Practice Questions Test 2 (Deck 4) Flashcards
What are the 5 cardinal signs of INFLAMMATION?
Calor (heat)
Rubor (redness)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Laesa (loss of function)
What 4 substances cause vasodilation leading to calor (heat) in inflammation?
Nitric oxide
PGD2
Bradykinin
LTB4
What 6 substances are responsible for tumor (swelling) in inflammation by
increasing vascular permeability
and
inducing release of blood and plasma into damaged tissues?
Histamine
C3a
C5a
PGE2
IL-1
TNF
Bradykinin and PGE2
are responsible for stimulation of neuronal pathways
causing this cardinal sign of inflammation.
Bradykinin and PGE2
cause
DOLOR (PAIN)
What substance is responsible for causing
calor (heat) and dolor (pain)
in inflammation?
Bradykinin
causes dolor and calor (pain and heat)
BCD
What substance is responsible for causing
Tumor (swelling) and Dolor (pain)
in inflammation?
PGE2
causes
Tumor and Dolor (Swelling and Pain)
TED
The 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are more common in what type of inflammation?
Acute inflammation
NOT chronic
What is proud flesh?
A condition of horses
where failure to eliminate the injurious agent causing inflammation
causes the
excessive deposition of scar tissue
Reperfusion injury
Anaphylaxis
and
Eosinophilic stomatitis
are disorders where the mechanism of injury is
____________
inflammation
What are 5 diseases that are
exacerbated by inflammation?
Vegetative Valvular Endocarditis
Porcine Circovirus 2
Mannhaemia hemolytica pneumonia
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium avium (intracelularis paratuberculosis/ Johne’s dz)
VPMMM
What is this?
Vegetative valvular endocarditis in a cow
What’s going on with this cat? What is this called?
Rodent Ulcer
What is the MDx?
Eosinophilic chelitis
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex
is better known as
Rodent Ulcer
Flame figures
seen in histology of a swab of the oral mucosa of a cat
are indicative of what important inflammatory disorder?
Rodent Ulcer
Small foci of collagen fibers expanded by edema and surrounded by degenerated eosinophils are called
Flame figures
seen in
Rodent Ulcer in cats
How is Rodent Ulcer, or “eosinophilic chelitis” treated?
With steroids
What’s this condition called?
What is the etiology?
Johne’s Disease
Etiology: M. avium paratuberculosis
What’s the MDx?
Diffuse, severe, granulomatous enteritis
in Johne’s disease
caused by
M. avium paratuberculosis
Foamy looking macrophages in the lamina propria of the small intestines is characteristic of what important inflammatory disease?
Johne’s Disease
This presents with diarrhea
**Hypoproteinemia **precedes emaciation and then death in what disease?
Johne’s Disease
Malabsorption of _______ _______
in Johne’s Disease results in diarrhea
amino acids
The presence of
Edema
Fibrin
WBC emigration
characterizes
________ inflammation
Acute inflammation
The presence of
Leukocytes
Macrophages
FIBROSIS
are characteristics of
________ inflammation
Chronic inflammation
Got it?
GOOD
PRR’s or pattern recognition receptors are important for triggering acute inflammation. What is the
most important family of PRR’s?
TLRs!
toll like receptors
PAMP’s are
_________ ________ _________
recognized by TLRs
exogenous microbial products
The interaction between **PAMPs and TLR **causes
the release of inflammatory cytokines
What are the 3 ACUTE inflammatory cytokines?
IL1
TNF-a
Interferon (IFN)
LPS, Lipotechoic acid, and Lipoarabinomannon
are PAMPs recognized by which
TLR?
TLR 4
What PAMP does **TLR2 **recognize?
Lipoarabinomannon
What is hyperemia?
Increased vascular flow causing
CALOR (heat) and vasodilation
What are the steps of extravasation of WBC’s in acute inflammation?
MRAT
Margination
Rolling
Activation and Adhesion
Transmigration
Selectins and cytokines
mediate which step of WBC extravasation
Margination (Tethering)
The ROLLING step of WBC extravasation
is mediated by
_________ and _________
Selectins and Integrins
**Integrins **and Chemokines
mediate what step of WBC extravasation?
Activation and Adhesion
The last step of WBC extravasation
Transmigration
is mediated by what?
PCAM (CD31)
**Selectins **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?
Margination
Rolling
**Integrins **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?
Rolling
Activation/Adhesion
**Chemokines **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?
Margination
Activation/Adhesion
This disease is due to a
B2 integrin (CD18) mutation
in
**Holsteins **and Irish Setters
LAD
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
(integrins and chemokines)
The process in which WBCs migrate to injured tissues via a
chemical gradient
Chemotaxis
What are the
endogenous chemical mediators of chemotaxis?
C5a
LTB4
Cytokines
What does the body release as a stop signal to terminate acute inflammation?
Lipoxins from arachidonic acid
TFG-B
are anti-inflammatory
