Practice Questions Test 2 (Deck 4) Flashcards by Preeti Gulve

What are the 5 cardinal signs of INFLAMMATION?

Calor (heat)

Rubor (redness)

Tumor (swelling)

Dolor (pain)

Laesa (loss of function)

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What 4 substances cause vasodilation leading to calor (heat) in inflammation?

Nitric oxide

PGD2

Bradykinin

LTB4

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What 6 substances are responsible for tumor (swelling) in inflammation by

increasing vascular permeability

and

inducing release of blood and plasma into damaged tissues?

Histamine

C3a

C5a

PGE2

IL-1

TNF

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Bradykinin and PGE2

are responsible for stimulation of neuronal pathways

causing this cardinal sign of inflammation.

Bradykinin and PGE2

cause

DOLOR (PAIN)

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What substance is responsible for causing

calor (heat) and dolor (pain)

in inflammation?

Bradykinin

causes dolor and calor (pain and heat)

BCD

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What substance is responsible for causing

Tumor (swelling) and Dolor (pain)

in inflammation?

PGE2

causes

Tumor and Dolor (Swelling and Pain)

TED

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The 5 cardinal signs of inflammation are more common in what type of inflammation?

Acute inflammation

NOT chronic

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What is proud flesh?

A condition of horses

where failure to eliminate the injurious agent causing inflammation

causes the

excessive deposition of scar tissue

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Reperfusion injury

Anaphylaxis

and

Eosinophilic stomatitis

are disorders where the mechanism of injury is

____________

inflammation

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What are 5 diseases that are

exacerbated by inflammation?

Vegetative Valvular Endocarditis

Porcine Circovirus 2

Mannhaemia hemolytica pneumonia

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium avium (intracelularis paratuberculosis/ Johne’s dz)

VPMMM

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What is this?

Vegetative valvular endocarditis in a cow

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What’s going on with this cat? What is this called?

Rodent Ulcer

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What is the MDx?

Eosinophilic chelitis

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Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex

is better known as

Rodent Ulcer

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Flame figures

seen in histology of a swab of the oral mucosa of a cat

are indicative of what important inflammatory disorder?

Rodent Ulcer

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Small foci of collagen fibers expanded by edema and surrounded by degenerated eosinophils are called

Flame figures

seen in

Rodent Ulcer in cats

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How is Rodent Ulcer, or “eosinophilic chelitis” treated?

With steroids

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What’s this condition called?

What is the etiology?

Johne’s Disease

Etiology: M. avium paratuberculosis

What’s the MDx?

Diffuse, severe, granulomatous enteritis

in Johne’s disease

caused by

M. avium paratuberculosis

Foamy looking macrophages in the lamina propria of the small intestines is characteristic of what important inflammatory disease?

Johne’s Disease

This presents with diarrhea

**Hypoproteinemia **precedes emaciation and then death in what disease?

Johne’s Disease

Malabsorption of _______ _______

in Johne’s Disease results in diarrhea

amino acids

The presence of

Edema

Fibrin

WBC emigration

characterizes

________ inflammation

Acute inflammation

The presence of

Leukocytes

Macrophages

FIBROSIS

are characteristics of

________ inflammation

Chronic inflammation

Got it?

GOOD

PRR's or pattern recognition receptors are important for triggering acute inflammation. What is the ## Footnote **most important family of PRR's?**

**TLRs!** **toll like receptors**

PAMP's are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ recognized by TLRs

_exogenous_ _microbial_ _products_

The interaction between **PAMPs and TLR **causes

**the release of inflammatory cytokines**

What are the 3 **ACUTE inflammatory cytokines**?

**IL1** **TNF-a** **Interferon (IFN)**

**LPS, Lipotechoic acid, and Lipoarabinomannon** are PAMPs recognized by which TLR?

**TLR 4**

What PAMP does **TLR2 **recognize?

Lipoarabinomannon

What is **hyperemia**?

Increased **vascular flow** causing CALOR (heat) and vasodilation

What are the steps of extravasation of WBC's in acute inflammation?

**MRAT** **Margination** **Rolling** **Activation and Adhesion** **Transmigration**

**Selectins and cytokines** mediate which step of WBC extravasation

Margination (Tethering)

The ROLLING step of WBC extravasation is mediated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

_Selectins_ and _Integrins_

**Integrins **and **Chemokines** mediate what step of WBC extravasation?

Activation and Adhesion

The last step of WBC extravasation **Transmigration** is mediated by what?

**PCAM (CD31)**

**Selectins **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?

**Margination** **Rolling**

**Integrins **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?

**Rolling** **Activation/Adhesion**

**Chemokines **mediate what 2 steps of WBC extravasation?

**Margination** **Activation/Adhesion**

This disease is due to a **B2 integrin (CD18) mutation** in **Holsteins **and **Irish Setters**

**LAD** **Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency** (integrins and chemokines)

The process in which WBCs migrate to injured tissues via a ## Footnote **chemical gradient**

**Chemotaxis**

What are the ## Footnote **endogenous chemical mediators of chemotaxis?**

**C5a** **LTB4** **Cytokines**

What does the body release as a **stop signal** to terminate acute inflammation?

**Lipoxins** from arachidonic acid **TFG-B** are anti-inflammatory