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Introduction To Pharmacology I > Dissociative and Inhalant Anesthetics > Flashcards

Dissociative and Inhalant Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are dissociative anesthesia? What does this mean and how does it effect the brain/ limbic system?

A
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2
Q

What are parts of the limbic system?

A
  • thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
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3
Q

What are the dissociative agents used in veterinary medicine?

A
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4
Q

What are dissociative anesthetics? What is the important characteristics of this?

A
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5
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of dissociative anesthetics?

A
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6
Q

What are drugs that fall under cyclohexylamines?

A

Ketamine
Tiletamine

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7
Q

What are the effects described in humans who have taken cyclohexylamines?

A
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8
Q

What signs do subjects under influence of these drugs show?

A

DEPERSONALIZATION

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9
Q

What is ketamine? What is it used for? What do you normally combine it with? How is it administered? How is that different in horses and cattle?

A
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10
Q

What animals can you use ketamine in?

A
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11
Q

Why is ketamine a unique drug?

A
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12
Q

What is the MOA of ketamine?

A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What is the important pharmacokenetics for ketamine? When may it be used alone? When is it used with other drugs? What achieves a sub anesthetic dose?

A
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15
Q

When may ketamine be used alone?

A

❖ Used alone:
Cats: for minor procedures or to facilitate restraint

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16
Q

What is the usual combination drug with ketamine in horses?

A
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17
Q

What are the usual drugs combined with ketamine? Why?

A
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18
Q

What is the usual combination drug with ketamine in dogs and cats?

A
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19
Q

What is the usual combination drug with ketamine in pigs, cattle, goats?

A
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20
Q

Why must you never use ketamine alone in dogs and horses?

A
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21
Q

What should you give cats when you give ketamine to prevent adverse effects?

A
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22
Q

What are the adverse effects of ketamine? What are the contraindications?

A
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23
Q

What is tealazol? How is it given? What is it used for ?

A
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24
Q

What is telazol mixed with in horses?

A

Xylazine and Butorphanol

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25
What is telazol mixed with in pigs?
Ketamine and Xylazine
26
What is telazol mixed with in small ruminants and camelids?
Xylazine
27
What are the adverse effects of telazol? Contraindications?
28
What is a benefit of telazol?
decreased apnethic response.
29
What is the MOA of inhalant anesthetics?
30
What are inhalant anesthetics? What is the primary site of action? What do they provide? What is important to remember about administration?
31
Why is “Inhalation Anesthesia” considered safer than “Injectable Anesthesia”?
32
What are the disadvantages of inhalant anesthesia?
33
What is the process for uptake, distribution, elimination, and metabolism of inhalant anesthetics?
34
What are the physical and chemical properties of inhalant anesthetics?
35
What is vapor pressure? What is it determining? What is it dependent on?
36
What are the classifications of inhalant anesthetics?
- volatile agents - non volatile agents
37
What is the characteristics of volatile agents? What do they require? What drugs are in this category?
38
What is the characteristics of non- volatile agents? What do they require? What drugs are in this category?
39
What kind of drug is evaporated more easily?
40
What is the blood: gas partition coefficient ? What does it indicate?
The measure of the solubility of an IA in blood as compared to alveolar gas (air). This indicates the speed of induction. and recovery.
41
What does a low blood:gas partition coefficient indicate?
42
What does a high blood:gas partition coefficient indicate?
43
What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?
The level where 50% of patients are prevented from responding to painful stimuli.
44
The agent with the ______ potency has the lowest MAC.
Highest
45
What may be alter MAC? What is important to remember about monitoring patients?
46
Which drug on this graph is the most potent?
47
What are the halogenated compounds used for inhalant anesthesia?
48
What is characteristics of diethyl ether? Why is it not used anymore?
49
What is characteristics of diethyl ether? Why is it not used anymore?
Can cause nausea. Now used more as solvents in labs.
50
What is nitrous oxide?
51
What inhalant anesthetics are no used in medicine? Why?
52
What is the MOAs for inhalant anesthetics?
53
What are the pharmacologic effects of halogenated compounds? What are the adverse effects?
54
What are the 2 most commonly used inhalant anesthetic agents in North America?
Isoflourane and Sevoflourane
55
What are the properties of isoflorane and sevoflurane?
56
Does isoflurane and sevoflurane have a high blood:gas partition coefficient? Which is faster?
57
Which is more potent, isoflurane or sevoflurane? What does this help determine?
Isoflurane is more potent - this helps us determine initial vaporizer setting.
58
Which of the two (isoflurane and sevoflurane) have high controllability of anesthetic depth?
Sevoflurane
59
Which has a higher anesthetic index, sevoflurane or isoflurane? Which is more expensive?
Sevoflurane Sevoflurane
60
What are the pharmacologic effects of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane?
Isoflurane - Red Sevoflurane - Blue
61
What are the properties of deflurane?
62
What is the least potent inhalant anesthetic?
Desflurane
63
What is halothane, methoxyflurane, and nitrous oxide? Are they used frequently?
64
What is doxapram? What is it used for? How is it administered?
65
What are the effects of doxapram?
66
What is a respiratory stimulant given to puppies who have been delivered via C section?
Doxapram

Introduction To Pharmacology I (26 decks)

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