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Medical Lab Assistant > Patient Management - Review Final > Flashcards

Patient Management - Review Final Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the four Vital Signs?

A
  • Body Temperature - Degrees
  • Respiratory Rate - Breaths/Minute
  • Pulse Rate - Beats/Minute
  • Blood Pressure - Peak pressure during contraction (Systolic Pressure – TOP#), Force of blood against (Diastolic Pressure – BOTTOM#)
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2
Q

What is the significance of Body Temperature?

A

Reflect degree of heat in the body (Deep Tissue) 37.8°

High Temp means
- fighting infection
- Increase cellular activity
- body initiates healing

Low Temp means
- after shock
- Induced during surgery
- hypothalamus trauma

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3
Q

What is a chest tube (thoracostomy) for?

A

draining fluids

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4
Q

What is a Central Venous Line for (CVC)

A

to administer medicines, fluid, nutrients or blood products

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5
Q

What is the purpose of an endotracheal tube?

A

maintain an open airway

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6
Q

What are the proper steps for Donning?

A

Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves

GLOVES ALWAYS LAST

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7
Q

What is a proper doffing technique?

A

Gloves
Gown
Goggles
Mask

Sanitize between for DROPLET

MASK ALWAYS LAST

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8
Q

What are the transmission based precautions?

A

^ CONTACT ISOLATION

^ DROPLET ISOLATION

^ AIRBORNE ISOLATION

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9
Q

What is sterilization?

A

Complete destruction of microorganisms INCLUDING
spores.

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10
Q

Roles and Responsibilities of HCW in an Operating Room

A

Bloodwork from patient - usually met at the transfer zone and someone else draws it, confirm patient ID, do a syringe transfer

scrub in, gown in, collection in OR - Be aware of sterile field, maintain sterile asepsis

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11
Q

Medical emergency goals are to… (3)

A

1) preserve life
2) avoid further harm
3) obtain appropriate medical assistance quickly

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12
Q

STAT means how quick of a response time?

A

right away

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13
Q

ASAP in regards to response time means?

A

Urgent - done in ½ hour

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14
Q

In regards to medical emergencies and response time ROUTINE means?

A

In order of request received

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15
Q

How many levels are there in Canadian Triage & Acuity Scale?

A

▶ Level 1 - Sickest patient - Resuscitation
- Conditions that are threats to life or limb require aggressive intervention – major shock, trauma, unconscious
▶ Level 2 - Severe trauma - Emergent
-potential threat to life or limb – head injury, MI, CVA, overdose
▶ Level 3 - Urgent - potential to progress to urgent
– asthma, minor trauma, bleeding
▶ Level 4 - Semi Urgent – reassurance 1-2 hrs
– headache, fb in eye, back pain
▶ Level 5 – Non Urgent – Chronic problem
– sore throat, vomiting or diarrhea, normal vital signs

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16
Q

What are some examples of MAJOR emergencies?

A

▶ Head injury
▶ Shock
▶ Anaphylaxis
▶ Pulmonary embolism
▶ Diabetic reactions
▶ Respiratory distress and arrest
▶ Cardiac emergency
▶ Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)

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17
Q

What are some examples of MINOR emergencies?

A

▶ Nausea and vomiting
▶ Epistaxis
▶ Vertigo and syncope
▶ Seizures
▶ Falls
▶ Wounds
▶ Burns

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18
Q

What are the appropriate steps to handling emergencies as a CMLA?

A

1) Recognize signs and symptoms
2) Call for help
3) Stabilize/Calm the patient
4) Stay with the patient

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19
Q

What is a drug?

A

chemical substance producing a biologic response in the body

20
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

study of drug actions and interactions on living organisms

21
Q

What is the Chemical Name?

A

Identifies the chemical structure of a drug

22
Q

What is a Brand Name?

A

The name given to a drug manufactured by
a specific company

23
Q

What is a Generic Name?

A

name given to a drug when it becomes
commercially available

have the same quality, quantity and chemical make up as a brand drug.

Usually cheaper

24
Q

What are side effects?

A

Unwanted effects that can be related to a drug

25
Q

What is Norepinephrine used for?

What are some different names for it?

A

Used for: Open airways of the lungs, in respiratory emergencies/problems, can assist in allergic emergencies

Names: Albuterol (Ventolin), Epinephrine

Chemical Name: Adrenergic

26
Q

What is Diazepam/Lorazepam used for?

What are other names for it?

A

treatment of Anxiety

Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Midazolam (Versed)

27
Q

What is Warfarin purpose and some other names it could be?

A

Long term therapy Anticoagulant

Coumadin

28
Q

What’s another name for Heparin/Enoxaparin and what’s its purpose?

A

Short term or emergency therapy Anticoagulant - may be used to keep IV lines open

enoxaparin (Lovenox)

29
Q

Plavix is used for…

Some other names are…

A

Prevention of myocardial infarction, stoke, and transient ischemic attacks
Stops platelets from clotting

Aspirin,
Clopidogrel (Plavix),
Abciximab (ReoPro)

30
Q

Insulin is used for…

Some other names are…

A

Diabetes and Hypoglycemia control blood
glucose levels

Metformin(Glucophage) (oral hypoglycemic)
Glyburide (Micronase)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
liraglutide (Victoza)
Canagliflozin (Invokana)

31
Q

What is Prozac/Zoloft used for?

Some other names…

A

Treatment of depression

Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Amitriptyline (Elavil)

32
Q

Dexamethasone is used for __________

It’s other names are ________

A

Reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders (Steroids)

Dexamethasone (Decadron),
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
Injectable – Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol)
Inhalant – Fluticasone (Flovent)

33
Q

Oxycodone is used for…

Some other names are…

A

Pain management

Morphine
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol)
Codeine,
Oxycodone (Oxycontin)

34
Q

A common use for Nitroglycerin is…

Some other names are…

A

Treating vascular disease, hypertensive crisis or heart failure
vasodilation

……

35
Q

What are the different routes of administering drugs?

A

1 - Oral
2 - Medication Inhalation
3 - Topical
4 - Sublingual (under tongue) or Buccal (cheek)
5 - Injection

36
Q

What are some physiological responses to stress?

A

 Increased metabolism of fats/sugars
 Release of hormones
 Increased blood flow and cardiac output
 Stimulated central nervous system

37
Q

What are some signs of stress?

A

Signs of Stress include;
ulcers
colds
irritability
high cholesterol
muscle stiffness
stomach issues
headaches
poor sleeping patterns
altered emotions

38
Q

What is a stressful event (stressors)

A

Any event adding stress to life
- Unique to individuals
- recognize some are out of your control

39
Q

What are some ways to deal with stress and stressors?

A

^ Know yourself
^ Prioritize responsibilities
^ Plan self-care

Buffers
^ Exercise
^ Healthy Nutrition
^ Yoga
^ Rest

40
Q

What is ALARA?

A

Created to reduce the risk of the effects of radiation, keeping it as low as possible.
Only getting imaging when the benefits outweigh the risks.

41
Q

What effects does radiation have on the body?

A

Cell death, genetic changes, carcinogenic, infertility, reddening skin, cataract, chromosome abnormalities

42
Q

What methods are used to minimize radiation exposure?

A
  • Source of radiation
  • Length of radiation
  • Distance from source
  • Protective measures (Sheilds, Quality Control)
43
Q

What is MRSA?

A

Bacterial infection
Antibiotic resistant
Spread through CONTACT

44
Q

What is C. Diff?

A

Bacteria
Gives you the diarrhea
Spread through CONTACT

45
Q

How are Influenza, Covid or TB spread?

A

Through DROPLET

Medical Lab Assistant (19 decks)

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