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SAM > PPQ4 > Flashcards

PPQ4 Flashcards

1
Q

The primary exposure factor that controls scatter radiation is

A

collimator setting

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2
Q

what do grids contain that controls scatter radiation

A

lead

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3
Q

where is the grid located

A

between the patient and the cassette

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4
Q

to prevent the magnification and distortion of the object being radiographed, the patient must be

A

be as parallel and as close to the film as possible

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5
Q

when viewing a radiograph of a laterally positioned animal

A

the head should face the viewers left with the spine at the top

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6
Q

any body part exceeding this measurement requires the use of a grid to reduce fog producing scatter radiation

A

10cm

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7
Q

which statement is false

A

using a grid, the dose of the radiation should be reduced

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8
Q

which statements are true

A

The use of a grid is recommended over 10cm object diameter; The grid filter the scatter
radiation; The grid contains small lead strips standing vertically or in an angle facing
toward the x-ray tube

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9
Q

which is false

A

scattered beam is negligible concerning radiation safety of the staff

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10
Q

which statements are true

A

The x-ray beam is invisible; The x-ray beam makes chemical changes in photoemulsions; The x-ray beam produces light flash in fluorescent materials

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11
Q

what materials belong to the basic radiographic opacities

A

metal;stone;gas

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12
Q

what material doesnt belong to the basic radiograph opacitites

A

wood

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13
Q

with use of a grid, we can

A

improve image contrast

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14
Q

which statement is incorrect

A

the x-ray consists of charged particles

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15
Q

which statements are correct

A

the x-ray is ionising, electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light

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16
Q

what is not a normal component in the digital radiographic technology

A

intensifying screen

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17
Q

what are normal components in the digital radiographic technology

A

x-ray tube; grid; collimator

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18
Q

attenuation of the x-ray is dependent on

A

atomic number; object thickness; physical denisty

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19
Q

which component is different in conventional and digital radiography

A

detector

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20
Q

what is the main source of radiation exposure of the personnel

A

secondary beam originating from the patient

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21
Q

which is false

A

fat is more radiopaque than fluids

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22
Q

which statements are true

A

Bones are more radiolucent than metals; Gas is more radiolucent than fat; Fluid and
soft tissues have the same opacity

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23
Q

cause of unsharp x-ray cannot be

A

increased distance between the object and the detector

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24
Q

the causes of an unsharp x-ray

A

motion; low kV; high mAs

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25
Q

which statement is true regarding the radiographic image

A

distortion can be prevented by centralisation

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26
Q

which statement is true

A

CR systems are cheaper than DR systems

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27
Q

which exposure factor could be used in small animal radiography

A

8mAs

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28
Q

which statement is false

A

scatter radiation is mainly based on mAs

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29
Q

which statements are true

A

The mAs describe the number of x-ray photons; Higher capacity generators are
required to produce longer exposure time; The contras of the image is mainly based on
the mAs

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30
Q

which statement is false in case of chest radiography

A

longer exposure time is recommended

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31
Q

which statement is true in case of chest radiograph

A

Smaller exposure values are needed compared to an abdominal radiograph of the same
diameter; The contrast will be higher compared to the abdomen; Motion blurring is a
common problem

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32
Q

which exposure factors cause the blackening on the detector than 60kV/8mAs

A

80kV/2mAs

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33
Q

which is not an image parameter

A

magnification

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34
Q

which are image parameters

A

density; sharpness’ contrast

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35
Q

which statement is true

A

the underexposed digital image will be too bright

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36
Q

which statement is false

A

digital systems require much higher doses than analogue systems

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37
Q

which statements are true

A

In case of wrong exposure factors the digital image will be motten; The S-value informs
you about the exposure; The image can be motten both in over- and underexposed cases

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38
Q

which statement is true

A

the crate improves the image sharpness

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39
Q

what is not a form of protection against ionising radiaiton

A

dose equivalent

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40
Q

what are forms of protection against ionising radiation

A

distance; shielding; time

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41
Q

a personal dose meter

A

records the effective dose

42
Q

the x-ray beam does not

A

cause radioactivity

43
Q

the x-ray beam

A

Can ionise matter; Can travel at the speed of light; Requires electric current to
generate

44
Q

in veterinary diagnostic radiology, adverse may include

A

stochastic effects

45
Q

an especially sensitive tissue type for ionising radiation

A

the bone marrow

46
Q

in case of deterministic effects

A

severity is proportionate to dose

47
Q

which statement is true

A

It is officially unsafe to put a hand in the primary x-ray beam with lead gloves, nothing
or with a double layer of protective lead

48
Q

radon

A

is generated by the x-ray

49
Q

x-ray photons in the body are normally not

A

transmitted

50
Q

x-ray photons in the body are normally

A

absorbed; reflected; scattered

51
Q

why can a structure be more radiopaque than others

A

it consists of elements of higher atomic number and has the same diameter

52
Q

what if the object is not in the centre of the detector plate

A

the resulting image will be unsharp

53
Q

which statement is true

A

the land club protects from primary beam

54
Q

what does ‘acquisition’ mean in digital imaging

A

the picture from the electric sign

55
Q

what is not true for DICOM files

A

they can be inspected with commercial image view programs

56
Q

what is true for DICOM files

A

Contain images of TIFF format; The x-ray images have a size of 10-30 megabytes; They
contain metadata besides the image

57
Q

which statement is incorrect? compared to the JPEG image, the DICOM files are

A

preferred more by the owner

58
Q

which statements are correct? compared to the JPEG image, the DICOM files are

A

Less appropriate for diagnostics; Bigger; Cannot be inspected with a medical image
viewer program

59
Q

a rarely performed contrast study in small animal radiology

A

lacrimal duct contrast study

60
Q

a commonly performed contrast study in small animal radiology

A

thoracic cavity infusion; laryngeal contrast instillation

61
Q

myelography is primarily used to diagnose

A

spinal cord compression

62
Q

in myelography, a contrast agent is injected into the

A

subarachnoid space

63
Q

in the study of the megaoesophagus, which method is not used

A

carbon dioxide inflation

64
Q

the the study of megaoesophagus, which methods are used

A

Survey radiographs; Barium sulphate paste swallowing; Feeding barium sulphate
mixed with pet food

65
Q

When is liquid barium sulphate entirely emptied from the stomach following per os
administration in a healthy dog?

A

after 12 hours; ileus exam can then start from 12 hours

66
Q

which one of the following retrograde contrast studies is not performed in dogs

A

negative contrast urethrography

67
Q

which one of the following retrograde contrast studies is performed in dogs

A

Positive contrast cystography; Negative contras cystography; Positive contrast
urethrography

68
Q

which statement is false regarding the radiography of intestinal obstructions

A

contrast study in every case to make diagnosis of intestinal obstruction

69
Q

which statement is true regarding the radiography of intestinal obstructions

A

The obturating objects & the distended proximal intestinal loop may be seen on the
radiograph at the same time; The obturating object may be seen without secondary xray signs on the radiograph; In certain cases, the radiographic finding may be
unremarkable

70
Q

which statement is false? in carnivores, the homogenous abdomen

A

is normal in obese patients; may suggest pneumoperitoneum

71
Q

which statements are true? in carnivores, the homogenous abdomen

A

may suggest abdominal effusion; is normal in young cats; is normal in cachectic animals

72
Q

what contrast medium would you choose for double contrast cystography

A

iodinated contrast and air

73
Q

which statement is false? in case of an intestinal obstruction

A

the use of barium sulphate is contraindicated

74
Q

which contrast can be used to examine the urethra

A

organic iodine compund

75
Q

which organ can be generally seen on a survey radiograph

A

aorta; vena cava

76
Q

which organs cant be seen on the survey radiograph

A

pancreas; adrenals; ovaries

77
Q

best method to detect the rupture of the ureters

A

excretory urography

78
Q

which statement is true? in small animals

A

Ectopic ureters can be detected by intravenous urography (mixed pneumo-cystography)

79
Q

negative bronchogram is typical in which pulmonary pattern

A

alveolar pattern

80
Q

Which contrast medium can be used in the case of a suspected oesophageal
perforation?

A

organic iodine compound

81
Q

in case of a tracheal hypoplasia, the diameter of the trachea is less than

A

20% of the thoracic inlet

82
Q

which of the following is typical for tracheal hypoplasia

A

the entire trachea is narrower than normal

83
Q

in which condition can we see the tracheal wall separated from neighbouring tissues

A

pneumomediastinum

84
Q

which statement is true for feline oesophagus

A

the caudal 1/3 on the contrast radiograph shows herring bone pattern

85
Q

a vertebal heart scale

A

describes the size of the heart

86
Q

which statement is false for tracheal collapse

A

the entire trachea is affected

87
Q

which statement is true for tracheal collapse

A

Its radiographic appearance is influenced by the respiratory phase; Its cause is the
softening of the tracheal C-cartilage; Toy breeds are affected

88
Q

which statement is true? on a lateral chest radiograph

A

the left atrium is located caudodorsally

89
Q

which statement is true in case of thoracic effusion

A

The opacity of the thorax is increased; The outline of the organs gets sharper; The type
of the fluid cannot be determined

90
Q

which statement is false in case of thoracic effusion

A

diaphragmatic hernia sometimes cannot be ruled out

91
Q

What contrast medium would you use to demonstrate vascular strangulation of the
oesophagus?

A

contrast medium is contraindicated

92
Q

which is not a pulmonary pattern

A

fibrous

93
Q

which are the pulmonary patterns

A

alveolar; interstitial; bronchial

94
Q

tracheal hypoplasia is common in which breed

A

English bulldog

95
Q

which contrast mediums can be used for the non-perforated oesophagus

A

organic iodine; barium sulphate suspension

96
Q

which statement is true? when obtaining radiographs of fractures, it is important

A

To take orthogonal projections; To have neighbouring joints in the picture too; In case
of uncertainty, take x-ray of the contralateral limb too

97
Q

which statement is false? when obtaining radiographs of fractures, it is important

A

to always take a radiograph of the thorax too

98
Q

which statement is correct? in mature healthy carnivores

A

the periosteum is not visible in the radiographs

99
Q

what is the normal anatomy of the long bones

A

Epiphysis-Metaphysis-Diaphysis-Metaphysis-Epiphysis

100
Q

which part of the long bones is radiolucent

A

growth plate in young animals

SAM (11 decks)

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