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Introduction To Pharmacology I > Preanesthetic drugs > Flashcards

Preanesthetic drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is anesthesia?

A

Anesthesia is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes “Loss of sensation”

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2
Q

What is anesthesia used for in veterinary practices?

A
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3
Q

What are other the other diverse uses for anesthesia?

A
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4
Q

What are the levels of consciousness?

A
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5
Q

What is local anesthesia?

A
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6
Q

What is regional anesthesia?

A
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7
Q

What is general anesthesia?

A
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8
Q

What is sedation?

A
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9
Q

What are factors that can influence anesthesia choices?

A
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10
Q

What are the stages of anesthesia?

A
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11
Q

What is the odds/ risk level of anesthetic death in dogs?

A

1 in 900

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12
Q

What should you have the owner do prior to an anesthetic event in order to keep risks low? and Why?

A
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13
Q

What are some of the causes of animals reaching a dangerous plane of anesthesia?

A
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14
Q

What is an anesthetic?

A
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15
Q

What is an adjunct?

A
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16
Q

When are preanesthetic medications drugs given? What are they used for?

A
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17
Q

What are the routes of administration for preanesthetic medications?

A
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18
Q

What are the effects of preanesthetic medications and adjuncts?

A
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19
Q

What are the functions of opioids?

A

provide analgesia

20
Q

What are the function of tranquilizers?

A

provide pre-operative sedation and amnesia
and help to prevent or counteract the CNS
stimulation caused by some anesthetics

21
Q

What are the function of central muscle relaxants?

A

provide muscle relaxation during anesthesia

22
Q

What are the function of anticholinergic agents?

A

prevent profuse salivation and bradycardia

23
Q

What are the combinations of preanesthetics given

A
24
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Anesthetics work as both anesthetic and analgesic which is why they are preferred.

A

FALSE- Patient will feel pain after surgery if we don’t give anesthetics with analgesics

25
Q

What are opioids commonly used for?

A
26
Q

Morphine is _____, effective ______ for most small animal patients
* Effective for ____ and _____ pain
* Added benefit of being a good _________ for dogs

A

Morphine is safe, effective analgesic for most small animal patients
* Effective for mild and severe pain
* Added benefit of being a good sedative for dogs

27
Q

Butorphanol acts on what receptors? What does it do?

A
28
Q

What kind of drugs are used for preanesthetics in terms of how they act on receptors?

A
29
Q

What is a tranquilizer? What is the most common used in dogs, cats and horses?

A
30
Q

What are the uses for acepromazine?

A

An oral sedative before stressful events (such as thunderstorms)
* To treat motion sickness and nausea associated with car or plain rides
* Pre-anesthetic sedation
* Decrease dose of general anesthetic
* Not a pain reliever
* May be used with opioids for minor procedures
* Approved for horses, dogs, and cats

31
Q

What are the benefits of acepromazine when used correctly? What is important to remember about its distribution/ how its metabolized? How is it administered

A
32
Q

What is important about the potency and duration of acepromazine? When should we be cautious with use? What is the treatment of overdose?

A
33
Q

What is important to remember about MDR1 mutation when using acepromazine?

A
34
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of acepromazine?

A
35
Q

What are the adverse effects for acepromazine?

A
36
Q

What is a side effect that is characteristic for acepromazine in horses and large animals?

A
  • Penile prolapse
    seen in horses and other large animals may lead to permanent injury
37
Q

What is Neuroleptanalgesia?

A
38
Q

What are the opioids and tranquilizers that can be used for neuroleptanalgesia? When would you use this kind of sedation? What receptors does each act on?

A

Uses: when you don’t want to do General Anesthesia (GA) * Sedation for minor procedures * Induction of general anesthesia: in dogs (not used often)

39
Q

What is the combination of neuroleptanalgesia that can be used?

A
40
Q

What are benzodiazepines? What are the preanesthetic benzodiazepines?

A
41
Q

What is the pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines?

A
42
Q

What is important to remember about diazepam and its interactions with other drugs? What about its administration?

A
43
Q

What are the adverse effects of diazepam?

A
44
Q

What is midazolam? How can it be administered? What animals is it good for? What is a good combination with midazolam to use in dogs, small mammals, and birds?

A
45
Q

What is zolazepam? Who is it used in? What is it available as?

A
46
Q
A

Introduction To Pharmacology I (26 decks)

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