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Principles of Science BVetMed 3 > PRACTICAL: reptiles > Flashcards

PRACTICAL: reptiles Flashcards

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1
Q

What to check the rostrum of a snake for

A
  • abrasians
  • nares should be patent and clear of discharge
  • eyes clear, no opacities
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2
Q

Describe snake eyelids

A
  • no moveable eyelids
  • transparent spectacle lying over eye which protects cornea
  • when skin shed the spectacles may sometimes be retained giving surface of eye a wrinkled appearance
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3
Q

Where might mites be found on snakes?

A

around eyes, nares, heat pigs (present in some species above upper lip_

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4
Q

Describe snake ears

A

no external ears are present

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5
Q

When to examine a snake mouth?

A

end of exam (even very docile snakes!)

  • normally have an extra upper row of teeth
  • all teeth point backwards
  • MM pale pink (pigmented in some animals)
  • glottis can be easily visualised and should be observed for any mucoid discharge
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6
Q

T/F: snakes may lack a right lung

A

False - snakes may lack a leftlung

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7
Q

What is found in cranial third of snake?

A
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • thymus
  • thyroid
  • parathyroids
  • heart
  • cranial lung
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8
Q

What lies in the middle third of a snake’s body?

A
  • lung and air sac(s)
  • liver
  • stomach
  • gall bladder
  • spleen
  • pancreas
  • cranial SI
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9
Q

What lies in the caudal third of a snake’s body?

A
  • kidneys
  • repro tract
  • intestines
  • fat pads
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10
Q

How to assess snake BCS

A
  • prominence of spine and ribs

- body shape appears more triangular in thin animals

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11
Q

What should snake skin be checked for?

A
  • lesions
  • bruns
  • retained scales (especially at tail tip)
  • signs of mites
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12
Q

What should a snake vent be checked for?

A
  • any lesions
  • mites
  • MM colour
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13
Q

How to determine snake sex?

A
  • insert a lubricated probe into cloaca towards direction of tail tip
  • MALE: probe should slide in easily for a distance of > 6 scales
  • FEMALE: probe should slide in
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14
Q

How might water dragons be hard to handle?

A

particularly flighty

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15
Q

What may happen during examination of a nervous gecko?

A

may drop tails (regrow in most cases - autotomy- but may take several months and have a different appearance on regrowth)

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16
Q

Describe eyelids in lizards

A

most lizards have moveable eyelids although some species such as certain types of gecko have a spectacle instead. in those animals with a moveable eyelid, blepharitis and conjunctivitis are not uncommon, while sunken eyes may indicate dehydration

17
Q

Describe teeth in different lizards

A
  • iguanas and basilisks: shed and replace teeth regularly
  • bearded dragons and chameleons: permanent dentition so any damage to the teeth can be more significant. periodontal disease and tartar build up is also more common in these species
18
Q

Describe mouth of lizards

A
  • MM colour can be variable and may normally have a yellow tinge in lizards such as bearded dragons
  • normal tongue morphology may aso vary, with a small fork at the pale tongue tip being normal in this species
19
Q

Describe lizard coelemic cavity palpation

A
  • 2 fat pads should be easily palpated in most animals. size can gauge BCS in combination with soft tissue covering over the ribs and pelvis
  • normal organs cannot be differentiated.
  • follicles, eggs, uroliths, FBs or other masses may be palpated
  • in geckos a bright light may be shone through body wall to transilluminate internal organs
20
Q

How to determine sex in bearded dragons and leopard geckos

A

line of pores cranial to vent (more prominent in male animals and hemipenile bulges may also be visible caudal to the vent in these species

21
Q

How to determine sex of male veiled chameleons

A

have a much large casque on top of the head and small tarsal spurs

22
Q

How can you determine the sex of skinks?

A

cannot be sexed on clinical exam but require imaging

23
Q

What may joint swellings in lizards indicate?

A
  • gout
  • infection
  • trauma
24
Q

What should lizard digits be checked for?

A
  • missing nails

- retained shed skin

25
Q

Why are missing digits common in geckos?

A

secondary to dysecdysis

26
Q

Name 2 types of chelonian

A
  • tortoise

- terrapin

27
Q

Describe chelonian ears

A
  • no external ear canal

- tympanic scales can be easily visualised (check for swelling and discharge)

28
Q

T/F: chelonians lack teeth

A

True - but their keratinous beaks can be strong (overgrown if inappropriate diet or husbandry)

29
Q

What may reflect systemic health of chelonians?

A

smoothness, quality of the scutes and shell lesions

30
Q

What may carapace deformities indicate?

A
  • chronic dehydration
  • high protein levels in diet
  • MBD
  • combination of factors
31
Q

What might a red flushing of a chelonian plastron indicate?

A
  • septicaemia

- may appear slightly pink if tortoise has just been lifted off a heat mat –> recheck once cool

32
Q

Why should you squeeze the carapace and plastron?

A

adult tortoises - no flexibility should be apparent unless they have a hinge

33
Q

What might help you to auscultate a chelonian heart?

A
  • damp cloth to transmit sound b/w stethoscope and shell.

- doppler probe

34
Q

How do you judge tortoise BCS?

A
  • very subjective
  • a thin tortoise will typically feel empty when picked up
  • weight and length ratios may provide a guide of BC in some species but should not be relied upon
35
Q

How to determine sex in chelonians

A
  • difficult in juveniles
  • adult males will normally have a longer tail than females (not totally reliable)
  • longer nails on the forefeet of male red-eared terrapins
  • differences in iris colour in Eastern box turtles (males have red iris, females have brown iris)
36
Q

How should you check the limbs of a chelonian?

A
  • all 4 to be palpated and manipulated thoroughly
  • animal should resist
  • should be difficult to fully extend each limb out from shell
  • surface of feet and nails checked for any lesions

Principles of Science BVetMed 3 (110 decks)

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