Practice Test 3 Flashcards
Enteric Nervous System
Regulates movement of water and electrolytes between gut lumen and tissue fluid compartments
-Directs secertomotor neurons that innervate mucosa in small and large intestines to control permeability of ions
Availability Heuristic
Overvaluing info based on what is readily available
Mimetic organization def
Just attempt to copy another organization
Normative organization def
Organzation in which people volunteer
Coercive organization
Organizations in which members are forced to join
Ex: Prisons
Utilitarian Organization
Members are compensated for their involvement
-Employees share membership
Semantic Memory
Facts and concepts
Ex: memorizing the word letter abbreviations of the amino acids
Episodic memory
Specific life experiences
Echoic memory
Type of sensory info that only pertains to auditory info
Sublimation Psyc theory
When person channels unacceptable urges into something more acceptable
Someone channels their craving to smoke into helping others to quit smoking. What psychodynamic theory is this?
Sublimation
Reaction formation def
Express the opposite of your true motivations or desires
Ex: Emphaticallly discussing how people should quit smoking despite wanting them to continue smoking
Intellectualization
Use of cognitive processes to separate oneself from the real problem and avoid the emotions/impulses associated with the situation
Ex: Focusing on statistics instead of the reasons behind smoking
Rationalization
When a person uses false but logical reasons to explain a feeling/desire
Ex: Person might say they’re only craving cigs because everyone is talking about quitting when that isn’t true
Mead’s theory of Nature components
I: Autonomous sense of self that reacts to the “me”
Me: COllection of attitudes taken from society
Gordon allport theory
Trait perspective of personality
Cardinal, central and secondary traits
Cardinal traits
Characteristics that direct most of person’s activities
- Dominant trait that influence all of our behaviors
- Influences central and secondary traits
Central Traits
Less dominant than cardinal
-Honesty, sociability, shyness
Secondary traits
Preferences or attitude
-Reluctance to eat meat
Hans Eyseneck Theory of personality
3 major dimensions of personality that encompass all traits we possess
- Degrees we express them are different
- Psychocitism, extroversion, neuroticism
Psychocitisim def Eyseneck
Degree to which reality is distorted
Extroversion def Eyseneck
Degree of sociability
Neuroticism def Eyseneck
Emotional stability
Hypothalamus role in limbic system
Regulates autonomic NS for fight or flight response
- Controls endocrine system to trigger hormons
- 4 F’s
Sexual dimorphism
Biological differences based on gender
Stereotype threat
When individuals perceive that they are expected to perform in a certain way based on a stereotype
-They follow this stereotype unwittingly
Inductive vs deductive reasoning
Inductive:nExtrapolates from individual observations to general principles
Deductive: Using general principles to lead to observations
Prescriptive vs descriptive reasoning
Pres: What an individual believes should occur
-Prescription of what will happen
Desc: What one perceives as actually occurring
Oedipal complex
INdividual wants to become his mother’s primary focus of love and intimacy
-Must supplant the father
Projection psychoanalytic theory
Person takes feelings about themselves and projects them onto an external source
Repression def
When a person chooses not to think about a painful topic
Transference def
Transferring of feelings about one relationship to another
Ex: Pt transferring childhood feelings about parents onto their therapist
Components of world systems theory
Core, semi-periphery and periphery countries characterized by wealth, military strength and gov institutions
Core nation characteristics
Strong central gov with tax to support it
- Economically diversified, industrialized and independent of outside control
- Focus on higher scope of producing material goods not raw materials
Peripher nation characteristics
RElatively weak gov
- Gov greatly influenced by core countries and global organizations
- Economy focused on narrow economic activity like raw materials
- High percentrage of poor/uneducated people
- Strong upper class controls most of economy
Semi periphery nations
Middle ground between core and periphery nations
- Not dominant in international trade but very diversified and developed economy
- Can be periphery countires that became advanced or core countries that declined
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic
Tie impressions to earlier perceptions of people
Ex: Mr smith makes a judgement about John’s behavior based on what he already knew about him
Representativeness heuristic
People loof for most representative answer
Ex: Linda is outspoken and intelligent and majored in philiosophy and fought against discrimination
-Most people thinks she’s a feminist even tho they don’t know
What is external attribution?
Situational attriubtion
What is internal attribution
Dispositional attribution
Chunking
Combining individual pieces of info into larger chunks so that they can be remembered easily
Ex: remembering a phone number by chunks of 3 or 4 numbers rather than remembering each number separately
Priming def
Previous experiences influence current interpretations of an event
-Implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus influences response to another stimulus
Eidetic memory def
Photographic memory
Procedural memory def
Memory of how to perform tasks like riding a bike
Social loafing def
When people in a group work less hard than they would individually
Mass hysteria def
Collective delusional belief that something is threatening
-Spreads through fear and misinformation
Anomie def
Breakdown of social bonds between an individual and community
-Society loses firm collective consciousness
How is social anomie resolved
When social norms are strengthened and groups must redevelop sets of shared norms
Social Construction theory
HUman activity is a product of human creations made through human choices and interactions all mediated via language.
What is insulation groupthink
When members of the group will never come in contact with opposing ideas
How would a lone dissenter affect groupthink
It would weaken it because alternative ideas could mess up group cohesiveness
Crossover design for study
When participants participate in each group of the study
What are the two levels of socila groups in society
Primary and secondary groups
Primary group sociology def
Stable, lifelong relationships
-Families, childhood friends
Secondary group sociology def
Temporary relationships unlikely to last
- Coworkers at a second job
- Neighbors when living in a temporary house
Kohlberg’s preconventional stage characteristics
- obedience vs punishment
- Reasoning based on consequences - Individualism and self-interest
- Doing what is right for personal gain
Conventional stage Kholberg characteristics
- Societal norms/acceptance
- Authority internalized but not questioned
- Be good in order to be seen as good by others
- Conformity - Law and order/abidance
- Maintaining social order -> follow the rules
Post conventional kholberg characteristics
- Social contract: individual aware that laws are for greater good but can work against some people
- Sometimes laws must be broken to reach principles - Universal ethical principle
- People develop own set of moral guidelines that may or may not fit law
What age do people reach postconventional stage of kholberg
Not many people reach this stage
- ONly people who worked against conformity to promote social welfare
- MLK, Mandela, Ghandi
SNOW DROP blotting techniques
S = southern blot
N=northern blot
W=western blot
D=DNA
R=RNA
P=Protein
Chromaffin cells
Secrete epi/norepi from adrenal medulla
Granulosa cells
Produce sex steroids and growth factors that aid oocyte in development
-Activated by FSH
Sertoli cells
In seminiferous tubule and helps with maturation of sperm cells
-Activated by FSH
Leydig cells
Found adjacent to seminiferous tubules in testicles
- Produce testosterone and other androgens
- Activated by LH
Pnemonic for Leydig and sertoli cells activation
fSh: S stands for sertoli
Lh: L stands for leydig
Difference between aspartate and aspartic acid structures
Aspartic acid has hydroxyl group protonated
Aspartate has deprotonated O on terminal functional group
-Aspartate is aspartic acid nature at physiological pH
Osmolality def
Concentration of solution: total number of solute particle per kg
Osmolality relation to ADH and BP
As omsolality inc, body releases ADH
-Leads to inc of in blood volume and BP
