Medical Laboratory Procedures 2 - Final

Question 1

What are 3 most common tests collected on pediatric patients?

Answer 1

• Screening cards
• Bilirubin
• CBC

Question 2

Neonatal screening allows for early detection of ….. (4)

Answer 2

• Metabolic disorders – PKU, homocystinuria, galactosemia
• Endocrine disorders - adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism
• Blood and Hgb disorders – sickle cell disease
• Other conditions – cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, immunodeficiencies

Question 3

What type of special group collection has a high risk of anemia and more frequent blood clots?

Answer 3

Geriatric patients

Question 4

What does arterial blood gas testing determine?

Answer 4

concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, along with the pH

Question 5

Know your special collections

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the warmed specimen collections?

Answer 6

~ Cryoglobulins/Cryofibrinogen

~ Cold Agglutinins

Question 7

What is the forgiveness time for therapeutic drugs?

Answer 7

± 10-15 minutes

Question 8

Stimulation testing and Tolerance testing are examples of what?

Answer 8

Timed collections

Question 9

Name 3 timed collection tests

Answer 9

◦ Blood Gases
◦ Ammonia
◦ Special Coagulation Testing
◦ Lactate
◦ ACTH
◦ BNP
◦ Platelet Aggregation
◦ Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
◦ Semen Analysis

Question 10

What is an Autologous Donation?

Answer 10

Blood donated by a patient for their own use

Question 11

Which arteries are the most common used for arterial punctures?

Answer 11

brachial - antecubital fossa, near basilic
radial - thumb side of wrist
ulnar - wrist

Question 12

List 2 complications with arterial blood collections

Answer 12

 Hemorrhage – more likely in patients with coagulation disorders or on anticoagulant therapy
 Infection - skin contaminants are easily carried to the rest of the body without encountering the immune system
 Lightheadedness, nausea, or fainting.
 Nerve damage, caused by inadvertent contact with a nerve due to the depth of the needle
 Severe pain
 Thrombosis, or clot formation, within the artery

Question 13

Capillary gas collecting is done on what area?

Answer 13

heel or finger

Question 14

Venous blood gas is collected in what tube?

Answer 14

Lithium Heparin (dark green) vacutainer

Question 15

During respiratory disturbances if the CO2 goes up, what comes down?

Answer 15

pH

therefore CO2 goes down, ph goes up

Question 16

What are 2 types of Vascular Access Devices (VADs)

Answer 16

 Central Venous Catheter (CVC)

 Implanted VAD (IVAD/Port-A-Cath)

 Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)

 Venous Arterial Blood Management System (VAMP)

 Arterial Line

 Heparin/Saline Locks

 Hemodialysis Lines

 Arteriovenous Shunt (AV SHUNT)

Question 17

What are some tests you would screen a neonate for?

Answer 17

• Metabolic disorder
• Endocrine disorders
• Blood and Hgb disorders
• cystic fibrosis
• spinal muscular atrophy

Question 18

What are the 2 most common errors with Arterial Blood Gas samples?

Answer 18

Not storing on ice
Not delivering within 5-10 minutes

Question 19

A Blood Gas analysis is testing for what?

Answer 19

Concentration of oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood
along with pH

pO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen)
pCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide)

Question 20

What are some examples of Quality Assurance Indicators?

Answer 20

 Incident Reports
 Equipment Malfunction Reports
 Variable Tracking (Duplicate tests, TAT).
 Competency Assessment
 External Proficiency Testing

Question 21

What is Quality Assurance?

Answer 21

The development of standards for procedure performance

Question 22

What is Quality Control?

Answer 22

Methods used to monitor accuracy of procedures (analytical performance)

Question 23

What are some examples of Continuous Quality Control?

Answer 23

Usually includes:
 Incident Reports, Occurrence Management Reports
 Quality Assurance Indicators
 Audits
 Variable Monitoring

Question 24

What is Quality Phlebotomy?

Answer 24

To ensure the delivery of consistent high quality patient care, specimen collection, and analysis

Question 25

What are some examples of Quality Phlebotomy?

Answer 25

Usually includes:
 Occurrence Management/Incident Reports
 Variable Monitoring
 Audits
 Accreditation

Question 26

What are competencies?

Answer 26

Ability to apply knowledge and skills

Question 27

What is an Incident Report?

Answer 27

An individual occurrence or report

Question 28

What is an accreditation?

Answer 28

A check on competencies & if the lab is following them

Question 29

What is included in documentation?

Answer 29

Training, procedures, checklists, quality control

Question 30

What is SOP?

Answer 30

Standard Operating Procedure
A way to carry out an activity or a process.

Question 31

What is Policy?

Answer 31

A written statement overall of intentions

Question 32

A Process is…

Answer 32

A step by step process for performing a task

Question 33

Audits are…

Answer 33

on site verification of a process or system to ensure COMPLIANCE TO REQUIREMENTS

Question 34

What is a DELTA CHECK?

Answer 34

A procedure that helps spot identification errors

Question 35

LIS stands for?

Answer 35

Laboratory Information Systems

Question 36

How long are Records&Requisitions kept for?

Answer 36

7 years for legal documentation

1 year for req’s
2 years for standing orders

Question 37

What tests are run on Blood Gases?

Answer 37

pCO2, pO2, pH, HCO3 (bicarb)

Question 38

What are the different kinds of Blood Gas Draws?

Answer 38

Arterial, Venous and Capillary

Question 39

Why would we run a Blood Culture test?

Answer 39

Suspicion of Sepsis or FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin)

Question 40

What are the different tubes used in Blood Cultures and how much do you collect in them?

Answer 40

Aerobic - 8-10mL
Anaerobic - 8-10mL
Fungi - 10mL
Pediatric - 4mL

Question 41

What 3 things are included in a WHMIS workplace label?

Answer 41

1. Product Identifier
2. Safe Handling + Pictograms
3. Reference to SDS