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mcat > Practice Test 3 > Flashcards

Practice Test 3 Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

Regulates movement of water and electrolytes between gut lumen and tissue fluid compartments
-Directs secertomotor neurons that innervate mucosa in small and large intestines to control permeability of ions

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2
Q

Availability Heuristic

A

Overvaluing info based on what is readily available

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3
Q

Mimetic organization def

A

Just attempt to copy another organization

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4
Q

Normative organization def

A

Organzation in which people volunteer

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5
Q

Coercive organization

A

Organizations in which members are forced to join

Ex: Prisons

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6
Q

Utilitarian Organization

A

Members are compensated for their involvement

-Employees share membership

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7
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Facts and concepts

Ex: memorizing the word letter abbreviations of the amino acids

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8
Q

Episodic memory

A

Specific life experiences

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9
Q

Echoic memory

A

Type of sensory info that only pertains to auditory info

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10
Q

Sublimation Psyc theory

A

When person channels unacceptable urges into something more acceptable

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11
Q

Someone channels their craving to smoke into helping others to quit smoking. What psychodynamic theory is this?

A

Sublimation

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12
Q

Reaction formation def

A

Express the opposite of your true motivations or desires

Ex: Emphaticallly discussing how people should quit smoking despite wanting them to continue smoking

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13
Q

Intellectualization

A

Use of cognitive processes to separate oneself from the real problem and avoid the emotions/impulses associated with the situation
Ex: Focusing on statistics instead of the reasons behind smoking

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14
Q

Rationalization

A

When a person uses false but logical reasons to explain a feeling/desire
Ex: Person might say they’re only craving cigs because everyone is talking about quitting when that isn’t true

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15
Q

Mead’s theory of Nature components

A

I: Autonomous sense of self that reacts to the “me”
Me: COllection of attitudes taken from society

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16
Q

Gordon allport theory

A

Trait perspective of personality

Cardinal, central and secondary traits

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17
Q

Cardinal traits

A

Characteristics that direct most of person’s activities

  • Dominant trait that influence all of our behaviors
  • Influences central and secondary traits
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18
Q

Central Traits

A

Less dominant than cardinal

-Honesty, sociability, shyness

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19
Q

Secondary traits

A

Preferences or attitude

-Reluctance to eat meat

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20
Q

Hans Eyseneck Theory of personality

A

3 major dimensions of personality that encompass all traits we possess

  • Degrees we express them are different
  • Psychocitism, extroversion, neuroticism
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21
Q

Psychocitisim def Eyseneck

A

Degree to which reality is distorted

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22
Q

Extroversion def Eyseneck

A

Degree of sociability

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23
Q

Neuroticism def Eyseneck

A

Emotional stability

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24
Q

Hypothalamus role in limbic system

A

Regulates autonomic NS for fight or flight response

  • Controls endocrine system to trigger hormons
  • 4 F’s
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25
Q

Sexual dimorphism

A

Biological differences based on gender

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26
Q

Stereotype threat

A

When individuals perceive that they are expected to perform in a certain way based on a stereotype
-They follow this stereotype unwittingly

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27
Q

Inductive vs deductive reasoning

A

Inductive:nExtrapolates from individual observations to general principles
Deductive: Using general principles to lead to observations

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28
Q

Prescriptive vs descriptive reasoning

A

Pres: What an individual believes should occur
-Prescription of what will happen
Desc: What one perceives as actually occurring

29
Q

Oedipal complex

A

INdividual wants to become his mother’s primary focus of love and intimacy
-Must supplant the father

30
Q

Projection psychoanalytic theory

A

Person takes feelings about themselves and projects them onto an external source

31
Q

Repression def

A

When a person chooses not to think about a painful topic

32
Q

Transference def

A

Transferring of feelings about one relationship to another

Ex: Pt transferring childhood feelings about parents onto their therapist

33
Q

Components of world systems theory

A

Core, semi-periphery and periphery countries characterized by wealth, military strength and gov institutions

34
Q

Core nation characteristics

A

Strong central gov with tax to support it

  • Economically diversified, industrialized and independent of outside control
  • Focus on higher scope of producing material goods not raw materials
35
Q

Peripher nation characteristics

A

RElatively weak gov

  • Gov greatly influenced by core countries and global organizations
  • Economy focused on narrow economic activity like raw materials
  • High percentrage of poor/uneducated people
  • Strong upper class controls most of economy
36
Q

Semi periphery nations

A

Middle ground between core and periphery nations

  • Not dominant in international trade but very diversified and developed economy
  • Can be periphery countires that became advanced or core countries that declined
37
Q

Anchoring and adjustment heuristic

A

Tie impressions to earlier perceptions of people

Ex: Mr smith makes a judgement about John’s behavior based on what he already knew about him

38
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

People loof for most representative answer
Ex: Linda is outspoken and intelligent and majored in philiosophy and fought against discrimination
-Most people thinks she’s a feminist even tho they don’t know

39
Q

What is external attribution?

A

Situational attriubtion

40
Q

What is internal attribution

A

Dispositional attribution

41
Q

Chunking

A

Combining individual pieces of info into larger chunks so that they can be remembered easily
Ex: remembering a phone number by chunks of 3 or 4 numbers rather than remembering each number separately

42
Q

Priming def

A

Previous experiences influence current interpretations of an event
-Implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences response to another stimulus

43
Q

Eidetic memory def

A

Photographic memory

44
Q

Procedural memory def

A

Memory of how to perform tasks like riding a bike

45
Q

Social loafing def

A

When people in a group work less hard than they would individually

46
Q

Mass hysteria def

A

Collective delusional belief that something is threatening

-Spreads through fear and misinformation

47
Q

Anomie def

A

Breakdown of social bonds between an individual and community
-Society loses firm collective consciousness

48
Q

How is social anomie resolved

A

When social norms are strengthened and groups must redevelop sets of shared norms

49
Q

Social Construction theory

A

HUman activity is a product of human creations made through human choices and interactions all mediated via language.

50
Q

What is insulation groupthink

A

When members of the group will never come in contact with opposing ideas

51
Q

How would a lone dissenter affect groupthink

A

It would weaken it because alternative ideas could mess up group cohesiveness

52
Q

Crossover design for study

A

When participants participate in each group of the study

53
Q

What are the two levels of socila groups in society

A

Primary and secondary groups

54
Q

Primary group sociology def

A

Stable, lifelong relationships

-Families, childhood friends

55
Q

Secondary group sociology def

A

Temporary relationships unlikely to last

  • Coworkers at a second job
  • Neighbors when living in a temporary house
56
Q

Kohlberg’s preconventional stage characteristics

A
  1. obedience vs punishment
    - Reasoning based on consequences
  2. Individualism and self-interest
    - Doing what is right for personal gain
57
Q

Conventional stage Kholberg characteristics

A
  1. Societal norms/acceptance
    - Authority internalized but not questioned
    - Be good in order to be seen as good by others
    - Conformity
  2. Law and order/abidance
    - Maintaining social order -> follow the rules
58
Q

Post conventional kholberg characteristics

A
  1. Social contract: individual aware that laws are for greater good but can work against some people
    - Sometimes laws must be broken to reach principles
  2. Universal ethical principle
    - People develop own set of moral guidelines that may or may not fit law
59
Q

What age do people reach postconventional stage of kholberg

A

Not many people reach this stage

  • ONly people who worked against conformity to promote social welfare
  • MLK, Mandela, Ghandi
60
Q

SNOW DROP blotting techniques

A

S = southern blot
N=northern blot
W=western blot

D=DNA
R=RNA
P=Protein

61
Q

Chromaffin cells

A

Secrete epi/norepi from adrenal medulla

62
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Produce sex steroids and growth factors that aid oocyte in development
-Activated by FSH

63
Q

Sertoli cells

A

In seminiferous tubule and helps with maturation of sperm cells
-Activated by FSH

64
Q

Leydig cells

A

Found adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testicles

  • Produce testosterone and other androgens
  • Activated by LH
65
Q

Pnemonic for Leydig and sertoli cells activation

A

fSh: S stands for sertoli
Lh: L stands for leydig

66
Q

Difference between aspartate and aspartic acid structures

A

Aspartic acid has hydroxyl group protonated
Aspartate has deprotonated O on terminal functional group
-Aspartate is aspartic acid nature at physiological pH

67
Q

Osmolality def

A

Concentration of solution: total number of solute particle per kg

68
Q

Osmolality relation to ADH and BP

A

As omsolality inc, body releases ADH

-Leads to inc of in blood volume and BP

mcat (12 decks)

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