PRAC RES PT Flashcards
Prepare the filipinos for a possible invasion. Helped trained the Dumagueteños
CEA (Civillians Emergency Administration)
Mariano Perdices’ nickname
Tsila
Home Economics Teacher
Frances Rodgers
Head Nurse of the Mission Hospital)
Alice Fullerton
attempt to account for the past by showing what causes produced what effects or results
Historical Method; defined by Dr. Florentino H. Hornedo
Why did perdices hide when the Japanese came
He was scared the Japanese would kill him as he looked like and American.
Data collection/source method of the research
- Archival work (e.g. government documents, personal diaries, and books); but
- interviews were also done - to get information
2 categories during Japanese invasion
People who collaborated and
People who resisted against the Japanese
Two Types of Japanese Police
Kempeitai (Secret Police) (More Violent),
Keibitani (Regular Army)
Throughout the whole duration of Japanese occupation in Dumaguete, Perdices – being the
wartime mayor – was able to know, and somehow
casually befriend, the five Japanese commanders
- Captain Tsuda,
- Lieutenant Shirai (who was the strictest of them all, according to Perdices),
- Lieutenant Tanaka,
- Captain Sakamoto,
- Colonel Oie.
a Christian
– who used to play basketball with Perdices and
his team called the Eight O’Clockers.
Captain Sakamoto
Life in the occupied area – that is,
Dumaguete – during the Japanese occupation was _____________
rather mundane.
During the war, playing ___________was one of the means of amusement of the Dumagueteños, especially for the mayor who was a sports enthusiast.
basketball
organized by Japanese which consisted of Filipino volunteers whose responsibility was to maintain peace in the municipality “They were generally young men who were veterans of Bataan and Corregidor”
Bureau of Constabulary (BoC)
The guerrilla forces abhorred those who worked for the BoC which was headed by____________________; on the other hand, although not entirely, the members of the BoC also despised the guerrillas who persecuted some of their colleagues as traitors.
Col. Salvador Abcede
guerrilla movement that was particularly active in the hinterlands and was being headed by a certain _________
Maj. Juan Dominado
It was in fact, ____________, who
convinced Cimafranca to join the guerrilla movement and appointed him as a part of the
Intelligence Section stationed in the occupied area (Cleope, nd).
Maj. Dominado
where the blueprint was hidden
Clandestine inside the bar of the handle of a bicycle
Col. SatosiOie, officially surrendered with his samurai formally handed over on _______________, at __________________
September 22, 1945 Guinsoan, Zamboanguita
District Engr of Negros Oriental
Asst. Engr
Collaborated with the Geurilla
Engr. Eduardo J. Blanco
Engr. Jovenal Somoza
Lorenzo Cimafranca
Perdices’ sons and daughter
- Their eldest, Eduardo
Judas (Bolone), was the secretary to his father during his last years as Governor. He was also a former barangay captain of the Rizal Boulevard area, formally known as Barangay 5. - Their second eldest son, Agustin Ramon (Tuting), was the one who followed his father’s footsteps, as he was the former (undefeated) Mayor of Dumaguete City from 1988-1998, 2001-2010, and Governor of Negros Oriental from July 2010-January 2011. Tuting was married to Maria Eugenia Araneta.
- Mariano Guillermo (married to Maricar Gonzales), who worked as a manager of Warner Barnes in Cebu;
- Luis Crispin
(married to MaripazGallaga), who used to work for the foreign service in Manila; - Augusto Manuel
(married to MarianelaNeriVamenta), who worked with the local DBP office and is now a barangay councilor; and - Victor Douglas (married to Purita
Gala), who worked as manager of a private bank in Manila. - Their youngest, and the only girl, Maria
Antonia (married to Commodore George Templo) who is a medical doctor.
Perdices’ rival for mayoralty and the incumbent mayor
Pedro Teves
when did Japan arrived in Dumaguete (Dumaguete was empty because ppl flew to the hinterland)
Early morning May 26, 1942
When did Americans arrived in Dumaguete
Dawn of April 26, 1945
. Mentioned in the case of ______, a sergeant of the Provincial Guard Service under the command of Governor Guillermo
“Memong” Villanueva and who also worked in the Public Opinion Office8, was another instance
of Perdices’ efforts to save liv
Fausto Avila Mayor helped free Socorro Cariño, who was
arrested by the Kempeitai on March 17, 1943.
Number of votes Perdices vs Teves
Perdices emerged as the winner by a slim margin of 78 votes
– receiving 1,393 votes, while Teves got 1,315.
The rest of the results for the other positions were
as follows4 (Minutes of Dumaguete City Council
Meeting, 1940):
Silliman President who opposed the burning of the town
Arthur Carson (opposed the burning of town)
Perdices was to be executed on ________________- if ever he was captured
To be excuted at April 29th (Emperor Hirohito’s birthday) (if ever he was captured)
Perdices hid where when the Japanese looked for him
According to his son, Luis, his father was just hiding in an “air raid” shelter that was located on
the ground floor of their house at San Jose Street
Dominado helped who to escape
Major Juan Dominado whose
life was in danger after the Japanese learned
that he [Dominado] helped plan the escape of
USAFFE officer Lt. Vail and his wife
Perdices hid Dominado’s wife in
Perdices helped Dominado’s wife by hiding her “in the closet of another house which belonged
to her relatives
Which airport did the Japanese keep their warplanes
Sibulan airport
Japanese headquarters
Park Hotel
Old Guard, he was a veteran
Pedro Teves
Why were the Americans able to bomb the Japanese force
A blueprint of the Dumaguete Blueprint was sent to Americans that’s why the americans were able to bomb
People involved in the blueprint
Maj. Juan Dominado - geurilla in the hinterlands
Engr. Eduardo J. Blanco - District Engr of Negros Oriental
Engr. Jovenal Somoza - Asst. Engr
Lorenzo Cimafranca - Collaborated with the Geurilla (was also called Enzo in the 2nd article)
Mayor Mariano Perdices
Why did Perdices not exercise power during the Japanese occupation
The japanese has a final say in everything so the mayor was not authoritative
Where was the 5 individuals brought and tortured
They were brought to Davao Cottage in Silliman University, Perdices was released.
Japanese hold their last stronghold in ______________
Valencia (The Japanese Shrine)
Those who were killed because of blueprint was disposed by
They were put inside a sack and thrown in the sea (Not release and probably tortured in Silliman University)
Henrik Dethlefsen’s definition of collaboration:
“to exercise power
under the pressure produced by an occupying power”,
Author of Political Collaboration during the Japanese Occupation of
Dumaguete: The Case of Mariano Perdices, Wartime Mayor
(1942-1945)
Justin Bulado
In his book, Collaboration: Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China, Timothy Brook
(2005: 1-2) stated that collaboration is putatively
defined as the _______
“word which denigrates political
cooperation with an occupying force.”
Brook
inferred that “those who collaborate must ___________ to be said to have collaborated.”
exercise
power
Among the local works on collaboration in the Philippines, _____________ is one of the seminal sources on the issue of collaboration during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines from 1942 to 1945.
Philippine Collaboration in World War II; written by Prof. David Steinberg (1967: vii) of the University of Michigan,
Aside from narrating what the
collaborators did, Steinberg (1967) also included the ramifications of their actions, which he recounted in chapter seven, called ________. In the said chapter, Steinberg narrated the challenges
of finding impartial judges
The Trials.
Another source about Philippine
Collaboration is Augusto De Viana’s Master’s Thesis at the University of Santo Tomas entitled
___________________ in the Philippines.
The Collaboration Issue during World War II
In his work, De Viana (1995)
discussed that Filipino collaboration with the Japanese took different forms – _______________ He further inferred that the Filipino political leaders were clearly unprepared for Japanese occupation.
political,
economic, cultural, and military.
since Quezon did not leave any clear instructions before he left for Australia, the Filipino leaders were faced with the conundrum
of choosing sides - whether they stand by the Americans and the already established Philippine
Commonwealth Government, or shift sides and choose the Japanese forces, or even perhaps choose the Filipinos. De Viana concluded that
“the collaboration issue was caused by a conflict of the orientation of three allegiances”
The thesis of De Viana (1995) is indeed useful for this present study since it provides an answer as to why many, if not all, of the surviving Filipino political collaborators, believed that their
actions can be justified as ________
acts of patriotism
In relation to the complex issue of
determining the motives for collaboration, Renato Constantino delineated and categorized
the reasons why most of the Filipino elites collaborated with the Japanese. (What are these 5?)
- Firstly, based on the experiences of General Artemio Ricarte and Leon Villafuerte who both fought during the Philippine Revolution, (prev struggle against Americans)
- Secondly, some of the collaborators were driven by political ambition, as was the case with Jorge Vargas and most of the elite oligarchy.
- Thirdly, there were those who
collaborated because of Quezon’s instructions, which was for those who would be left to protect
the people by all means and “perform neutral functions pertaining to municipal administration and the administration of justice” (Pro-Americans) - Fourthly, and on the contrary,
some collaborators inexorably worked with the Japanese because they felt that “they had been
abandoned by the Americans” - Lastly, according to Constantino, fear seems to have been a cogent reason to a plethora of collaborators during the Japanese occupation
____________ detailed in the Intelligence section under Lt.Dominado and was immediately assigned to the occupied area in Dumaguete City. His task was to gather information regarding Japanese Troop movements to secure medical and office supplies
Ensong
One by one those arrested were released,except the four,___________________while Ensong was in Palinpinon in Valencia Town but the Japanese was looking for him in their house near downtown area.
Blanco,Somoza,Chi, and Portuguese by the name of Silva
The surrender took only around thirty minutes._____ and ______ were the only Filipino witness and photographer the said historical event and the end of the Occupation.
Lt Juan Dominado and Lorenzo
When Mariano perdices was born. He is the second eldest among 6 children, and is the only son. His parents are Agustin and Maria Bernad
Dec 3, 1907
Perdices went to_________until 5th grade, continued his studies at ____________, and took Bachelor of Science in Business Administration at UP Junior College. He graduated on _____
St Paul College
San Carlos College
1938
on ________ he married Julia Miciano. They had 7 children, 1 being the only daughter.
December 11, 1932
Who was Perdices’ secretary during his last years as governor
His eldest, Eduardo Judas, also called Bolone, was his secretary during his last years as a governor.
Who followed perdices’ footsteps
His second eldest, Ramon, also called Tuting, followed his footsteps
On ____________
Eduardo Miciano, his father in law, died. They needed a replacement municipal counselor.
April 21, 1932 -
4 “nominees” for replacement of Miciano were _____
Pastor, Imbo, Fortich, and Perdices
On May 13, 1932 Perdices was chosen as the new________ under Resolution 52. He was called the _____________
municipal counselor; municipal president
Perdices officially started his first session in the council on
May 14, 1932
Perdices served during 19__-19___, and 19__-19___. During the gap, he was believed to have continued his studies in UP Manila.
1932-34 and 1939-1941
On _________ Dumaguete Mayoralty Election: Perdices, after around 6 years of service, believed he was ready for a higher position. He skipped Vice Mayor.
1940
significant event on 1894-1895 and 1931-1945
Sino-Japanese Wars
By and large, however, all these preparations did not necessarily typify the sort of general
feeling among the Dumagueteños. For instance, on ___________Perdices and the members of
the municipal council, still called for a parade to celebrate Jose Rizal’s 80th birthday.
June 19, 1941,
Day after pearl harbor bombing, the Japanese started their occupation in the Philippines (Date)
December 8 1941
On ___________
Perdices was released, while the other 4 were executed. They were put in sacks and thrown off the wharf of Dumaguete.
October 12 1944
On April ____, 1945
The dawn the Americans arrived. Perdices was hiding in an air raid shelter in San Jose street. The Americans saved him from execution during Emperor Hirohito’s birthday, April 29, 1945
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