PPQ11 Flashcards
which statement is incorrect regarding prostate ultrasonography
it can differentiate cysts from abscess urolithiasis
probable diagnosis for a cat with enlarged kidneys
PKD; hydronephrosis; lymphoma of the kidneys
which is the most important test for diagnosing glomerulopathies
detection of severe proteinuria
not a typical lab alteration in CKD
metabolic alkalosis
what is your diagnosis if glucosuria appears in case of euglycemia
addisons disease
the most common LUTD of cats
Idiopathic cysts
causes of glomerular diseases in small animals
Adhesions of immune complexes to the basement membrane; Ischaemia; Nephrotoxic
materials; Amyloidosis
causes of anaemic in CKD patients
Lack of erythropoietin; GI bleeds/ulcers; Decreased survival of RBCs (not haemolysis)
which statement is true for pyelonephritis
we can get a sample for diagnostic tests by aspirating the renal pelvis
subclinical bacteriuria
is asymptomatic
causes of acute interstitial nephritis in small animals
E. coli/proteus; Antifreeze; Ureter stone
true for polycystic kidney disease
painful kidneys; haematuria; inherited
urohydropropulsion
may be suitable for removing small stones from the bladder
fanconi syndrome is not characterised by
central diabetes insipidus
recommended for cystotomy wound closure
Double layer continuous Lembert; Single layer seromuscular continuous; Double layer interrupted Lembert (Not penetrating)
IRIS classification of CKD
4 stages determined by serum creatinine levels; Substaged based on presence of
proteinuria and degree of hypertension
when should you think of leptospirosis in a dog
elevated liver enzymes & creatinine values
antidote of ethylene glycol toxicosis
ethyl alcohol; fomepizole
not typical of IRIS stage 1 CKD
acute blindness due to hypertension
renal amyloidosis is not typically caused by
chronic liver disease
which statement is correct about glomerulopathies
50% of glomerul0pathies are immune complex origin
most likely diagnosis in cats in case of haematuria
FIC
to determine the urine concentrating capacity, we use
USG with refractometer
monitoring BP is especially important in
kidney diseases
what is the cause of urine urolithiasis
hyperuricosuria; PSS; chronic liver disease
you can diagnose pyelonephritis by
Histological exam of a renal biopsy; Visualising pelvis dilation with imaging methods
and performing urine cultures; Microbiological examination of a renal pelvis puncture
persistent perineal proteinuria
bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it
the second most common lower urinary tract disease of dogs
urolithiasis
CKD treatment includes
Renal diet; Phosphate binders; Erythropoietic injection; Potassium supplement; PO
diuretics
in case of subclinical bacteriuria
Usually, a predisposing factor for UTI is present; The urine sediment can be active;
Microbiological examination of urine is positive
which mean urination not at the proper place
periuria
what type of proteins are detected with sulfosalicyclic acid test
albumin; globulin
recommended concomitant wiht erythropoietin/darbepoetin
iron & B12
can be accompanied by crystalluria in cats
idiopathic cystitis; urolithiasis; bacterial cystitis
what are contributing factors concerning UTI
incontinence; corticosteroid therapy; FIC
indications for dialysis treatment
Anuric acute kidney injury; Chronic renal failure; Renal fibrosis; Removal of toxins in
case of acute toxicosis
When is it recommended to start erythropoietin/darbepoetin therapy in chronic kidney
disease?
then the haematocrit level drops to 18-20%
treatment for pyelonephritis
Puncture & flushing of the renal pelvis; Systemic Abx; Fluid therapy
which procedures are recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts
marsupialisation; omentalisation; drainage
feline interstitial cystitis (FIC)
Abx are useless; Affected cats are mostly fed dry food; Affected cats are mostly neutered
animals
what is true about the progression of CKD
hypertension and proteinuria can increase hyperfiltration of nephrons
ectopic ureters
are usually causing constant urine dripping; Can be diagnosed with x-ray or CT or
cystoscopy
what are the target organs that are damaged by hypertension
brain; kidney; eye; heart
define polydipsia in SAM
Dog: Water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day; Cat: Water intake >50ml/bwkg/day
symptom of renal tubular acidosis
metabolic acidosis
most likely diagnosis in dogs with haematuria
bacterial cystitis
high-dose maintenance fluid therapy for acute injury
may cause interstitial oedema in the kidneys, that decreases the GFR & renal blood flow
renal proteinuria can be decreased by
Renal diet; Antihypertensives; ACE-inhibitors
abx that are excreted from the urine- good for UTI treatment
Amoxicillin; Cephalosporins; Trimethoprim-sulphonamide (not rifampicin though)
what is most informative for diagnosing ectopic ureters
cystoscopy
what is V-Y plasty
tension relieving plastic procedure
which statement is correct
hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats
which of the following has got the widest indication area
reconstructive therapy
what is pathognomic of cushing’s syndrome
calcinosis cutis
3 most common causes of PU/PD in cats
CKD; DM; hyperthyroidism
what may cause hyperglycaemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin
insulin resistance
what is the target blood glucose level in the diabetic patient at max. effect of insulin
4-9 mmol/l
what may cause hypoglyceamia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin
GC; progestogen tx; DI; bitch spay
which is not a possible consequence of obesity
hypokalaemia
addisons disease in dogs. diagnosis
Na/K < 27; Cl decrease; ACTH-stim. Test
causes of insulin resistance
progesterone; hypercortisolism; hypersomatotropism
which is the most effect in feline otitis media
ventral bulla osteotomy
causes of acromegaly
dog: progesterone treatment
cat: pituitary tumour
clinical features of congenital hyposomatotropism
german shepherd; proportionate dwarfism; alopecia
hypothyroidism in dogs symptoms
Activity decrease; Weight gain; Alopecia; Thick skin; Bradycardia; Decreased fertility
hyperthroidism of cats- therapeutic options
Thyroidectomy; Radiotherapy; Methimazole; Low iodine diet
which endocrine disorder is there no PU/PD
hyperthyroidism; alopecia-x
hyperthyroidism of cats
Thyroid adenoma/hyperplasia; Polyphagia; Weight loss; Myocardial hypertrophy
diabetes insipidus. which is correct
The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin
Which factor plays a crucial role in the preoperative determination of surgical
prognosis of adrenalectomy?
tumorous involvement of the caudal vena cava
which breed is not predisposed to obesity
borzoi
addison’s disease in dogs causes & pathogensis
primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals
which statement is true for diabetes insipidus
partial/complete ADH deficiency
which breed is predisposed for addisons disease
poodle
which breed is predisposed for cushings
dachshund
hypoadrenocorticism of dogs-clinical manifestations
Dehydration; K increase; Ca decrease; Weakness; Tremor; Shock
hypothyroidism of dogs
Thyroxine decrease; TSH increase; Free thyroxine decrease; TGAA; ACTH-stim
which of the following is false following neutering
appetite
which of the following is the classic indication of adrenaloctomy
Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused by peripheral cushin’s disease
which disease does not cause osmotic diuresis
pyometra
which statement is correct
thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormone alteration is common in dogs
which of the following techniques is the most tension relieving one
tubed/stent suture
the most important nutitive vessel of the ventral abdominal skin is
cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein
hypoadrenocorticism of dogs- therapy
Crisis: 0.9% saline & hydrocortisone; Later: Fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone,
salt
