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Introduction To Pharmacology I > Injectable Anesthetics > Flashcards

Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the barbiturate injectable anesthetic drugs?

A

◦ Thiopental
◦ Phenobarbital
◦ pentobarbital
◦ Methohexital

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2
Q

What is the non barbiturate anesthetic drugs?

A

◦ Propofol
◦ Etomidate
◦ Alphaxalone

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3
Q

What is anesthesia?

A
  • Anesthesia: is a reversible process resulting in the total loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body
  • Anesthesia is induced by a drug or drug combination that depresses peripherally nervous tissue activity (local and regional) or centrally (general anesthesia)
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4
Q

What is peripheral anesthesia?

A

Local/ regional

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5
Q

What s central anesthesia?

A

general anesthesia.

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6
Q

What is the animal experiencing in general anesthesia?

A

❖ unconsciousness
❖ hyporeflexia
❖ analgesia
❖ skeletal muscle relaxation

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7
Q

General anesthesia (GA) uses ______ and ________ agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site

A

Intravenous and Inhaled

General anesthesia (GA) uses intravenous and inhaled agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site

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8
Q

What are the anesthesia classification categories?

A

Principle effect
Chemistry ( structure / actions)
Route of administration
Time of administration

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9
Q

What are the sub categories of principal effect?

A
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10
Q

What are the sub categories of chemistry?

A
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11
Q

What are the sub categories of time of administration?

A
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12
Q

What are the sub categories of route of administration?

A
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13
Q

What is the role of agonists in regards to anesthetic drugs?

A
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14
Q

What is the role of antagonists in regards to anesthetic drugs?

A
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15
Q

Why are drugs typically combined for anesthesia?

A
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16
Q

What is combined or balanced anesthesia? How does it benefit the patient and surgical team? What must we keep in mind when mixing drugs?

A
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17
Q

What is the MOA of injectable anesthetics?

A

benefit since you can affect multiple receptors, but also dangerous because what if it works on a receptor for something very important and it takes over the receptor

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18
Q

What does injectable anesthetics do? What are other important things to remember about them?

A
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19
Q

What are the categories of injectable anesthetics?

A
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20
Q

What are barbiturates? What is important to remember about them?

A

A group of sedative-hypnotic medications used for treatment of seizures, preoperative anxiety, and inducing anesthesia

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21
Q

What are the ultra short acting barbiturate injectable anesthetics? Who are they used for? What do they provide for the patient?

A
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22
Q

What are the short acting barbiturate injectable anesthetics? Who are they used for? What do they provide for the patient?

A
23
Q

What are the long acting barbiturate injectable anesthetics? Who are they used for? What do they provide for the patient?

A
24
Q

What are the oxybarbiturates?

A
  • Oxybarbituates: Methohexital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital
25
Q

What are the thiobarbiturates?

A
  • Thiobarbituates: Thiopental and Thiamylal ( more lipid soluable.
26
Q

Barbiturates:
Potent ________ but weak _________
* _______ _______ ______: quickly enter the CNS and depress its function redistribution occurs _____ ______ to other tissues (skeletal muscle & adipose tissue)

A

Potent anesthetics but weak analgesics
* High lipid solubility: quickly enter the CNS and depress its function
redistribution occurs very rapidly to other tissues (skeletal muscle & adipose tissue)

27
Q

What are potential issues when administering barbiturates?

A
  • They can cause apnea, coughing, chest wall spasm, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm
28
Q

What is the MOA of barbiturates?

A
29
Q

What are the uses of barbiturates ?

A
30
Q

What are the factors that affect potency/ onset and duration of action of barbiturates?

A
31
Q

What is important about the lipid solubility of barbiturates?

A
32
Q

What is important about the redistribution of barbiturates?

A
33
Q

What is most important about protein binding, lipid solubility, and redistribution of barbiturates? (Quick and Dirty)

A
34
Q

How does barbiturate redistribution work?

A
35
Q

What are the pharmacological effects of barbiturates?

A
36
Q

What are the adverse effects of barbiturates?

A

Related to dose + administration rate = initial apnea

37
Q

What patient should you not use barbiturates in?

A

Greyhounds

38
Q

How can the excitement side effect affect induction and recovery?

A
39
Q

What are some barbiturate drug interactions?

A
40
Q

How quick acting is thiopental? How long is the duration of action? What animals is it used in?

A
41
Q

What is important to note about the dosage of thiopental?

A
42
Q

How quick acting is methohexital? How long is the duration of action? What animals is it used in? What is important to remember about its preparation?

A

Prepare sterile!!!

43
Q

How quick acting is Pentobarbitol? How long is the duration of action? What animals is it used in? What is it a good treatment for? What has it been replaced with? What is another use for it?

A
44
Q

What are the non barbiturate injectable anesthetic drugs?

A
45
Q

What is propofol? How long is its duration of acting? What animals can it be used in ?

A
46
Q

What is the most commonly used anesthetic in veterinary medicine?

A

Propofol

47
Q

What anesthetic is good to use for an outpatient procedure? Why?

A

Propofol
Rapid onset and quick metabolism

48
Q

What are the available aqueous emulsions of propofol?

A
49
Q

What is the storage characteristics of propofol?

A
50
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of propofol?

A
51
Q

What are the adverse effects of propofol?

A
52
Q

What is etomidate? When can it be used? What is its MOA? What is important about its pharmacokenetics? What is the associated adverse effects?

A
53
Q

What are the pharmacological effects of etomidate?

A
54
Q

What is alfaxalone? What is the MOA? How is it administered? What is important about its duration and recovery? What are its uses? What are the adverse effects seen?

A

Also twitching - alfaxalone

Introduction To Pharmacology I (26 decks)

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