Practice Questions Test 2 (2nd Deck) Flashcards
Caratenoid pigment and Tetracycline are
________ pigments
Exogenous pigments
Which species have caratenoid pigment in their plasma/serum and fat?
Horses
Dogs
Cattle (Jersey and Guernsey)
Which pigment is deposited in dentin, enamel, and cementum and in high doses can cause
enamel hypoplasia?
Tetracycline
Which pigment is found in the
pia arachnoid of Suffolk sheep?
Melanin
Which pigment is found in the oral mucous membranes of cow species like the Jersey cow, and dog species, like the Chow?
Melanin
In order to be formed, melanin requires oxidation of
________ by ________
Tyrosine by Tyrosinase
If an animal is lacking
tyrosinase
what is its’ condition called?
Albinism
Copper deficiency affects cattle and sheep and is
associated with
high _______ in water.
Copper deficiency affects cattle and sheep and is
associated with
high sulfur in water.
What stain is used to identify melanin in histology?
Masson-Fontana
This pigment is found in lysosomes as the end result of autophagocytosis of cell constituents. It is known as the “wear and tear” pigment.
Lipofuscin
What stain is used to ID Lipofuscin in histology?
PAS stain
What kind of cells are you most likely to find Lipofuscin in?
Permanent or Slow-dividing Cells
Neurons
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
What is the normal pigment of Red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
What is it called when a patient’s skin appears blue because of non-oxygenated hemoglobin?
Cyanosis
What pigment is responsible for storing Iron?
Hemosiderin
What does ferritin do when there is an excess of iron?
Ferritin forms
hemosiderin granules
when there is an excess of iron
Where is the pigment Hemosiderin found?
Hemosiderin is found in
- mononuclear phagocytes of the*
- bone marrow*
- spleen*
- and liver*
T/F:
Hemosiderosis is a toxic pathological condition
FALSE
HemoCHROMatosis
is the toxic condition
The accumulation of hemosiderin ferritin micelles is called
Hemosiderosis
Overloads of hemosiderin in
parenchymal cells of the liver
is called
Hemochromatosis
T/F:
Hemochromatosis is an inherited condition
TRUE
What causes cell injury and tissue damage
in Hemochromatosis?
- Free radical induced lipid peroxidation
- Increased lysosomal membrane fragility
In Humans, Hemochromatosis is caused by a mutation in which gene?
HFE-1
Saler’s cattle are predisposed to what pigment related toxic accumulation disease?
Hemochromatosis
What is used to stain Hemosiderin?
Prussian Blue
is used for Hemosiderin
T/F:
Bilirubin is a normal pigment found in bile with high concentrations of iron
FALSE
Bilirubin is derived from hemoglobin but
HAS NO IRON
Which pigment is seen as the end product of
heme degradation?
Bilirubin
T/F:
Bilirubin is normally found in plasma
TRUE
Low concentrations of bilirubin are found in plasma
due to breakdown of
senescent cells
Jaundice is a pathology associated with what pigment?
Bilirubin
(An excess of bilirubin in cells and tissues)
A patient is experiencing icterus (jaundice). After taking a blood sample, you find
unconjugated bilirubin
in the blood.
Where is the problem?
Unconjugated bilirubin is indicative of
prehepatic or hepatic
mechanisms producing excess bilirubin
such as
reduced uptake
or
impaired conjugation
A patient is experiencing icterus (jaundice). After taking a blood sample, you find
conjugated bilirubin
in the blood.
Where is the problem?
Conjugated bilirubin is indicative of
hepatic or POSThepatic
mechanisms due to
Decreased excretion
or
Impaired bile flow
T/F:
Hyperbilirubinemia can be present without Icterus
TRUE
Icterus is only present when
1.5 - 2.0 mg/ 100 mL
concentration in the blood
Which pigment is associated with
parasitic infections?
Hematin
T/F:
Hematin is seen in cases of *Fasciola hepatica *
FALSE!!!
Hematin is seen in Fascioloides magna
a liver fluke in the hepatic parenchyma
and also in macques infected with
Pneumonyssus simicola
What pigment is found in
siderodic plaques**?
Hematoidin
T/F:
Hematin is found in siderodic plaques
FALSE
Hematoidin is found in siderodic plaques
What is the name of the rare congenital disorder that causes pink tooth?
Porphyria
Which breeds of cattle are predisposed to
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria?
Hereford and Holstein
Porphyria
is a rare congenital disorder
caused by a defect in what?
Uroporphyrinogen 3 Cosynthase
Where is porphyria accumulation seen?
In the kidney cortex
The deposition of calcium phosphate in necrotic tissue is called?
**Dystrophic **calcification
Chronic pancreatitis calcification
and
Atherosclerotic plaques
are examples of
________ calcification.
Chronic pancreatitis calcification
and
Atherosclerotic plaques
are examples of
dystrophic calcification.
How is calcium stained?
Using
Alzarin
or
Van Kossa
Calcification related to
mycobacterium
is called?
Metastatic calcification
The deposition of calcium into normal tissues
is called?
**Metastatic **calcification
Johnes Disease in Cattle
and
Calcification of renal tubular basement membrane
are examples of
_______ calcification
Metastatic
Metastatic calcification is due to
increased serum
calcium and/or _______
phosphate
**What are the 4 causes of **
Metastatic Calcification
in Vet Med?
- Renal Failure
- Ingestion of Cestrum Diurnum or Cholecalciferol
- PTH problems
- Lymphomas
- Canine ACA of anal sac glands
- Primary or metastatic neoplasms
