powers and borders 3

Question 1

what is global governance - un, nato & ngos

Answer 1

Global governance is intervention by the global community to regulate issues such as human rights, soveriengty and territorial integrity.
- UN and global governance: set up in 1945: maintain peace and security, foster cooperation between states, foster friendly nations.
- NATO: alliance of 30 NA & european states, 1949, focus on safeguarding and collective defence, attempt to achieve peaceful resolutions but can use military action, doesn’t have own armed forces, relies on AF of member states: 2% og GDP on defence.
- NGOs: non profit organisations that operate independently of any gov, provide humanitarian aid in conflict or finance.
- NATIONAL GOV: global gov involves cooperaton between these IGOs and national gov, mus respect national gov’s soveriegn powers.

Question 2

united nations in afghanistan

Answer 2

• Dec 2001, UN established ISAF (international security assistance force), taken over by nato in 2003. Objectives were: protect people, build afghan armed forces, counter insurgency, enable delivery of strong governance.
• UNHCR: United Nationas high commision for reguees:solutions strategy: 6 million refugees, most headed to Pakistan and Iran. Set up refugee camps: Kacha Garhi camp set up in 1980, place for 70,000 refugees, delivered aid.
• problems and solutions: refugees arrive in poor health: work with NGOs to set up healthcare. Arrive with few posessions: give welcome kits: stove, food, tents. Over half are under 18: education given, UNICEF’s school in a box. Piles of rubbish create bad conditions: UNHCR provide collection bins and recycling. River unsafe to drink: UNHCR put in pipes for safe drinking water.

Question 3

nato intervention in afghanistan

Answer 3

• UN established ISAF in 2001, taken over by NATO in 2003, aims: protect people, build afghan security forces, counter insurgency, enable strong governance.
• ISAF’s aims: secure capital of Kabul against opposition. ISAF was one of the largest coalitions in history and NATO’s challengin mission, at its height: 130,000 with troops from 51 NATO partner nations, USA contributed most troops. ISAF provided protection for voters in elections and rebuild KAbul.
• ANSF (Afghan national security forces): strengtherning state apparatus, over 350,000 personal, recruited citizens trained them and provided equipment. Reconstruction to occur, humanitarian assistance, rebuilding key gov institutions.

Question 4

ngo’s intervention in afghanistan

Answer 4

• CARITA’S: UN worked with caritas: catholic relief agencies, operates in 165 countries, poverty relief projects. Carita’s had local knowledge of refugees living in pakistani cities, UNHCR made aware of 8000 afghan families living in pakistani cities. Collaborataion helped 2000 families be repatriated to homeland.
• AFGHANAID: focused on sustainable development in rural areas in Afghanistan, bottom up approach. Provided a woman with a sewing machine: she saved to buy others with them and nowruns a seamstress school to teach others. Taught beekeeping: one man used a loan to buy his own beehive, produce honey on a large scale and teaches others, has 150 beehives.

Question 5

afghan’s government in afghanistan

Answer 5

short term: Hamid Karzai chose to collaborate with UN, ISAF increased security reestablished political control in dec 2001. Transition to democracy, new constitution adoptedin 2004 - gender equality and freedom of speech. Democratic elections since 2004.
long term: Hamid Karzai collaborated with UNHCR - solutions strategy. Afghan gov collaborated with NATO - bilateral agreement between nato and gov to provide training and equipment to ANSF. Democracy restored: Afghan parliament had female MPs. Opuim farming illegal: taliban hadused opium to fund themselved, cut off taliban’s income to cutoff insurgency.