Introduction to Pharmacology - Terminology and drug classification Flashcards
The ebers papyrus contains ____ prescriptions/ dosages.
800
What is the famous saying by Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim?
All drugs are poison, Proper dose is what separates remedy from poison.
What are the 4 principles of pharmacokenetics?
ADME
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
What is being looked at in pharmacodynamics?
Cell/tissue response / involved receptors.
What is being looked at in the study of pharmacogenetics?
How genetics affect drugs/ therapies.
What is a drug?
A drug is a molecule that interacts with specific molecular components of an organism to produce biochemical and physiologic changes/effects
What are most drugs classified as?
Synthetic drugs
What are the three ways to name a drug?
Chemical name: IUPAC
Generic name (non proprietary)
Trade or proprietary name
What is the purpose of drug therapy?
To induce a desired pharmacological response.
What determines the degree of pharmacological response?
For the most drugs the degree of the pharmacologic response is related to the drug concentration at the tissue (receptor)
What does a drug cross from its site of administration to reach its site of action?
o A drug crosses several lipoidal membrane barriers from its site of administration to reach its
site of action
The processes that govern movement of drugs across lipid based biological membranes are important because?
The processes that govern the movement of drugs across lipid-based biological membranes are important and regulate its absorption, distribution and excretion from the animal
What are the 4 mechanisms by which drugs move through the body?
- ) Bulk Flow
- ) Passive diffusion
- ) Carrier mediated transport
- ) Endocytosis/ pinocytosis
What are the 2 major mechanisms/ most important for drugs to move through the body?
- ) Bulk Flow
2. ) Passive diffusion
How does bulk flow move drugs through the body?
Movement across the fenestrated capillaries of the body from plasma to tissue
What bulk flow dependent on to move drugs from plasma or tissue fluid? Does chemical nature affect this?
Is dependent on the concentration of drug dissolved in the plasma or tissue fluid
Chemical nature does not affect this.
If you have an increase in concentration of a drug, you will have ____ diffusion via bulk flow
Easier
What is passive diffusion?
Transmembrane diffusion. Uses channels for water soluble drug, and lipid soluble will dissolve through the membrane
What factors influence passive diffusion of a drug across cell membranes?
- Lipid solubility of the drug
- Environmental pH
- Surface area
- Thickness of the membrane to be traversed (edematous V/S normal tissues)
- Concentration of diffusible drug
What method is the most common way that compounds move through the body?
Passive diffusion is the most common method by which compounds move through the body
How does molecular weight of a compound affect passive diffusion?
Smaller weight diffuses easier.
What is your partition coefficient?
Ratio determined by mixing drug in combo of water and organic solvent.
It will characterize the relative oil versus water affinity of a compound when it exists in its unionized form and Predict the ability of a drug to pass through cell membrane
What does it mean if a partition coefficient has a ratio greater than 1?
increased lipid solubility and increased distribution.
What kind of pH would a drug like?
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