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SAM > PPQ11 > Flashcards

PPQ11 Flashcards

1
Q

which statement is incorrect regarding prostate ultrasonography

A

it can differentiate cysts from abscess urolithiasis

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2
Q

probable diagnosis for a cat with enlarged kidneys

A

PKD; hydronephrosis; lymphoma of the kidneys

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3
Q

which is the most important test for diagnosing glomerulopathies

A

detection of severe proteinuria

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4
Q

not a typical lab alteration in CKD

A

metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

what is your diagnosis if glucosuria appears in case of euglycemia

A

addisons disease

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6
Q

the most common LUTD of cats

A

Idiopathic cysts

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7
Q

causes of glomerular diseases in small animals

A

Adhesions of immune complexes to the basement membrane; Ischaemia; Nephrotoxic
materials; Amyloidosis

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8
Q

causes of anaemic in CKD patients

A

Lack of erythropoietin; GI bleeds/ulcers; Decreased survival of RBCs (not haemolysis)

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9
Q

which statement is true for pyelonephritis

A

we can get a sample for diagnostic tests by aspirating the renal pelvis

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10
Q

subclinical bacteriuria

A

is asymptomatic

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11
Q

causes of acute interstitial nephritis in small animals

A

E. coli/proteus; Antifreeze; Ureter stone

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12
Q

true for polycystic kidney disease

A

painful kidneys; haematuria; inherited

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13
Q

urohydropropulsion

A

may be suitable for removing small stones from the bladder

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14
Q

fanconi syndrome is not characterised by

A

central diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

recommended for cystotomy wound closure

A 
Double layer continuous Lembert; Single layer seromuscular continuous; Double layer
interrupted Lembert (Not penetrating)
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16
Q

IRIS classification of CKD

A

4 stages determined by serum creatinine levels; Substaged based on presence of
proteinuria and degree of hypertension

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17
Q

when should you think of leptospirosis in a dog

A

elevated liver enzymes & creatinine values

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18
Q

antidote of ethylene glycol toxicosis

A

ethyl alcohol; fomepizole

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19
Q

not typical of IRIS stage 1 CKD

A

acute blindness due to hypertension

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20
Q

renal amyloidosis is not typically caused by

A

chronic liver disease

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21
Q

which statement is correct about glomerulopathies

A

50% of glomerul0pathies are immune complex origin

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22
Q

most likely diagnosis in cats in case of haematuria

A

FIC

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23
Q

to determine the urine concentrating capacity, we use

A

USG with refractometer

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24
Q

monitoring BP is especially important in

A

kidney diseases

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25
Q

what is the cause of urine urolithiasis

A

hyperuricosuria; PSS; chronic liver disease

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26
Q

you can diagnose pyelonephritis by

A

Histological exam of a renal biopsy; Visualising pelvis dilation with imaging methods
and performing urine cultures; Microbiological examination of a renal pelvis puncture

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27
Q

persistent perineal proteinuria

A

bence-jones proteins are typical examples for it

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28
Q

the second most common lower urinary tract disease of dogs

A

urolithiasis

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29
Q

CKD treatment includes

A

Renal diet; Phosphate binders; Erythropoietic injection; Potassium supplement; PO
diuretics

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30
Q

in case of subclinical bacteriuria

A

Usually, a predisposing factor for UTI is present; The urine sediment can be active;
Microbiological examination of urine is positive

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31
Q

which mean urination not at the proper place

A

periuria

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32
Q

what type of proteins are detected with sulfosalicyclic acid test

A

albumin; globulin

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33
Q

recommended concomitant wiht erythropoietin/darbepoetin

A

iron & B12

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34
Q

can be accompanied by crystalluria in cats

A

idiopathic cystitis; urolithiasis; bacterial cystitis

35
Q

what are contributing factors concerning UTI

A

incontinence; corticosteroid therapy; FIC

36
Q

indications for dialysis treatment

A

Anuric acute kidney injury; Chronic renal failure; Renal fibrosis; Removal of toxins in
case of acute toxicosis

37
Q

When is it recommended to start erythropoietin/darbepoetin therapy in chronic kidney
disease?

A

then the haematocrit level drops to 18-20%

38
Q

treatment for pyelonephritis

A

Puncture & flushing of the renal pelvis; Systemic Abx; Fluid therapy

39
Q

which procedures are recommended for surgical resolution of prostatic cysts

A

marsupialisation; omentalisation; drainage

40
Q

feline interstitial cystitis (FIC)

A

Abx are useless; Affected cats are mostly fed dry food; Affected cats are mostly neutered
animals

41
Q

what is true about the progression of CKD

A

hypertension and proteinuria can increase hyperfiltration of nephrons

42
Q

ectopic ureters

A

are usually causing constant urine dripping; Can be diagnosed with x-ray or CT or
cystoscopy

43
Q

what are the target organs that are damaged by hypertension

A

brain; kidney; eye; heart

44
Q

define polydipsia in SAM

A

Dog: Water intake >80-100ml/bwkg/day; Cat: Water intake >50ml/bwkg/day

45
Q

symptom of renal tubular acidosis

A

metabolic acidosis

46
Q

most likely diagnosis in dogs with haematuria

A

bacterial cystitis

47
Q

high-dose maintenance fluid therapy for acute injury

A

may cause interstitial oedema in the kidneys, that decreases the GFR & renal blood flow

48
Q

renal proteinuria can be decreased by

A

Renal diet; Antihypertensives; ACE-inhibitors

49
Q

abx that are excreted from the urine- good for UTI treatment

A

Amoxicillin; Cephalosporins; Trimethoprim-sulphonamide (not rifampicin though)

50
Q

what is most informative for diagnosing ectopic ureters

A

cystoscopy

51
Q

what is V-Y plasty

A

tension relieving plastic procedure

52
Q

which statement is correct

A

hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid adenoma is common in cats

53
Q

which of the following has got the widest indication area

A

reconstructive therapy

54
Q

what is pathognomic of cushing’s syndrome

A

calcinosis cutis

55
Q

3 most common causes of PU/PD in cats

A

CKD; DM; hyperthyroidism

56
Q

what may cause hyperglycaemia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin

A

insulin resistance

57
Q

what is the target blood glucose level in the diabetic patient at max. effect of insulin

A

4-9 mmol/l

58
Q

what may cause hypoglyceamia in the diabetic patient treated with insulin

A

GC; progestogen tx; DI; bitch spay

59
Q

which is not a possible consequence of obesity

A

hypokalaemia

60
Q

addisons disease in dogs. diagnosis

A

Na/K < 27; Cl decrease; ACTH-stim. Test

61
Q

causes of insulin resistance

A

progesterone; hypercortisolism; hypersomatotropism

62
Q

which is the most effect in feline otitis media

A

ventral bulla osteotomy

63
Q

causes of acromegaly

A

dog: progesterone treatment
cat: pituitary tumour

64
Q

clinical features of congenital hyposomatotropism

A

german shepherd; proportionate dwarfism; alopecia

65
Q

hypothyroidism in dogs symptoms

A

Activity decrease; Weight gain; Alopecia; Thick skin; Bradycardia; Decreased fertility

66
Q

hyperthroidism of cats- therapeutic options

A

Thyroidectomy; Radiotherapy; Methimazole; Low iodine diet

67
Q

which endocrine disorder is there no PU/PD

A

hyperthyroidism; alopecia-x

68
Q

hyperthyroidism of cats

A

Thyroid adenoma/hyperplasia; Polyphagia; Weight loss; Myocardial hypertrophy

69
Q

diabetes insipidus. which is correct

A

The most effective drug in the central form is desmopressin

70
Q

Which factor plays a crucial role in the preoperative determination of surgical
prognosis of adrenalectomy?

A

tumorous involvement of the caudal vena cava

71
Q

which breed is not predisposed to obesity

A

borzoi

72
Q

addison’s disease in dogs causes & pathogensis

A

primary disease is due to autoimmune inflammation of the adrenals

73
Q

which statement is true for diabetes insipidus

A

partial/complete ADH deficiency

74
Q

which breed is predisposed for addisons disease

A

poodle

75
Q

which breed is predisposed for cushings

A

dachshund

76
Q

hypoadrenocorticism of dogs-clinical manifestations

A

Dehydration; K increase; Ca decrease; Weakness; Tremor; Shock

77
Q

hypothyroidism of dogs

A

Thyroxine decrease; TSH increase; Free thyroxine decrease; TGAA; ACTH-stim

78
Q

which of the following is false following neutering

A

appetite

79
Q

which of the following is the classic indication of adrenaloctomy

A

Unilateral adrenal cortical adenoma caused by peripheral cushin’s disease

80
Q

which disease does not cause osmotic diuresis

A

pyometra

81
Q

which statement is correct

A

thyroid adenocarcinoma without hormone alteration is common in dogs

82
Q

which of the following techniques is the most tension relieving one

A

tubed/stent suture

83
Q

the most important nutitive vessel of the ventral abdominal skin is

A

cranial superficial epigastric artery and vein

84
Q

hypoadrenocorticism of dogs- therapy

A

Crisis: 0.9% saline & hydrocortisone; Later: Fludrocortisone, DOCP, prednisolone,
salt

SAM (11 decks)

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