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RUSVM Pathology 3rd Semester > Practice Questions Test 2 (Deck 4) > Flashcards

Practice Questions Test 2 (Deck 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of INFLAMMATION?

A

Calor (heat)

Rubor (redness)

Tumor (swelling)

Dolor (pain)

Laesa (loss of function)

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2
Q

What 4 substances cause vasodilation leading to calor (heat) in inflammation?

A

Nitric oxide

PGD2

Bradykinin

LTB4

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3
Q

What 6 substances are responsible for tumor (swelling) in inflammation by

increasing vascular permeability

and

inducing release of blood and plasma into damaged tissues?

A

Histamine

C3a

C5a

PGE2

IL-1

TNF

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4
Q

Bradykinin and PGE2

are responsible for stimulation of neuronal pathways

causing this cardinal sign of inflammation.

A

Bradykinin and PGE2

cause

DOLOR (PAIN)

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5
Q

What substance is responsible for causing

calor (heat) and dolor (pain)

in inflammation?

A

Bradykinin

causes dolor and calor (pain and heat)

BCD

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6
Q

What substance is responsible for causing

Tumor (swelling) and Dolor (pain)

in inflammation?

A

PGE2

causes

Tumor and Dolor (Swelling and Pain)

TED

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7
Q

The 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are more common in what type of inflammation?

A

Acute inflammation

NOT chronic

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8
Q

What is proud flesh?

A

A condition of horses

where failure to eliminate the injurious agent causing inflammation

causes the

excessive deposition of scar tissue

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9
Q

Reperfusion injury

Anaphylaxis

and

Eosinophilic stomatitis

are disorders where the mechanism of injury is

____________

A

inflammation

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10
Q

What are 5 diseases that are

exacerbated by inflammation?

A

Vegetative Valvular Endocarditis

Porcine Circovirus 2

Mannhaemia hemolytica pneumonia

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium avium (intracelularis paratuberculosis/ Johne’s dz)

VPMMM

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Vegetative valvular endocarditis in a cow

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12
Q

What’s going on with this cat? What is this called?

A

Rodent Ulcer

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13
Q

What is the MDx?

A

Eosinophilic chelitis

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14
Q

Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex

is better known as

A

Rodent Ulcer

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15
Q

Flame figures

seen in histology of a swab of the oral mucosa of a cat

are indicative of what important inflammatory disorder?

A

Rodent Ulcer

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16
Q

Small foci of collagen fibers expanded by edema and surrounded by degenerated eosinophils are called

A

Flame figures

seen in

Rodent Ulcer in cats

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17
Q

How is Rodent Ulcer, or “eosinophilic chelitis” treated?

A

With steroids

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18
Q

What’s this condition called?

What is the etiology?

A

Johne’s Disease

Etiology: M. avium paratuberculosis

19
Q

What’s the MDx?

A

Diffuse, severe, granulomatous enteritis

in Johne’s disease

caused by

M. avium paratuberculosis

20
Q

Foamy looking macrophages in the lamina propria of the small intestines is characteristic of what important inflammatory disease?

A

Johne’s Disease

This presents with diarrhea

21
Q

**Hypoproteinemia **precedes emaciation and then death in what disease?

A

Johne’s Disease

22
Q

Malabsorption of _______ _______

in Johne’s Disease results in diarrhea

A

amino acids

23
Q

The presence of

Edema

Fibrin

WBC emigration

characterizes

________ inflammation

A

Acute inflammation

24
Q

The presence of

Leukocytes

Macrophages

FIBROSIS

are characteristics of

________ inflammation

A

Chronic inflammation

25
Q

Got it?

A

GOOD

26
Q

PRR’s or pattern recognition receptors are important for triggering acute inflammation. What is the

most important family of PRR’s?

A

TLRs!

toll like receptors

27
Q

PAMP’s are

_________ ________ _________

recognized by TLRs

A

exogenous microbial products

28
Q

The interaction between **PAMPs and TLR **causes

A

the release of inflammatory cytokines

29
Q

What are the 3 ACUTE inflammatory cytokines?

A

IL1

TNF-a

Interferon (IFN)

30
Q

LPS, Lipotechoic acid, and Lipoarabinomannon

are PAMPs recognized by which

TLR?

A

TLR 4

31
Q

What PAMP does **TLR2 **recognize?

A

Lipoarabinomannon

32
Q

What is hyperemia?

A

Increased vascular flow causing

CALOR (heat) and vasodilation

33
Q

What are the steps of extravasation of WBC’s in acute inflammation?

A

MRAT

Margination

Rolling

Activation and Adhesion

Transmigration

34
Q

Selectins and cytokines

mediate which step of WBC extravasation

A

Margination (Tethering)

35
Q

The ROLLING step of WBC extravasation

is mediated by

_________ and _________

A

Selectins and Integrins

36
Q

**Integrins **and Chemokines

mediate what step of WBC extravasation?

A

Activation and Adhesion

37
Q

The last step of WBC extravasation

Transmigration

is mediated by what?

A

PCAM (CD31)

38
Q

**Selectins **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?

A

Margination

Rolling

39
Q

**Integrins **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?

A

Rolling

Activation/Adhesion

40
Q

**Chemokines **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?

A

Margination

Activation/Adhesion

41
Q

This disease is due to a

B2 integrin (CD18) mutation

in

**Holsteins **and Irish Setters

A

LAD

Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency

(integrins and chemokines)

42
Q

The process in which WBCs migrate to injured tissues via a

chemical gradient

A

Chemotaxis

43
Q

What are the

endogenous chemical mediators of chemotaxis?

A

C5a

LTB4

Cytokines

44
Q

What does the body release as a stop signal to terminate acute inflammation?

A

Lipoxins from arachidonic acid

TFG-B

are anti-inflammatory

RUSVM Pathology 3rd Semester (12 decks)

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