Medical Laboratory Procedures 2 - Final Flashcards
What are 3 most common tests collected on pediatric patients?
- Screening cards
- Bilirubin
- CBC
Neonatal screening allows for early detection of ….. (4)
- Metabolic disorders – PKU, homocystinuria, galactosemia
- Endocrine disorders - adrenal hyperplasia, hypothyroidism
- Blood and Hgb disorders – sickle cell disease
- Other conditions – cystic fibrosis, spinal muscular atrophy, immunodeficiencies
What type of special group collection has a high risk of anemia and more frequent blood clots?
Geriatric patients
What does arterial blood gas testing determine?
concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, along with the pH
Know your special collections
What are the warmed specimen collections?
~ Cryoglobulins/Cryofibrinogen
~ Cold Agglutinins
What is the forgiveness time for therapeutic drugs?
± 10-15 minutes
Stimulation testing and Tolerance testing are examples of what?
Timed collections
Name 3 timed collection tests
◦ Blood Gases
◦ Ammonia
◦ Special Coagulation Testing
◦ Lactate
◦ ACTH
◦ BNP
◦ Platelet Aggregation
◦ Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
◦ Semen Analysis
What is an Autologous Donation?
Blood donated by a patient for their own use
Which arteries are the most common used for arterial punctures?
brachial - antecubital fossa, near basilic
radial - thumb side of wrist
ulnar - wrist
List 2 complications with arterial blood collections
Hemorrhage – more likely in patients with coagulation disorders or on anticoagulant therapy
Infection - skin contaminants are easily carried to the rest of the body without encountering the immune system
Lightheadedness, nausea, or fainting.
Nerve damage, caused by inadvertent contact with a nerve due to the depth of the needle
Severe pain
Thrombosis, or clot formation, within the artery
Capillary gas collecting is done on what area?
heel or finger
Venous blood gas is collected in what tube?
Lithium Heparin (dark green) vacutainer
During respiratory disturbances if the CO2 goes up, what comes down?
pH
therefore CO2 goes down, ph goes up
What are 2 types of Vascular Access Devices (VADs)
Central Venous Catheter (CVC)
Implanted VAD (IVAD/Port-A-Cath)
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
Venous Arterial Blood Management System (VAMP)
Arterial Line
Heparin/Saline Locks
Hemodialysis Lines
Arteriovenous Shunt (AV SHUNT)
What are some tests you would screen a neonate for?
- Metabolic disorder
- Endocrine disorders
- Blood and Hgb disorders
- cystic fibrosis
- spinal muscular atrophy
What are the 2 most common errors with Arterial Blood Gas samples?
Not storing on ice
Not delivering within 5-10 minutes
A Blood Gas analysis is testing for what?
Concentration of oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood
along with pH
pO2 (Partial Pressure of Oxygen)
pCO2 (Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide)
What are some examples of Quality Assurance Indicators?
Incident Reports
Equipment Malfunction Reports
Variable Tracking (Duplicate tests, TAT).
Competency Assessment
External Proficiency Testing
What is Quality Assurance?
The development of standards for procedure performance
What is Quality Control?
Methods used to monitor accuracy of procedures (analytical performance)
What are some examples of Continuous Quality Control?
Usually includes:
Incident Reports, Occurrence Management Reports
Quality Assurance Indicators
Audits
Variable Monitoring
What is Quality Phlebotomy?
To ensure the delivery of consistent high quality patient care, specimen collection, and analysis
What are some examples of Quality Phlebotomy?
Usually includes:
Occurrence Management/Incident Reports
Variable Monitoring
Audits
Accreditation
What are competencies?
Ability to apply knowledge and skills
What is an Incident Report?
An individual occurrence or report
What is an accreditation?
A check on competencies & if the lab is following them
What is included in documentation?
Training, procedures, checklists, quality control
What is SOP?
Standard Operating Procedure
A way to carry out an activity or a process.
What is Policy?
A written statement overall of intentions
A Process is…
A step by step process for performing a task
Audits are…
on site verification of a process or system to ensure COMPLIANCE TO REQUIREMENTS
What is a DELTA CHECK?
A procedure that helps spot identification errors
LIS stands for?
Laboratory Information Systems
How long are Records&Requisitions kept for?
7 years for legal documentation
1 year for req’s
2 years for standing orders
What tests are run on Blood Gases?
pCO2, pO2, pH, HCO3 (bicarb)
What are the different kinds of Blood Gas Draws?
Arterial, Venous and Capillary
Why would we run a Blood Culture test?
Suspicion of Sepsis or FUO (Fever of Unknown Origin)
What are the different tubes used in Blood Cultures and how much do you collect in them?
Aerobic - 8-10mL
Anaerobic - 8-10mL
Fungi - 10mL
Pediatric - 4mL
What 3 things are included in a WHMIS workplace label?
- Product Identifier
- Safe Handling + Pictograms
- Reference to SDS
