powers and borders 1

Question 1

states and nations

Answer 1

• state: an area of land with well define boundaries,a permamnent population, a government/someone in pwoer and international recognition. A state must have sovereignty
• Nation: where a large group of people share a cultural identity
• a nation state is a sate which a large majority of th population share a cultural identity.
  It is possible to have a state without a single nation e.g. UK has scotland, england, wales and NI. It is possible to ave a nation without a state e.g. basque country in spain and france.

State: defined territory, independent, recognised, has legal responsibilities for people, sovereignty, possibly UN membership.
Nation: a political concept, people with a strong sense of unity, may or may not have territory, political authority is strong

Question 2

territorial integrity and state apparatus

Answer 2

• territorial integrity: ech state must exercise their sovereignty within a specific territory which boundaries are established by international law, must also respect others political boundaries. These were enforced in the westphalian principles 1648 - stated that each state should respect anothers sovereignty.
• norms: accepted standards and expectations that shape how people and states operate.
• state apparatus: set of state institutions and organisations through which sovereignty is exercised e.g. legal mehcanisms to enfore rule of law, make laws, police and armed forces. Quality of the state apparatus can determine how strong and effective the sovereignty of a government is.

Question 3

maritime border challenge sovereignty and territorial integrity

Answer 3

• under un conventions for laws of sea means arctic coastal countries get default maritime border (200nm) off coast called the exculisve economic zone. In EEZ they have the right to natural resources beneath the seabed, the rest is the world’s oceans global common, but countries can claim 300nm if it is an extension of their continental shelf.
• since artic sea more natural resources are accesible, leading countries trying to find evidence of their continental shelf and submitting it to UNCLOS who descide its validity.
• norway and iceland are the only 2 to have claims approved. RUssia has placed a flag directly under north pole wihtout having approved claims by UN.
• Maritime borders challenge sovereinty as multiple want power over them and challenge territorial integrity as they ar a global common but russia has claimed it.