Lab and Patho - + Midterm Prep Flashcards
What is the function of the mouth?
Mechanical Digestion
What enzyme is produced in the mouth?
Amylase (salivary gland)
What does amylase do?
breaks down carbs.
What is the function of the esophagus?
to bypass the thoracic cavity
The stomach’s function is?
store and churn food
What enzymes are in the stomach and what are their functions?
pepsin - makes protein chains smaller into amino acids
HCl (Hydrochloric Acid) - breaks up food (chemical breakdown), activates enzymes
What is made in the stomach consisting of gastric juices and food?
chyme
True or False
Is the function of the duodenum chemical breakdown?
TRUE
The pancreatic juice and bile in the duodenum contains what enzymes?
Amylase
Protease
Nuclease
Lipase
Amylase breaks down ______ into _____?
carbs into glucose
What breaks down protein into amino acids?
protease
Nuclease breaks down ______ into _____?
DNA/RNA into nucleic acids
What breaks down fats into fatty acids?
lipase
What is the function of bile?
emulsify fats
(separate fats)
What is the main function of the large intestine?
absorb water
What is the liver’s function in the digestive system?
produce bile to aid in digestion
What is respiration?
exchanging of gas
When air is taken in through the lungs it’s called _______
inspiration
Oxygen replaces Carbon Dioxide in the blood in the ______
Lungs
What is expelled from the body through expiration?
C02
carbon dioxide
What does the Hypothalamus produce and what is their purpose?
ADH - stimulates kidneys to absorb water
Oxytocin - important for uterine contractions
Where are ADH and Oxytocin stored and secreted from?
Posterior Pituitary gland
What Hormones are produced in the Anterior Pituitary Gland?
FSH
LH
TSH
Prolactin
GH
ACTH
What does FSH stimulate?
Gonads to produce gametes
LH stimulates what?
gonads to make androgens
Production of milk in the mammary glands is promoted by what hormone?
prolactin
TSH stimulates what?
Thyroid to release thyroid hormones (T4, T3, Calcitonin)
Which hormone stimulates growth?
GH
(Growth hormone)
What stimulates the adrenal cortex to release hormones?
ACTH
What does the Pineal Gland produce and what does it control?
Melatonin - controls circadian rhythm (sleep cycle)
What hormones does the thyroid produce?
What is their function?
Produces T4 & T3 - regulates metabolic rate of the body
Calcitonin - decreases calcium in the blood
What increases calcium in the blood?
The Parathyroid Gland by producing PTH (parathyroid hormone)
What cells are produced in the pancreas and what do they do?
Alpha Cells INCREASE glucose
Beta Cells DECREASE glucose
The Adrenal Glands consist of ______ ______ and ______ _____
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Cortex
What does the adrenal medulla produce and what does that control?
norepinephrine & epinephrine
Fight or flight response
Where is cortisol produced and what is it?
produced in Adrenal cortex
Is the stress hormone
The adrenal cortex produces cortisol and ______
aldosterone - reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
What are the 2 gonads?
Ovaries and Testes
What hormones does the Ovary produce and their functions?
Progesterone - Uterine lining & maintaining
Estrogen - Uterine lining growth and secondary sex characteristics
The zygote produces what hormone to prevent the cycle from starting?
HCG
(Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
Testes produce what hormones?
Androgen - Testosterone is an androgen
What hormone makes sperm cells and controls secondary sex hormones?
Testosterone
What structure is in more than 1 system and what is its function within those systems?
Liver – Lymphatic - Absorption of lipids, lipid soluble vitamins & drugs
- Digestive - Produce Bile
Pancreas – Endocrine - produce, store, and secrete hormones that regulate glucose levels
- Digestive - produce and secrete pancreatic juice into duodenum
