Intro to Pathology

Question 1

Abnormal body process with or without characteristic signs

Answer 1

Disease

Question 2

Who is the father of modern pathology?

Answer 2

Rudolph Virchow

Question 3

What are the four aspects of the disease process that form the core of pathology?

Answer 3

Etiology Pathogenesis Molecular and Morphological Changes Clinical Manifestations

Question 4

The cause of the disease

Answer 4

Etiology

Question 5

What are the two major classes of Etiology?

Answer 5

Genetic (intrinsic) and Acquired (extrinsic)

Question 6

Inherited mutations, disease-associated gene variants and polymorphisms are under which Etiology class?

Answer 6

Genetic (intrinsic)

Question 7

Infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical causes of a disease are under which Etiology class?

Answer 7

Acquired (extrinsic)

Question 8

The mechanisms of disease development are referred to as…

Answer 8

Pathogenesis A sequence of events from initial to ultimate expression

Question 9

Biochemical and structural alterations induced in the cells and organs of the body refers to…

Answer 9

Molecular and morphological changes

Question 10

Results of genetic, biochemical & structural changes in cells and tissues

Answer 10

Clinical manifestations

Question 11

Clinical History and Clinical Signs

3 week old puppy

Anorexia

Dyspnea

Abdominal pain upon palpation

Normal rectal temperature

What is the MDx?

What is the EDx?

Answer 11

MDx: Multifocal, acute, necrohemorrhagic nephritis

EDx: Herpesviral nephritis

Question 12

Clinical History and Clinical Signs

3 week old puppy

Anorexia

Dyspnea

Abdominal pain upon palpation

Normal rectal temperature

What is the Etiology?

Answer 12

Canine Herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1)

Question 13

Clinical History and Clinical Signs

3 week old puppy

Anorexia

Dyspnea

Abdominal pain upon palpation

Normal rectal temperature

What is the pathogenesis?

Answer 13

Transmission of CHV-1 to pup at birth

Incubation period of up to 1-week

Virus replicates at temps lower than 98.6 F

Endothelial cell tropism

Mutifocal necrosis in numerous organs

Question 14

What is the definition of diagnosis?

Answer 14

Concise statement or conclusion
concerning the nature, cause, or name of
a disease

Question 15

Based on case history (Hx),
clinical signs,
physical examination
 May provide differential
diagnoses

Answer 15

Clinical Diagnosis

Question 16

List of diseases that could account for the
evidence or lesions of the case

Answer 16

Differential diagnosis (DDx)

Question 17

Hx: A dog that has been in a kennel the previous
days presents with dry cough and fever

What is the clinical diagnosis?

Answer 17

Upper respiratory disease

Question 18

Hx: A dog that has been in a kennel the previous
days presents with dry cough and fever

What is the Differential Diagnosis?

Answer 18

Bordetella bronchiseptica
• Canine Parainfluenza Virus (CPiV),
• type 2 Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2)
• Canine Distemper Virus (CDV).

Question 19

Based on the predominant lesion(s) in the tissue(s)

Macroscopic, Microscopic

1- location (organ tissue)
2 - distribution (focal, multifocal, locally extensive, diffuse)
3 - severity (mild, moderate, severe)
4 - duration/time (acute, chronic)
5 - nature (degenerative, inflammatory, neoplastic) of the lesion

If inflammatory remember to classify the type of exudate

Answer 19

Morphologic Diagnosis (MDx)

Question 20

It is a more definitive dx and names the specific
cause(s) of the disease

Answer 20

Etiologic Diagnosis (EDx)

Question 21

What is the MDx and EDx of this?

Answer 21

MDx: Pulmonary artery: Diffuse chronic arteritis
with intralesional nematodes (Dirofilaria immitis)

EDx: Verminous/parasitic arteritis or Dirofilarial arteritis

Question 22

What is the EDx of this?

Answer 22

Edx:
Bacterial dermatitis or Streptococcal dermatitis

Question 23

Diagnosis based on the changes observed in the chemistry of
fluids and the hematology

Answer 23

Clinical pathological diagnosis

Question 24

What does pathognomonic mean?

Answer 24

Characteristic or indicative of a specific disease