Pre-Analytics Mid-Term Flashcards
Urine Analysis Non-Blood Specimens Equipment and Safety
What integrity issue is this?
Hemolysis - red blood cells have burst
What causes hemolysis?
- tourniquet left on or too tight (hemoconcentration)
- shaking tube
- alcohol not being dry
- improper storage or transportation
- tube unspun for too long
- incorrect needle
- incorrect volume for tube drawn
Hemolysis affects which tests most?
Potassium
LDH, AST, PTT
What Integrity issue is this?
Icterus - increased Bilirubin in cell
What causes icterus?
liver issues - viral, alcoholism, gallstones, cirrhosis, parasites
- hemolytic anemia
Which tests are most affected by icterus?
Magnesium, Cholesterol, Total Protein
What integrity issue is this?
Lipemia - fat in sample
What causes lipemia?
too much fat in bloodstream
fatty meal
hereditary
cholesterol
triglycerides
What tests are most affected by lipemia?
electrolytes
LDH
hemoglobin
bilirubin
magnesium
What does a 3 day (72hr) fecal collection container look like or resemble?
A paint can
What is urine for a pregnancy test collected in?
Sterile container (orange or blue top)
What is a 24hr urine sample collected in?
A large orange container (about 4L)
How can you eliminate contamination during a urine sample?
a midstream catch
Where is the most common place to store urine for preservation?
a refrigerator
If a urine sample is left overnight at room temperature, what changes can happen?
decrease in glucose and ketones
List 3 things you need to avoid 3 days before collecting samples for a Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)?
- red meats,
- raw fruits,
- vitamin C (fruits and supplements in high doses),
- antacids,
- iron supplements
- medications to stop diarrhea