Preanesthetic drugs Flashcards
What is anesthesia?
Anesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes “Loss of sensation”
What is anesthesia used for in veterinary practices?
What are other the other diverse uses for anesthesia?
What are the levels of consciousness?
What is local anesthesia?
What is regional anesthesia?
What is general anesthesia?
What is sedation?
What are factors that can influence anesthesia choices?
What are the stages of anesthesia?
What is the odds/ risk level of anesthetic death in dogs?
1 in 900
What should you have the owner do prior to an anesthetic event in order to keep risks low? and Why?
What are some of the causes of animals reaching a dangerous plane of anesthesia?
What is an anesthetic?
What is an adjunct?
When are preanesthetic medications drugs given? What are they used for?
What are the routes of administration for preanesthetic medications?
What are the effects of preanesthetic medications and adjuncts?
What are the functions of opioids?
provide analgesia
What are the function of tranquilizers?
provide pre-operative sedation and amnesia
and help to prevent or counteract the CNS
stimulation caused by some anesthetics
What are the function of central muscle relaxants?
provide muscle relaxation during anesthesia
What are the function of anticholinergic agents?
prevent profuse salivation and bradycardia
What are the combinations of preanesthetics given
TRUE or FALSE: Anesthetics work as both anesthetic and analgesic which is why they are preferred.
FALSE- Patient will feel pain after surgery if we don’t give anesthetics with analgesics
What are opioids commonly used for?
Morphine is _____, effective ______ for most small animal patients
* Effective for ____ and _____ pain
* Added benefit of being a good _________ for dogs
Morphine is safe, effective analgesic for most small animal patients
* Effective for mild and severe pain
* Added benefit of being a good sedative for dogs
Butorphanol acts on what receptors? What does it do?
What kind of drugs are used for preanesthetics in terms of how they act on receptors?
What is a tranquilizer? What is the most common used in dogs, cats and horses?
What are the uses for acepromazine?
An oral sedative before stressful events (such as thunderstorms)
* To treat motion sickness and nausea associated with car or plain rides
* Pre-anesthetic sedation
* Decrease dose of general anesthetic
* Not a pain reliever
* May be used with opioids for minor procedures
* Approved for horses, dogs, and cats
What are the benefits of acepromazine when used correctly? What is important to remember about its distribution/ how its metabolized? How is it administered
What is important about the potency and duration of acepromazine? When should we be cautious with use? What is the treatment of overdose?
What is important to remember about MDR1 mutation when using acepromazine?
What are the pharmacologic effects of acepromazine?
What are the adverse effects for acepromazine?
What is a side effect that is characteristic for acepromazine in horses and large animals?
- Penile prolapse
seen in horses and other large animals may lead to permanent injury
What is Neuroleptanalgesia?
What are the opioids and tranquilizers that can be used for neuroleptanalgesia? When would you use this kind of sedation? What receptors does each act on?
Uses: when you don’t want to do General Anesthesia (GA) * Sedation for minor procedures * Induction of general anesthesia: in dogs (not used often)
What is the combination of neuroleptanalgesia that can be used?
What are benzodiazepines? What are the preanesthetic benzodiazepines?
What is the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines?
What is important to remember about diazepam and its interactions with other drugs? What about its administration?
What are the adverse effects of diazepam?
What is midazolam? How can it be administered? What animals is it good for? What is a good combination with midazolam to use in dogs, small mammals, and birds?
What is zolazepam? Who is it used in? What is it available as?
