Patient Management - Review Final Flashcards
What are the four Vital Signs?
- Body Temperature - Degrees
- Respiratory Rate - Breaths/Minute
- Pulse Rate - Beats/Minute
- Blood Pressure - Peak pressure during contraction (Systolic Pressure – TOP#), Force of blood against (Diastolic Pressure – BOTTOM#)
What is the significance of Body Temperature?
Reflect degree of heat in the body (Deep Tissue) 37.8°
High Temp means
- fighting infection
- Increase cellular activity
- body initiates healing
Low Temp means
- after shock
- Induced during surgery
- hypothalamus trauma
What is a chest tube (thoracostomy) for?
draining fluids
What is a Central Venous Line for (CVC)
to administer medicines, fluid, nutrients or blood products
What is the purpose of an endotracheal tube?
maintain an open airway
What are the proper steps for Donning?
Gown
Mask
Goggles
Gloves
GLOVES ALWAYS LAST
What is a proper doffing technique?
Gloves
Gown
Goggles
Mask
Sanitize between for DROPLET
MASK ALWAYS LAST
What are the transmission based precautions?
^ CONTACT ISOLATION
^ DROPLET ISOLATION
^ AIRBORNE ISOLATION
What is sterilization?
Complete destruction of microorganisms INCLUDING
spores.
Roles and Responsibilities of HCW in an Operating Room
Bloodwork from patient - usually met at the transfer zone and someone else draws it, confirm patient ID, do a syringe transfer
scrub in, gown in, collection in OR - Be aware of sterile field, maintain sterile asepsis
Medical emergency goals are to… (3)
1) preserve life
2) avoid further harm
3) obtain appropriate medical assistance quickly
STAT means how quick of a response time?
right away
ASAP in regards to response time means?
Urgent - done in ½ hour
In regards to medical emergencies and response time ROUTINE means?
In order of request received
How many levels are there in Canadian Triage & Acuity Scale?
▶ Level 1 - Sickest patient - Resuscitation
- Conditions that are threats to life or limb require aggressive intervention – major shock, trauma, unconscious
▶ Level 2 - Severe trauma - Emergent
-potential threat to life or limb – head injury, MI, CVA, overdose
▶ Level 3 - Urgent - potential to progress to urgent
– asthma, minor trauma, bleeding
▶ Level 4 - Semi Urgent – reassurance 1-2 hrs
– headache, fb in eye, back pain
▶ Level 5 – Non Urgent – Chronic problem
– sore throat, vomiting or diarrhea, normal vital signs
What are some examples of MAJOR emergencies?
▶ Head injury
▶ Shock
▶ Anaphylaxis
▶ Pulmonary embolism
▶ Diabetic reactions
▶ Respiratory distress and arrest
▶ Cardiac emergency
▶ Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke)
What are some examples of MINOR emergencies?
▶ Nausea and vomiting
▶ Epistaxis
▶ Vertigo and syncope
▶ Seizures
▶ Falls
▶ Wounds
▶ Burns
What are the appropriate steps to handling emergencies as a CMLA?
1) Recognize signs and symptoms
2) Call for help
3) Stabilize/Calm the patient
4) Stay with the patient
What is a drug?
chemical substance producing a biologic response in the body
What is pharmacology?
study of drug actions and interactions on living organisms
What is the Chemical Name?
Identifies the chemical structure of a drug
What is a Brand Name?
The name given to a drug manufactured by
a specific company
What is a Generic Name?
name given to a drug when it becomes
commercially available
have the same quality, quantity and chemical make up as a brand drug.
Usually cheaper
What are side effects?
Unwanted effects that can be related to a drug
What is Norepinephrine used for?
What are some different names for it?
Used for: Open airways of the lungs, in respiratory emergencies/problems, can assist in allergic emergencies
Names: Albuterol (Ventolin), Epinephrine
Chemical Name: Adrenergic
What is Diazepam/Lorazepam used for?
What are other names for it?
treatment of Anxiety
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Midazolam (Versed)
What is Warfarin purpose and some other names it could be?
Long term therapy Anticoagulant
Coumadin
What’s another name for Heparin/Enoxaparin and what’s its purpose?
Short term or emergency therapy Anticoagulant - may be used to keep IV lines open
enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Plavix is used for…
Some other names are…
Prevention of myocardial infarction, stoke, and transient ischemic attacks
Stops platelets from clotting
Aspirin,
Clopidogrel (Plavix),
Abciximab (ReoPro)
Insulin is used for…
Some other names are…
Diabetes and Hypoglycemia control blood
glucose levels
Metformin(Glucophage) (oral hypoglycemic)
Glyburide (Micronase)
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
liraglutide (Victoza)
Canagliflozin (Invokana)
What is Prozac/Zoloft used for?
Some other names…
Treatment of depression
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Dexamethasone is used for __________
It’s other names are ________
Reduce the symptoms associated with chronic inflammatory disorders (Steroids)
Dexamethasone (Decadron),
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
Injectable – Methylprednisolone (Depo-Medrol)
Inhalant – Fluticasone (Flovent)
Oxycodone is used for…
Some other names are…
Pain management
Morphine
Meperidine Hydrochloride (Demerol)
Codeine,
Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
A common use for Nitroglycerin is…
Some other names are…
Treating vascular disease, hypertensive crisis or heart failure
vasodilation
……
What are the different routes of administering drugs?
1 - Oral
2 - Medication Inhalation
3 - Topical
4 - Sublingual (under tongue) or Buccal (cheek)
5 - Injection
What are some physiological responses to stress?
Increased metabolism of fats/sugars
Release of hormones
Increased blood flow and cardiac output
Stimulated central nervous system
What are some signs of stress?
Signs of Stress include;
ulcers
colds
irritability
high cholesterol
muscle stiffness
stomach issues
headaches
poor sleeping patterns
altered emotions
What is a stressful event (stressors)
Any event adding stress to life
- Unique to individuals
- recognize some are out of your control
What are some ways to deal with stress and stressors?
^ Know yourself
^ Prioritize responsibilities
^ Plan self-care
Buffers
^ Exercise
^ Healthy Nutrition
^ Yoga
^ Rest
What is ALARA?
Created to reduce the risk of the effects of radiation, keeping it as low as possible.
Only getting imaging when the benefits outweigh the risks.
What effects does radiation have on the body?
Cell death, genetic changes, carcinogenic, infertility, reddening skin, cataract, chromosome abnormalities
What methods are used to minimize radiation exposure?
- Source of radiation
- Length of radiation
- Distance from source
- Protective measures (Sheilds, Quality Control)
What is MRSA?
Bacterial infection
Antibiotic resistant
Spread through CONTACT
What is C. Diff?
Bacteria
Gives you the diarrhea
Spread through CONTACT
How are Influenza, Covid or TB spread?
Through DROPLET
