csmp 3 Flashcards
distribution of resources, wealth and oppurtunities are not evenly spread
Housing: urban areas have more housing, those with higher income may own a house, those with lower may have poorer standard of living.
Healthcare: urban areas have more access as there is more people = higher demand, influencing factors are wealth, health and lifestyle.
Education:Urban areas have better access to education = more people = higher demand, more transport links to get to education, measured through literacy levels.
Employment: wages vary in location, cities have higher wages, more jobs in urban areas as businesses are attracted to the area, can be measured through no.of people in different sectors.
Access to services - income dictates where you live which impacts access to services, cam be measured through proximity to services.
Income - those in urban areas are more likely to have a better income, world back considers absolute poverty as 1.25 dollars a day ppp, measured through ppp.
cycle of deprivation
Poverty - low wages or unemployment = poor living conditions, poor accomidation, overcrowding =ill health, stress and strain = poor education and schools = poor occupational skills
measurements of inequality
Index of multiple deprivation- ranks all super output areas from 1 to 32,844, based on 7 criteria: income, employment, health, crime, housing, service and living environment
Gini coefficient - measures income inequality, value between 0-1, lower score = more equal, anything above 0.4 is considered severe or am emergency.
Human development index (HDI) - devised by UN development programme, used since 2010, based on 3 factors: education, life expectancy and income, ranks from 0 (least development) to 1 (most developed).
economic change in uk
1800: 85% employed in primary, 2% secondary, 13% tertiary.
1920: 43% secondary, 25% primary, 32% tertiary.
2006: 81% tertiary, 18% secondary, 1% primary.
sri lanka introduction
background: formally ceylon under british rule, 22 million, capital: Colombo (62500), EDC, 75% sinhalese, 11% tamils, tensions between the two = civil war in 1983 which lasted 26 years and killed 100,00
Economy - reliant on agriculture, plantations still found but other sectors growing, tourism is important. Since 2009, GDP increased from $2000 to$4100, its doubled in 9 years. HDI was 0.625 in 1990, it increased yo 0.768 in 2018.
colombo and batticaloa
Colombo:
Evidence of social inequality: poverty headcount 0.9%, computer literacy rate 44%, 70% in services and 2% in agriculture, mean income = 104,000 rupees, literacy rate is 96%.
Why? Huge pop means more services and job opportunities, high productivity and tourism means it contributes to half of countries GDP, close to traditional routes, investment from government.
Impact: Cinammon gardens has developed which is evident of huge economic development and wealth increase, huge divide.
Batticaloa:
Evidence of social inequality - poverty headcount - 11% , computer literacy rate 17%, 25% in agriculture 45% in services, mean income 40,000, literacy rates 85%
Why? Conflict destroyed infrastructure and peoples games, services and schools closed, jobs and homes lost, natural disasters such as boxing day tsunami caused devastation.
Impact: majority are engaged in agriculture 58%, conflict has meant low agricultural activity, war meant 500,000 fled, families separated across IDPs
sahaspura scheme
Sahaspura in Colombo once had 3500 USS, this was a scheme to remove uss and free up land for commercial development, flats situated on old 200 acre shanty, homes 5800 families, top down approach, 12,000 units under construction.
Positive outcomes - gave deeds to land = children could go to school, ethically and religiously balanced, 2800 families with private toilet facilities, low income families gained large accomidation.
Negative outcomes - high rent, 77,000 families still need basic services, poorly built flats: damp, people didn’t have a choice, not enough ground flats for those who are disabled.
gothamipura
USS in colombo, funded by international research centre in Canada, sevantga (NGO) and colombo municipal council. Sevantha carried out survey to identify problems, income was half of that of urban residents, 94% No connection to sewage system, 75% dissatisfied with rubbish disposal. After survey changes meant every household would have access to be connected to main sewage, solid waste management collection snf sorting centre are being built. 50% feel their sense of well-being has been improved.
