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Introduction To Pharmacology I > Pre- anesthetics 2: Muscle Relaxants > Flashcards

Pre- anesthetics 2: Muscle Relaxants Flashcards

1
Q

What is the benefit of using preanesthetic medications? Why do we use them?

A
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2
Q
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3
Q

What is an a2 - adrenergic agonists? What is the MOA? What kind of receptor is it?

A

G protein coupled receptors
MOA: agonists and block presynaptic alpha 2 receptors resulting of suppression of noradrenaline release. Negative feedback.

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4
Q

What are the a2- adrenergic agonists?

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5
Q

What are the important characteristics of a2-adrenergic agonists? What is important to know about administration? What can it be reversed with?

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6
Q

What is the pharmacologic effects of a2- agonists?

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7
Q

What is important to remember about a2- agonists?

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8
Q

What are the potential adverse effects of a2- agonists?

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9
Q

What is xylazine? What receptor does it stimulate and what is its effect? Where is it metabolized? Where is it excreted? How long does it last?

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10
Q

What animals are very sensitive to the effects of xylazine? What animals within that category are the most sensitive?

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11
Q

What is xylazine? What receptor does it stimulate and what is its effect? Where is it metabolized? Where is it excreted? How long does it last? How does the duration change based on the administration route?

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12
Q

What is important to remember about Dormitor and its effect on the patient? What the potential adverse effects/ when should we not use/ use caution when using this medication?

A
  • Despite appearing completely sedated, animals can still move, even kick, bite or scratch, in
    response to sharp stimulation
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13
Q

What are a2 antagonists used for? How does it work?

A

Blocks binding of a2 agonists. So the effect is lessened/ metabolized and not overtaking receptors

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14
Q

What is the effect of an a2 antagonist overdose?

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15
Q

What are the common a2 antagonists?

A

Yohimbine and Atipamezole

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16
Q

Who is yohimbine used in? What does it reverse? What is the ratio for dosing compared to the agonist?

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17
Q

Who is atipamazole used in? What does it reverse? What is the time frame after IM injection that you see reversal?

A
18
Q

Why can xylazine and medetomidine be used as emetics?

A
19
Q

What are the benefits of using anticholinergics in your preanesthetic? What are examples of them? Who can they be used in and what routes/ when?

A
20
Q

What are parasympatholytic drugs?

A

Parasympatholytic drugs: block the action of acetylcholine (Ach) via M receptors
❖ Prevent and treat bradycardia ❖ Decrease salivary secretions

21
Q

What is a anticholinergic drug that has a fast onset, short peak and short duration?

A

Atropine

22
Q

What is an anticholinergic drug that has a slower onset, longer peak, longer duration?

A

Glycopyrrolate

23
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of anticholinergics?

A
24
Q

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergics?

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25
Q

Where is atropine derived from? Glycopyrrolate? What are the effects/ adverse effects of these drugs?

A
26
Q

What is the anticholinergic agent that can pass the blood brain barrier?

A

Atropine

27
Q

What is the anticholinergic agent that CANNOT pass the blood brain barrier?

A

Glycopyrrolate

28
Q

What is spasticity? What is the aim of spasmolytics? In humans when may you see these movements?

A
  • Can be seen in stroke, cerebral palsy in humans
29
Q

What are central muscle relaxants?

A
30
Q

What are peripheral acting muscle relaxants>

A
31
Q

What are the 2 categories that make up spasmolytics ?

A
32
Q

Where is the site of spasmolytic action in centrally acting spasmolytics?

A

Spinal cord

33
Q

What medications are centrally acting spasmolytics? What receptors are they working on?

A
34
Q

What are side effects of diazepam? Baclofen? Tizanidine?

A
35
Q

What is Guaifenesin? What animal is it used for? What is its effects?

A
36
Q

What is triple drip?

A
37
Q

How must you administer Guaifenesin?

A
38
Q

What are the adverse effects of guaifenesin? What is it MOA? What is important about the properties of this drug/ how its utilized? What animal is this a nice preanesthetic for?

A

MOA : Some ideas but not definitively known.
Properties of this drugs allows for lower doses than other sedative agents.
* Used IV with thiobarbituates and ketamine.
* Nice preanesthetic for horses

39
Q

What is methocarbamol? What is it used for ?

A

Used: To treat muscle spasms in dogs and cats or trauma of skeletal muscle.

40
Q

What is the MOA of baclofen? What is it used to treat? What is important to remember for this medication?

A
  • DOGS ARE MORE PRONE TO INTOXICATION.
41
Q

What are the adverse effects of baclofen?

A
  • DOGS ARE MORE PRONE TO INTOXICATION.
42
Q

Baclofen is…….

A

BAD BAD BAD

Introduction To Pharmacology I (26 decks)

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