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GRADE 12 ME > EAPP > Flashcards

EAPP Flashcards

1
Q

What is description
- define

  • what can help create a good descriptive paragraph
  • involves use of
A

According to Dayagbil & et al, 2016, the use of
description plays an important role to
elucidate the nature of people, places and
things.

A series of detailed observation about the subject can help you create a good
descriptive paragraph.

This involves the use of
adjectives and adverbs in the paragraph

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2
Q

What is the limitation of description

A

LCM

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3
Q

The kind of words we used to describe how your subject looks, sounds, feels, smells or
even tastes like are called

A

sensory languages.

It also concerns how you will arrange the
details to provide an image of the scene, the
person or the object you are trying to
describe in your text

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4
Q

2 types of descriptions

A

Objective
- where the writer
presents impartial and
actual picture of the
subject without biases and excluding
personal impression.

Subjective
- the writer gives
personal impression of
what is observed.

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5
Q

Words or phrases that act as bridges between and among sentences and paragraphs

A

Transitional devices

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6
Q

What is narration

A

Is the act of conveying a message to an
audience through storytelling, facilitating
the delivery of a message in visual forms
and adding emotional appeal (Chao-Ming
Yang et al, 2007)

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7
Q

Narration can be ________ or _________ and ______________ or __________ depending on writer’s purpose

A

Can be either spoken or written and
factual or fictional, depending on the
writer’s purpose

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8
Q

T or F. Narration can be used in both academic and professional writing to convey information
in a compelling and memorable manner

A

T

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9
Q

Features of Narration

A
  1. Plot
  2. Characters
  3. POV
  4. Setting
  5. Conflict
  6. Theme
  7. Style
  8. Transition words
  9. Chronological Order
  10. Symbolism
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10
Q

Sequence of events that unfold in the story, often including a rising action, climax, and falling action

A

PLot

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11
Q

people involved in story

A

characters

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12
Q

what is characterization

A

process by which a writer creates a character

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13
Q

Perspective from which the story is told, which can influence the reader’s understanding of the narrative

A

POV

1st - I we
2nd - you
3rd - he, she, they

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14
Q

Time please an environment in which the story takes place, contributes to the overall mood and context of the story

A

Setting

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15
Q

The struggle, tension, or opposition that drives the plot and keeps the reader engaged

A

Conflict

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16
Q

The narrative is structured around how the characters face the __________

A

conflict

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17
Q

TYPES of conflict

A

internal or external

p v p
p v self
p v n
p v soc

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18
Q

The main idea or ideas developed in the story, which may explore human nature, the human condition or particular institutions

it is the overarching idea that the writer wants the reader to understand

A

theme

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19
Q

The writer’s unique approach to telling the story which can include the use of language tone and pacing

A

style

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20
Q

Words and phrases that aid in keeping the reader oriented in the sequencing of a story

A

transition words

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21
Q

It is the organization of major narrative events in the order in which they occur

A

Chronological order

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22
Q

The use of symbols or objects to represent deeper meanings or themes

in narratives ______are what the leaders hold onto long after stories over

_______ is what readers gravitate to

A

symbolism; symbol; symbolism

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23
Q

A technique that the writers use in developing ideas that are logically arranged.

A

PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT IN WRITING ACROSS DISCIPLINES

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24
Q

o explains a concept, term, or subject
o Its main purpose is to tell what something is.
o Signal Words (is defined as, as defined, means, refers to, to define, to illustrate.)

A

Definition

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25
Q

3 types of definition

A
  1. informal
    - denotation
    - connotation
  2. formal
    - term + class + differentiae
  3. extended
    - characteristics
    - function
    - what it is not
    - what it is similar to
    - by examples
    - by origin or etymology
    - effects
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26
Q

sorting or arranging subjects into
groups, classes, or categories, according to
their common or shared characteristics.
It is normally made according to a criterion
or several criteria (e.g. age, size)

A

Classification

27
Q

helps in understanding the relationships between different
elements and provides a systematic framework for analysis and study.

A

Classification

28
Q

SIGNAL WORDS USED IN
CLASSIFICATION

A

another, one kind, classified as, first category

29
Q

structure of classification

A

topic - organizing principle - category

30
Q

pattern of development in writing that is
effective in explaining an idea or point by
presenting specific and concrete examples
to expound on the main idea.

Shows, proves, or explains a general idea or claim by using examples

A

exemplification

31
Q

SIGNAL WORDS USED IN
EXEMPLIFICATION

A
  • as an example
  • to illustrate
  • for instance
  • such as
  • as shown in
  • namely
  • to be specific
32
Q

TYPES OF
EXEMPLIFICATION

A
  1. EXAMPLES THAT ILLUSTRATE - use concrete examples to
    illustrate an idea.
  2. EXAMPLES THAT EXPLAIN - give an explanation to illustrate
    a concept.
  3. EXAMPLES THAT TELL A STORY - use a short story to
    illustrate a point.
  4. EXAMPLES THAT DESCRIBE - use examples to help the
    reader visualize a scene or a thing.
33
Q

uses specific, vivid
examples for the purpose of adding more
information to explain, persuade, define, or
illustrate a general idea

A

exemplification

34
Q

rhetorical style that discusses the
similarities and differences of two
or more things: ideas, concepts,
items, places, etc.

A

Comparison and Contrast

35
Q

Discusses elements that are similar or examines how things are similar

A

comparison

36
Q

Discusses elements or ideas that are different or to see how they differ

A

contrast

37
Q

Analyzes two subjects comparing them,
contrasting them, or both.

However, its purpose is not to simply state the obvious but rather to illustrate subtle differences or unexpected similarities between two subjects.

A

compare-and-contrast essay

38
Q

Importance of Comparing
and Contrasting

A
  • Lead to the ability to sort and classify
  • Help students to think about and focus
    on important details
  • Clarify the differences between related
    objects/concepts
  • Promote the development of
    organizational skills (by providing a
    structure for organizing thoughts and
    ideas)
39
Q

Two main ways to structure a
compare and contrast essay:

A

BLOCK
- Used to compare and contrast two
subjects one at a time.
- A compare and contrast essay in the
block format involves writing first about
one subject, addressing all of the points of
comparison and contrast. Then the paper
transitions to write about the second
subject, again addressing all of the same key points.

POINT BY POINT
- Used to address one subject at a time
- A point-by-point comparison essay begins with an introductory paragraph. Both subjects are then discussed simultaneously,
with key points being addressed at the same
time. The essay ends with a final concluding
paragraph.

40
Q

Type of compare and contrast structure that is easier to write? generally clearer?

A
  • block
  • pbp (ensures more explicit)
41
Q

method of paragraph or
essay development in which a writer analyzes the reasons for—and/or the consequences
of—an action, event, or
decision.

A

Cause and Effect

42
Q
  • form of argumentation that details the reasons for (causes) and the outcomes of (effects) an event, condition, or decision.
A

Cause and Effect essay

43
Q

purpose of cause and effect essay

A

determine how various phenomena relate

44
Q

The cause-and-effect essay can be
organized in one of the following two
primary ways:

A
  1. Start with the cause and then talk
    about the effects.
  2. Start with the effect and then talk about the causes
45
Q

What are main causes and what are contributory cases

A

Main Causes - a major event that caused something to happen

Contributory Causes - factors that help cause something to happen

46
Q

Immediate cause vs remote cause

A

Immediate Cause - is the most obvious cause
because it occurs right before an event

Remote Cause - are factors that occurred further in the past but may have had a greater impact

47
Q

the result of one action is the cause of another

A

causal chains

48
Q

the fallacy where we believe that because one event follows another, the first must have been a cause of the second. In some cases this is true, but other factors may be
responsible

A

Post Hoc Reasoning

49
Q

a form of non-fiction writing and it is written to persuade the reader on certain things.

A

persuasive

50
Q

purpose of persuasive text

A

the purpose of a persuasive text is to convince the reader. It is a type of opinion writing. We write about what we think, feel, or believe in order to persuade others.

51
Q

examples of persuasive text

A

A review.
A speech.
An advertisement.
A letter to the paper

52
Q

characteristics of persuasive text

A
  • uses emotional language
  • goal is to make readers change pov
  • uses present tense
53
Q

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF PERSUASIVE WRITING?

A

There are three main types of persuasive writing, but in order to fully grasp the principles of persuasive writing and use them to your benefit, we need to go back in time.

These foundations, or modes, are namely:
Ethos
Pathos, and
Logic

54
Q

comes from the Greek word “character” or “spirit.”

If we translate it to modern-day persuasive writing, it refers to the way the writer presents themselves.

Therefore, writers must be skillful and virtuous to show they are credible and trustworthy. Furthermore, they should show their authority in their respective industry.

A

Ethos

55
Q

originates from ancient Greek, meaning “suffering” or “experience.”

Thus, it represents the writer’s appeal to emotion.

And you probably know this too well yourself.
If we put this in the business world, it is our emotions that trigger our purchasing decisions.

Thus, it is no surprise that good persuasive writers will exploit this fact.

A

pathos

56
Q

type of persuasive

So, for example, the writer might
share their painful or sobering experience
show empathy and understanding of the reader’s pain points.

Even more importantly, you should understand your reader and their background to be able to use pathos fully.

A

pathos

57
Q

___ is in stark contrast to pathos. It is derived from Greek, and it means “logic” or “rationale.”

Persuasive writing means using logical arguments backed up by thorough research and evidential data.

Furthermore, it also refers to how you put your arguments in the most effective way.

A

Logic

58
Q

PROPAGANDA DEVICES

A
  1. Name- Calling
    - it is giving negative feedback to a product or political competitor to be enjoyed and chosen by the masses.
  2. Glittering Generalities
    - It is persuasion through beautiful, dazzling, and flowery words or statements.
  3. Transfer - The use of a famous personality to transfer popularity to a product or person. Promoting an artist or vlogger on an unpopular brand.
  4. Testimonial - When a famous personality directly endorses a person or product. An artist’s promotion of a brand at its own discretion.
  5. Plain Folks - Well-known or famous people are made to appear as ordinary people in order to attract more people.
  6. Bandwagon - Persuasion where everyone is encouraged to use a product or join a group because everyone has already joined.
  7. Card Stacking - Only the good qualities are shown here but the bad qualities are not mentioned.
59
Q

5 PERSUASIVE TECHNIQUES

A
  1. Rhetorical questions - are ones that don’t need an answer, but they get the reader or listener thinking. This technique is commonly used in advertisements.
  2. Emotive Language - Stirs your imagination. It helps to paint a picture in your mind. This technique is particularly common in persuasive texts that have a moral message.
  3. Facts and Statistics - If you want to convince someone that they should listen to you, you’d use facts, reasoning and statistics, right? 100% of our readers say, ‘yes’! Evidence is frequently used in persuasive texts to convince the audience that the writer or company advertising to you is trustworthy and reliable
  4. MODAL VERBS AND ADVERBS
    - Modal verbs call the reader to action. These are verbs such as ‘must’, ‘should’ and ‘will’ - ‘you MUST act now’. They make the audience sense the urgency in the situation, persuading them to take action as soon as possible.
    - Modal adverbs leave no room for question - these are words such as ‘definitely’, ‘absolutely’ and ‘certainly’.
    - Sometimes, modal verbs and adverbs can be used together to create a persuasive call to action. ‘You absolutely must act now.’
  5. OPINION AS FACTS
    - Particularly for opinion pieces such as articles and essays, writers will state their opinion as if it’s fact to convince the reader of their argument. persuades the reader to trust the writer and their opinion on this topic.
60
Q

of essay that highlights a particular issue or
problem and proposes a potential solution to the problem. Similar to a persuasive
essay, the writer attempts to convince the reader of the seriousness of the problem and
the effectiveness of the solution.

A

problem-solving essay

61
Q

Features of Problem-solution essay

A
  1. Problem Identification - The essay begins by clearly identifying and defining the
    problem. The writer should establish the urgency and significance of the problem to
    capture the reader’s attention.
  2. Solution Proposal - The writer must present a well-reasoned and practical solution
    that directly addresses the identified problem. The proposed solution should be
    logical, realistic, and supported by evidence or expert opinions.
  3. Evidence-Based Approach - A strong problem-solution essay relies on evidence to
    support the proposed solution. The writer should provide convincing evidence that
    demonstrates the effectiveness and viability of the proposed solution.
  4. Consideration of Limitations - By acknowledging limitations, the writer shows a
    balanced perspective and invites further discussion or alternative solutions.
  5. Call to action - A problem-solution essay often concludes with a call to action, urging
    readers to take steps toward implementing the proposed solution or supporting related
    initiatives.
62
Q

Structure of Problem-Solution Essays

A
  1. Block structure: all of the problems are listed first, and all of the solutions are listed
    afterwards
    ➔ generally clearer, especially for shorter essays
  2. Chain structure: each problem is followed immediately by the solution to that problem
    ➔ ensures that any solutions you present relate directly to the problems you have
    given
63
Q

Tips in Writing a Problem-Solution Essay

A
  1. In the introduction the problem should be stated, and any necessary background
    information needed to understand the problem should be addressed
  2. Understand the problem and its implications
    ➔ What are the causes of the problem?
    ➔ Why did it happen?
    ➔ For whom is this a problem?
    ➔ What are the effects of the problem?
    ➔ Why is it a problem?
  3. What are the options to solving the problem? What are the various ways to solve the
    problem? What resources are available?
  4. Examine each solution

GRADE 12 ME (21 decks)

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