Ch. 7 Pt. 2

Question 1

2 things to do before using extinction to positively influence behavior

Answer 1

1) determine if problem behavior is operant behavior
-not all behavior is operant behavior

2) if problem behavior is operant, identify reinforcer maintaining it
-turn OFF reinforcer that maintains problem behavior

Question 2

extinction ethics in therapy

Answer 2

unethical to use extinction in isolation

-ethical obligation to prevent side effects (emotional responding, extinction burst) of extinction if one uses extinction

Question 3

functional analysis of behavior

Answer 3

scientific method used to determine if problem behavior is an operant and identify reinforcer that maintains that operant

-consequences that may be reinforcers are turned ON and OFF, while the effects of these manipulations are recorded

-if problem behavior occurs at higher rate when one of these consequences is arranged, then conclude that consequence functions as a reinforcer

-if no experimenter-controlled consequences function as reinforcers, than either behavior is maintained by a automatic reinforcer, or problem behavior isn’t an operant behavior

Question 4

automatic reinforcer

Answer 4

consequence that’s produced by response– not provided by someone else– and increases behavior above no-reinforcer baseline

Question 5

differential reinforcement

Answer 5

procedure in which a previously reinforced behavior is placed on extinction while a second behavior is reinforced

-provides opportunity to teach adaptive behavior that’ll replace the problem behavior

-decreases frequency of extinction bursts and extinction-induced aggression

Question 6

differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)

Answer 6

problem behavior is extinguished while a different response– one that cannot be emitted while engaged in problem behavior– is reinforced

Question 7

differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA)

Answer 7

reinforced response can be any adaptive behavior (need not be topographically incompatible w/ problem behavior)

Question 8

functional communication training

Answer 8

problematic demands for attention are extinguished while appropriate requests are established and reinforced

Question 9

differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

Answer 9

reinforcement is provided contingent upon abstaining from problem behavior for a specified interval of time while “other behavior” is occurring

Question 10

differential reinforcement of variability

Answer 10

unique contingency in which responses, or patterns of responses, that have never been emitted or have not been emitted in some time are reinforced

-repetition or recent response topographies are extinguished

Question 11

differential reinforcement of high-rate behavior (DRH)

Answer 11

low-rate responding put in extinction and high-rate responding is reinforced

Question 12

differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL)

Answer 12

responding quickly is extinguished and responding slowly is reinforced

Question 13

Carr & Durand (1985)

Answer 13

paper on FCT

-identified common situations in which problem behavior occurred

-before functional analysis tech. was well established

-reinforced communication instead of problem behavior

Question 14

what were participants taught in Carr & Durand (1985)?

Answer 14

communicate needs

Question 15

Carr & Durand (1985) phases

Answer 15

baseline: reinforced problem behavior

-irrelevant response: gave incorrect reinforcer after irrelevant response

-relevant response: gave correct reinforcer after correct response

Question 16

Carr & Durand (1985) implications

Answer 16

treatments should be focused on increasing communication skills

-communication should result in reinforcer that problem behavior historically resulted in

-extremely well-established intervention

–can be used to support individuals who do not vocalize (response cards, iPads, etc.)