PMVPH: Zoonoses control: Companion Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

Define colonised host

A

no CS on host, implies microbes multiplying on host. requires longitudinal sampling to prove

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2
Q

List zoonoses in companion animals

A
  • Rabies, Salmonellosis, Brucellosis,
  • MRSA, TB
  • woms (tape, round)
  • pasteurellosis
  • toxoplasmosis
  • leptospirosis
  • psittacosis
  • fleas
  • cheyletiellosis
  • sarcoptic mange (fox mange)
  • dermatophytosis (ringworm)
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3
Q

What are ESKAPE pathogens?

A
Clinically relevant multi-drug resistant pathogens:
Enterococcus faecium
S. aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobacter baumannii (other spp too)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter spp
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4
Q

Defien MDR

A

multi-drug resistant

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5
Q

Define ESBL

A

Extended spectrum beta lactamase (E. coli)

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6
Q

Describe ABs for MRSA

A
  • broad b-lactam and often also fluoroquinolone resistnatn
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7
Q

What is MRSP

A

veterinary version of MRSA
veterinary nosocomial infxn - canines
highly drug- resistant
normal part of flora but opportunistic pathogen

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8
Q

T/F: MRSA transmittied between pets and humans in both directions

A

True

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9
Q

Which zoonosis are small furries prone to?

A

ringworm

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10
Q

How many fish, repltiles and birds are kept as pets in the UK?

A

> 40 million

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11
Q

Name aquatic zoonosis

A

Mycobacterium marinum (causes skin disease)

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12
Q

How serious is reptile-related salmonellosis?

A

accounts for 3-5% of all salmonellosis cases in USA

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13
Q

Where should you refer owners if their pet has a zoonotic infxn?

A

GP
Department of Health
Public Health England (PHE website)

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14
Q

How long can gram + survive on dry surfaces?

A

many months

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15
Q

How long can gram + survive on dry surfaces?

A

many months

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16
Q

How long canP.aruginosa survive on dry surfaces?

A

5 weeks on dry, 16 months on wet

17
Q

How long can spore forming bacteria survive on dry surfaces?

A

many months

18
Q

What do staphylococci adhere to?

A

squames and hair, can survive on dry surfaces > 12 months

19
Q

What is the traffic light isolation protocol?

A

RED - patient must be isolated unless clinically unstable
AMBER - barrier nurse, await microbiol/virol exam
GREEN - patient can be nursed in wards, no isolation required

20
Q

What must a client sign if visiting their pet with a zoonotic dz?

A

‘Form of Agreement’

21
Q

What are risk factors for MDR?

A
  • age
  • concurrent dz and severe illness
  • patient transfer
  • prolonged hospitalisation
  • GIT surgery or transplantation
  • exposure to invasive devices
  • AM exposure
22
Q

What is the BSAVA PROTECT policy?

A
Responsible use of veterinary medicines in practice:
P - practice policy
R - reduce prophylaxis
O - other options
T - types of bacteria and drugs
E - employ correct antibacterial
C- cytology and culture
T - treat effectively
23
Q

What are 80% wound S. aureus infxns due to?

A

due to carrier status

24
Q

Signs of human rabies

A

lethargy, inappetence, diarrhoea, vomiting, behavioural changes, salivation, focal or unilateral CN involvement

25
Q

How does AMR affect humans?

A
  • in EU 25,000 die from this a year
  • estimated cost of 1.5 billion euros
  • 5-12.5% people entering hospital develop and infection