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Introduction To Pharmacology I > Dissociative and Inhalant Anesthetics > Flashcards

Dissociative and Inhalant Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are dissociative anesthesia? What does this mean and how does it effect the brain/ limbic system?

A
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2
Q

What are parts of the limbic system?

A
  • thalamus
  • Hypothalamus
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala
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3
Q

What are the dissociative agents used in veterinary medicine?

A
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4
Q

What are dissociative anesthetics? What is the important characteristics of this?

A
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5
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of dissociative anesthetics?

A
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6
Q

What are drugs that fall under cyclohexylamines?

A

Ketamine
Tiletamine

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7
Q

What are the effects described in humans who have taken cyclohexylamines?

A
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8
Q

What signs do subjects under influence of these drugs show?

A

DEPERSONALIZATION

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9
Q

What is ketamine? What is it used for? What do you normally combine it with? How is it administered? How is that different in horses and cattle?

A
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10
Q

What animals can you use ketamine in?

A
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11
Q

Why is ketamine a unique drug?

A
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12
Q

What is the MOA of ketamine?

A
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

What is the important pharmacokenetics for ketamine? When may it be used alone? When is it used with other drugs? What achieves a sub anesthetic dose?

A
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15
Q

When may ketamine be used alone?

A

❖ Used alone:
Cats: for minor procedures or to facilitate restraint

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16
Q

What is the usual combination drug with ketamine in horses?

A
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17
Q

What are the usual drugs combined with ketamine? Why?

A
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18
Q

What is the usual combination drug with ketamine in dogs and cats?

A
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19
Q

What is the usual combination drug with ketamine in pigs, cattle, goats?

A
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20
Q

Why must you never use ketamine alone in dogs and horses?

A
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21
Q

What should you give cats when you give ketamine to prevent adverse effects?

A
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22
Q

What are the adverse effects of ketamine? What are the contraindications?

A
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23
Q

What is tealazol? How is it given? What is it used for ?

A
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24
Q

What is telazol mixed with in horses?

A

Xylazine and Butorphanol

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25
Q

What is telazol mixed with in pigs?

A

Ketamine and Xylazine

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26
Q

What is telazol mixed with in small ruminants and camelids?

A

Xylazine

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27
Q

What are the adverse effects of telazol? Contraindications?

28
Q

What is a benefit of telazol?

A

decreased apnethic response.

29
Q

What is the MOA of inhalant anesthetics?

30
Q

What are inhalant anesthetics? What is the primary site of action? What do they provide? What is important to remember about administration?

31
Q

Why is “Inhalation Anesthesia” considered safer than “Injectable Anesthesia”?

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of inhalant anesthesia?

33
Q

What is the process for uptake, distribution, elimination, and metabolism of inhalant anesthetics?

34
Q

What are the physical and chemical properties of inhalant anesthetics?

35
Q

What is vapor pressure? What is it determining? What is it dependent on?

36
Q

What are the classifications of inhalant anesthetics?

A
  • volatile agents
  • non volatile agents
37
Q

What is the characteristics of volatile agents? What do they require? What drugs are in this category?

38
Q

What is the characteristics of non- volatile agents? What do they require? What drugs are in this category?

39
Q

What kind of drug is evaporated more easily?

40
Q

What is the blood: gas partition coefficient ? What does it indicate?

A

The measure of the solubility of an IA in blood as compared to alveolar gas (air).
This indicates the speed of induction. and recovery.

41
Q

What does a low blood:gas partition coefficient indicate?

42
Q

What does a high blood:gas partition coefficient indicate?

43
Q

What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?

A

The level where 50% of patients are prevented from responding to painful stimuli.

44
Q

The agent with the ______ potency has the lowest MAC.

45
Q

What may be alter MAC? What is important to remember about monitoring patients?

46
Q

Which drug on this graph is the most potent?

47
Q

What are the halogenated compounds used for inhalant anesthesia?

48
Q

What is characteristics of diethyl ether? Why is it not used anymore?

49
Q

What is characteristics of diethyl ether? Why is it not used anymore?

A

Can cause nausea. Now used more as solvents in labs.

50
Q

What is nitrous oxide?

51
Q

What inhalant anesthetics are no used in medicine? Why?

52
Q

What is the MOAs for inhalant anesthetics?

53
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of halogenated compounds? What are the adverse effects?

54
Q

What are the 2 most commonly used inhalant anesthetic agents in North America?

A

Isoflourane and Sevoflourane

55
Q

What are the properties of isoflorane and sevoflurane?

56
Q

Does isoflurane and sevoflurane have a high blood:gas partition coefficient? Which is faster?

57
Q

Which is more potent, isoflurane or sevoflurane? What does this help determine?

A

Isoflurane is more potent - this helps us determine initial vaporizer setting.

58
Q

Which of the two (isoflurane and sevoflurane) have high controllability of anesthetic depth?

A

Sevoflurane

59
Q

Which has a higher anesthetic index, sevoflurane or isoflurane? Which is more expensive?

A

Sevoflurane
Sevoflurane

60
Q

What are the pharmacologic effects of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane?

A

Isoflurane - Red
Sevoflurane - Blue

61
Q

What are the properties of deflurane?

62
Q

What is the least potent inhalant anesthetic?

A

Desflurane

63
Q

What is halothane, methoxyflurane, and nitrous oxide? Are they used frequently?

64
Q

What is doxapram? What is it used for? How is it administered?

65
Q

What are the effects of doxapram?

66
Q

What is a respiratory stimulant given to puppies who have been delivered via C section?

Introduction To Pharmacology I (26 decks)

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