Practice Questions Test 2 (2nd Deck)

Question 1

Caratenoid pigment and Tetracycline are

________ pigments

Answer 1

Exogenous pigments

Question 2

Which species have caratenoid pigment in their plasma/serum and fat?

Answer 2

Horses

Dogs

Cattle (Jersey and Guernsey)

Question 3

Which pigment is deposited in dentin, enamel, and cementum and in high doses can cause

enamel hypoplasia?

Answer 3

Tetracycline

Question 4

Which pigment is found in the

pia arachnoid of Suffolk sheep?

Answer 4

Melanin

Question 5

Which pigment is found in the oral mucous membranes of cow species like the Jersey cow, and dog species, like the Chow?

Answer 5

Melanin

Question 6

In order to be formed, melanin requires oxidation of

________ by ________

Answer 6

Tyrosine by Tyrosinase

Question 7

If an animal is lacking

tyrosinase

what is its’ condition called?

Answer 7

Albinism

Question 8

Copper deficiency affects cattle and sheep and is

associated with

high _______ in water.

Answer 8

Copper deficiency affects cattle and sheep and is

associated with

high sulfur in water.

Question 9

What stain is used to identify melanin in histology?

Answer 9

Masson-Fontana

Question 10

This pigment is found in lysosomes as the end result of autophagocytosis of cell constituents. It is known as the “wear and tear” pigment.

Answer 10

Lipofuscin

Question 11

What stain is used to ID Lipofuscin in histology?

Answer 11

PAS stain

Question 12

What kind of cells are you most likely to find Lipofuscin in?

Answer 12

Permanent or Slow-dividing Cells

Neurons

Skeletal Muscle

Cardiac Muscle

Question 13

What is the normal pigment of Red blood cells?

Answer 13

Hemoglobin

Question 14

What is it called when a patient’s skin appears blue because of non-oxygenated hemoglobin?

Answer 14

Cyanosis

Question 15

What pigment is responsible for storing Iron?

Answer 15

Hemosiderin

Question 16

What does ferritin do when there is an excess of iron?

Answer 16

Ferritin forms

hemosiderin granules

when there is an excess of iron

Question 17

Where is the pigment Hemosiderin found?

Answer 17

Hemosiderin is found in

• mononuclear phagocytes of the*
• bone marrow*
• spleen*
• and liver*

Question 18

T/F:

Hemosiderosis is a toxic pathological condition

Answer 18

FALSE

HemoCHROMatosis

is the toxic condition

Question 19

The accumulation of hemosiderin ferritin micelles is called

Answer 19

Hemosiderosis

Question 20

Overloads of hemosiderin in

parenchymal cells of the liver

is called

Answer 20

Hemochromatosis

Question 21

T/F:

Hemochromatosis is an inherited condition

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

What causes cell injury and tissue damage

in Hemochromatosis?

Answer 22

1. Free radical induced lipid peroxidation
2. Increased lysosomal membrane fragility

Question 23

In Humans, Hemochromatosis is caused by a mutation in which gene?

Answer 23

HFE-1

Question 24

Saler’s cattle are predisposed to what pigment related toxic accumulation disease?

Answer 24

Hemochromatosis

Question 25

What is used to stain Hemosiderin?

Answer 25

Prussian Blue is used for Hemosiderin

Question 26

T/F: Bilirubin is a normal pigment found in bile with high concentrations of iron

Answer 26

FALSE Bilirubin is derived from hemoglobin but **HAS NO IRON**

Question 27

Which pigment is seen as the end product of *heme degradation*?

Answer 27

Bilirubin

Question 28

T/F: Bilirubin is normally found in plasma

Answer 28

TRUE Low concentrations of bilirubin are found in plasma due to breakdown of senescent cells

Question 29

Jaundice is a pathology associated with what pigment?

Answer 29

Bilirubin (An excess of bilirubin in cells and tissues)

Question 30

A patient is experiencing icterus (jaundice). After taking a blood sample, you find **unconjugated bilirubin** in the blood. Where is the problem?

Answer 30

Unconjugated bilirubin is indicative of **prehepatic or hepatic** mechanisms producing excess bilirubin such as **reduced uptake** or **impaired conjugation**

Question 31

A patient is experiencing icterus (jaundice). After taking a blood sample, you find **conjugated bilirubin** in the blood. Where is the problem?

Answer 31

Conjugated bilirubin is indicative of **hepatic or POSThepatic** mechanisms due to **Decreased excretion** or **Impaired bile flow**

Question 32

T/F: Hyperbilirubinemia can be present without Icterus

Answer 32

TRUE Icterus is only present when **1.5 - 2.0 mg/ 100 mL** concentration in the blood

Question 33

Which pigment is associated with **parasitic infections**?

Answer 33

Hematin

Question 34

T/F: Hematin is seen in cases of *Fasciola hepatica *

Answer 34

FALSE!!! Hematin is seen in *Fascioloides magna* a liver fluke in the hepatic parenchyma and also in macques infected with *Pneumonyssus simicola*

Question 35

What pigment is found in *siderodic plaques**?*

Answer 35

Hematoidin

Question 36

T/F: Hematin is found in siderodic plaques

Answer 36

FALSE **Hematoidin** is found in siderodic plaques

Question 37

What is the name of the rare congenital disorder that causes **pink tooth**?

Answer 37

Porphyria

Question 38

Which breeds of cattle are predisposed to *Congenital erythropoietic porphyria*?

Answer 38

Hereford and Holstein

Question 39

**Porphyria** is a rare congenital disorder caused by a defect in what?

Answer 39

***_Uroporphyrinogen 3 Cosynthase_***

Question 40

Where is porphyria accumulation seen?

Answer 40

In the kidney cortex

Question 41

The deposition of calcium phosphate in necrotic tissue is called?

Answer 41

**Dystrophic **calcification

Question 42

Chronic pancreatitis calcification and Atherosclerotic plaques are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ calcification.

Answer 42

Chronic pancreatitis calcification and Atherosclerotic plaques are examples of _dystrophic_ calcification.

Question 43

How is calcium stained?

Answer 43

Using **Alzarin** or **Van Kossa**

Question 44

Calcification related to *mycobacterium* is called?

Answer 44

**Metastatic** calcification

Question 45

The deposition of calcium into **normal tissues** is called?

Answer 45

**Metastatic **calcification

Question 46

Johnes Disease in Cattle and Calcification of renal tubular basement membrane are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ calcification

Answer 46

_Metastatic_

Question 47

Metastatic calcification is due to increased serum calcium and/or \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

_phosphate_

Question 48

**What are the 4 causes of ** **Metastatic Calcification** **in Vet Med?**

Answer 48

1. *Renal Failure* 2. Ingestion of *Cestrum Diurnum* or *Cholecalciferol* 3. PTH problems 1. *Lymphomas* 2. Canine ACA of *anal sac glands* 4. Primary or metastatic *neoplasms*