Injectable Anesthetics Flashcards
What are the barbiturate injectable anesthetic drugs?
◦ Thiopental
◦ Phenobarbital
◦ pentobarbital
◦ Methohexital
What is the non barbiturate anesthetic drugs?
◦ Propofol
◦ Etomidate
◦ Alphaxalone
What is anesthesia?
- Anesthesia: is a reversible process resulting in the total loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body
- Anesthesia is induced by a drug or drug combination that depresses peripherally nervous tissue activity (local and regional) or centrally (general anesthesia)
What is peripheral anesthesia?
Local/ regional
What s central anesthesia?
general anesthesia.
What is the animal experiencing in general anesthesia?
❖ unconsciousness
❖ hyporeflexia
❖ analgesia
❖ skeletal muscle relaxation
General anesthesia (GA) uses ______ and ________ agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site
Intravenous and Inhaled
General anesthesia (GA) uses intravenous and inhaled agents to allow adequate surgical access to the operative site
What are the anesthesia classification categories?
Principle effect
Chemistry ( structure / actions)
Route of administration
Time of administration
What are the sub categories of principal effect?
What are the sub categories of chemistry?
What are the sub categories of time of administration?
What are the sub categories of route of administration?
What is the role of agonists in regards to anesthetic drugs?
What is the role of antagonists in regards to anesthetic drugs?
Why are drugs typically combined for anesthesia?
What is combined or balanced anesthesia? How does it benefit the patient and surgical team? What must we keep in mind when mixing drugs?
What is the MOA of injectable anesthetics?
benefit since you can affect multiple receptors, but also dangerous because what if it works on a receptor for something very important and it takes over the receptor
What does injectable anesthetics do? What are other important things to remember about them?
What are the categories of injectable anesthetics?
What are barbiturates? What is important to remember about them?
A group of sedative-hypnotic medications used for treatment of seizures, preoperative anxiety, and inducing anesthesia
What are the ultra short acting barbiturate injectable anesthetics? Who are they used for? What do they provide for the patient?
What are the short acting barbiturate injectable anesthetics? Who are they used for? What do they provide for the patient?
What are the long acting barbiturate injectable anesthetics? Who are they used for? What do they provide for the patient?
What are the oxybarbiturates?
- Oxybarbituates: Methohexital, phenobarbital, and pentobarbital
What are the thiobarbiturates?
- Thiobarbituates: Thiopental and Thiamylal ( more lipid soluable.
Barbiturates:
Potent ________ but weak _________
* _______ _______ ______: quickly enter the CNS and depress its function redistribution occurs _____ ______ to other tissues (skeletal muscle & adipose tissue)
Potent anesthetics but weak analgesics
* High lipid solubility: quickly enter the CNS and depress its function
redistribution occurs very rapidly to other tissues (skeletal muscle & adipose tissue)
What are potential issues when administering barbiturates?
- They can cause apnea, coughing, chest wall spasm, laryngospasm, and bronchospasm
What is the MOA of barbiturates?
What are the uses of barbiturates ?
What are the factors that affect potency/ onset and duration of action of barbiturates?
What is important about the lipid solubility of barbiturates?
What is important about the redistribution of barbiturates?
What is most important about protein binding, lipid solubility, and redistribution of barbiturates? (Quick and Dirty)
How does barbiturate redistribution work?
What are the pharmacological effects of barbiturates?
What are the adverse effects of barbiturates?
Related to dose + administration rate = initial apnea
What patient should you not use barbiturates in?
Greyhounds
How can the excitement side effect affect induction and recovery?
What are some barbiturate drug interactions?
How quick acting is thiopental? How long is the duration of action? What animals is it used in?
What is important to note about the dosage of thiopental?
How quick acting is methohexital? How long is the duration of action? What animals is it used in? What is important to remember about its preparation?
Prepare sterile!!!
How quick acting is Pentobarbitol? How long is the duration of action? What animals is it used in? What is it a good treatment for? What has it been replaced with? What is another use for it?
What are the non barbiturate injectable anesthetic drugs?
What is propofol? How long is its duration of acting? What animals can it be used in ?
What is the most commonly used anesthetic in veterinary medicine?
Propofol
What anesthetic is good to use for an outpatient procedure? Why?
Propofol
Rapid onset and quick metabolism
What are the available aqueous emulsions of propofol?
What is the storage characteristics of propofol?
What are the pharmacologic effects of propofol?
What are the adverse effects of propofol?
What is etomidate? When can it be used? What is its MOA? What is important about its pharmacokenetics? What is the associated adverse effects?
What are the pharmacological effects of etomidate?
What is alfaxalone? What is the MOA? How is it administered? What is important about its duration and recovery? What are its uses? What are the adverse effects seen?
Also twitching - alfaxalone
