Ch. 2

Question 1

numbers

Answer 1

allows one to evaluate exactly how much behavior improves when a behavior-change intervention is introduced

Question 2

variables

Answer 2

things that aren’t the same each time

Question 3

DV

Answer 3

objectively measured target behavior

Question 4

1st component of behavorial experiment

Answer 4

DV is behavior

Question 5

2nd component of behavioral experiment

Answer 5

falsifiable hypothesis

Question 6

3rd component of behavioral experiment

Answer 6

manipulation of IV

Question 7

self-reports

Answer 7

ask individual to recall if they have engaged in the behavior

Question 8

self-report cautions

Answer 8

1) not as truthful as we would like

2) rely upon false memory processes

Question 9

direct observation

Answer 9

behavior is recorded as it occurs or a lasting product of the behavior is recorded at a later time

Question 10

behavioral definition

Answer 10

specification if topography of target behavior, allowing observers to reliably identify instances and non-instances

Question 11

social validity

Answer 11

consumer of intervention or expert in field indicates that the behavioral definition accurately reflects behavior of interest

Question 12

interobserver agreement

Answer 12

extent to which 2 independent observers’ data are the same after having directly observed the same behavior at the same time

-if IOA is below 90%, behavioral definition should be refined because observers degree 10%+ of time, too much subjectivity

-not the same as accuracy, to know accuracy we compare recorded behavior to perfect record

-IOA doesn’t compare observer’s data with perfect record but with other observer who’s accuracy is unknown

-minute-by-minute preferred when possible that total responses is hiding disagreements

Question 13

IOA formula

Answer 13

IOA = agreements divided by (agreements + disagreements) x 100

Question 14

benefit of IOA

Answer 14

increases believability

Question 15

4 dimensions of behavior

Answer 15

1) frequency
2) latency
3) duration
4) magnitude

Question 16

frequency

Answer 16

used when interested in how often target behavior occurs

-response count divided by time or opportunity to respond

-most commonly used

Question 17

latency

Answer 17

used when interested how long it takes for behavior to begin

-interval of time between the opportunity to respond and the response itself

Question 18

duration

Answer 18

used when interested in how long behavior lasts, from start to finish

-interval of time between start and end of behavior

Question 19

magnitude

Answer 19

force or intensity of behavior

Question 20

reactivity

Answer 20

when behavior changes because the individual is aware they are being watched

Question 21

outcome recording

Answer 21

observers record distinct, observable, and lasting products of behavior, instead of behavior itself

Question 22

event recording

Answer 22

each instance of behavior recorded at the moment it occurs

-used when duration of target behavior is the same each time it occurs

Question 23

interval recording

Answer 23

used when duration of target behavior varies from one instance to the next and if behavior doesn’t produce a distinct, observable, and lasting product

-interest in frequency

Question 24

partial-interval recording

Answer 24

direct-observation method used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs

-observers record whether or not the behavior occurs DURING ANY portion of teach in a series of contiguous intervals

Question 25

whole-interval recording

Answer 25

direct-observation method used to estimate how frequently behavior occurs

-observers record whether or not behavior occurs THROUGHOUT each in a series of contiguous intervals

Question 26

duration recording

Answer 26

used when measuring latency or duration of target behavior