Antimicrobial therapy 3 Flashcards
What does the Delvotest do?
Tests for beta-lactam ABs in milk. doesn’t register if NSAIDs, OTCs or wormers are present
What type of bacteria are lactobacilli, lactococci and streptococci?
gram positive, all used for starter culture of cheese (lactose converted into acids leading to cheese curdling)
Where can you look up information about drug residues etc? 5
- NOAH Compedium (FIRST OPTION)
- datasheets
- withdrawal periods (milk and meat)
- cascade
- VMD website
In general, what does the cascade say about drug withdrawals?
Milk - 7 days
Meat - 28 days
Double for organic farms (14 days, 56 days)
When is the cascade involved when you administer and AB?
If you decide/need to use the drug for any other indication, different route of administration, different species, age or production stage etc.
Which 3 drugs can you ABOSOLUTELY not give to food-producing animals?
Enrofloxacin (Baytril)
Chloramphenicol
Metronidazole
Describe use of enrofloxacin in birds
DON’T use in birds producing eggs for human consumption. Versus DON’T administer to layer replacement birds within 14 days of coming into lay.
What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?
- aplastic anaemia (1 in 20,000, especially after oral consumption), bone marrow suppression
Why can’t you give metronizdazole to food producing animals?
Carcinogenic
Can you give phenylbutazone (NSAID) to food producing animals?
No - also carcinogenic. If you give this drug to a horse, you must write in its passport that you have given it this.
Whose responsibilities are drug residues in farm animals?
The farmer’s (Regulation (EC) No 853/2004). The vet must inform the farm though
How are milk and meat residues detected?
Milk - mainly beta-lactams, tested at dairy
Meat - via kidney test at abbattoir (if suspected or targeted surveillance)
What is the WHO list criterion 1?
An antimicrobial agent which is the sole, or on e of the limited available therapies to treat serious human disease.
What is the WHO list criterion 2?
Antimicrobial agent is used to treat diseases caused by either 1.) organisms that may be transmitted to human from non-human sources or, 2.) human diseases caused by organisms that may acquire resistance genes from non-human sources
What are ‘critically important’ drugs according to the WHO list?
Antimicrobials which meet BOTH criterion 1 and 2 are termed critically important for human medicine
