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Clinical Nutrition > Powerpoint 1 > Flashcards

Powerpoint 1 Flashcards

1
Q

protein, vitamin C or zinc deficiencies can lead to what in the skin?

A

poor wound healing

pressure ulcer

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2
Q

essential FA or vitamin A deficiency can lead to what in the skin?

A

dry with fine lines and shedding

follicular hyperkeratosis

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3
Q

zinc or essential FA deficincy can lead to what in the skin?

A

general dermatitis

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4
Q

IRON, folate or B12 deficiency can lead to what in the skin?

A

pallor

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5
Q

vitamin K or C deficiency can lead to what in the skin?

A

petechiae, ecchymosis

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6
Q

iron deficiency or malnutrition can lead to what in the nails?

A

spoon shaped nails

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7
Q

protein or iron deficiency can lead to what in the nails?

A

dullness

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8
Q

vitamin A or C deficiency can lead to what in the nails?

A

pale or mottled nails

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9
Q

protein deficiency can lead to what in the nails?

A

ridging, transverse lines on more than 1 nail

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10
Q

protein, zinc, biotin or linoleic acid deficiency can lead to what in the hair?

A

thin, dull

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11
Q

protein or biotin deficiency can lead to what in the hair?

A

easily pluckable hair

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12
Q

protein deficiency can lead to what in the face?

A

moon face

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13
Q

iron, folate or B12 deficiency can lead to what in the eyes?

A

pale conjunctiva

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14
Q

vitamin A deficiency can lead to what in the eyes?

A

bitot’s spot

keratomalacia

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15
Q

riboflavin or niacin deficiency can lead to what in the eyes?

A

angular palpabritis

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16
Q

riboflavin, niacin, B6, deficiency or dehydration can lead to what in the mouth?

A

angular stomatitis

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17
Q

riboflavin, niacin or dehydration can lead to what in lips?

A

cheilosis

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18
Q

riboflavin deficiency can lead to what in the tongue?

A

magenta tongue

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19
Q

riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folate or iron deficinecy can lead to what on the tongue?

A

glossitis

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20
Q

zinc deficiency can lead to what on the tongue?

A

dysgeusia (perversion of taste)

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21
Q

vitamin C or riboflavin deficiency can lead to what on the gums?

A

spongy, bleeding, receding

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22
Q

thiamin deficiency can lead to what in the musculoskeletal system?

A

pain in calves or thighs

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23
Q

thiamin, niacin or B12 deficiency can lead to what in the NS?

A

dementia

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24
Q

calcium or magnesium deficiency, sodium or phosphorous excess can lead to what in the NS?

A

tetany

25
Q

percent weight change

A

usual body minus current body weight
divided by usual body weight
multiply by 100
percent weight reduction

26
Q

what are the different time frames and percentages for weight loss?

A

1 week >2%
1 month >5%
3 months >7.5%
6 months >10%

27
Q

functional nutritional assessment components

A

intestion
digestion
utilization

28
Q

effects of food on drug absorption

A

food decreases iron supplement absorption by 50%
orange juice increases iron absorption by 85%
limit high fiber, high fat, phytate, tannin, oxalate containing foods

29
Q

how far apart should you separate mineral supplements from meds?

A

2-6 hours

30
Q

drugs can affect GI ____

A

transit time (potassium ,calcium, zinc loss)

31
Q

drugs can change __ environment

A

GI

GI meds decrease calcium, iron, and B12 absorption and may cause small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

32
Q

drugs that damage intestingal mucosa causes ___

A

multiple nutrient deficiencies

33
Q

nutrient depletions can be because of drugs because…

A

increased requirements for metabolism

34
Q

tegretol increases metabolism for..

A

vitamin D, folate, biotin

35
Q

methotrexate depletes..

A

folate

36
Q

statins deplete..

A

CoQ10

37
Q

diuretics cause..

A

electrolyte imbalance (potassium, magnesium, chloride, sodium, calcium)

38
Q

ACE inhibitors decrease..

A

potassium excretion

39
Q

corticosteroids decrease..

A

sodium excretion and increase potassium and calcium excretion

40
Q

normal waist circumfrence

A

men: < or = 40in
women: < or = 35 in

41
Q

normal waist to hip ratio

A

men < or =.95

women < or = .8

42
Q

waist to height ratio female

A
43
Q

waist to height ratio male

A
44
Q

4 parts to care process

A

assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring

45
Q

risk factors that can affect nutritional intake

A

food/nutritional intake, physiologic/social factors, physical, biochemical/meds

46
Q

MUST and PG-SGA used to screen

A

for malnutrition

47
Q

components of nutritional assessment

A

screening, health history
med and supplement use
social history
diet history

48
Q

data that is gathered in diet history

A

food allergies, appetite, chronic disease, education, GI issues, person who shops/coks, perceived concerns about patient, physical activity

49
Q

static analysis

A

measurement of nutrient or metabolite in blood, urine or body tissue

50
Q

functional analysis

A

measurement of a process requiring a specific nutrient

51
Q

stool sample analyzes…

A

fat malabsortpion, GI flora, blood, pathogens

52
Q

measures of +acute phase reactants

A

increase C reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferriten, ceruloplasmin, alpha 1 antitrypsin

53
Q

measures of -acute phase reactants

A

albumin
transferrin
prealbumin
retinol binding protein

54
Q

macrocytic anemia

A

RBC size >99 fl

folate or B12 deficiency

55
Q

microcytic anemia

A

RBC size <80 fl

MC iron, could be CU deficiency

56
Q

groups that need to be tested for CVD

A

adults with atherosclerotic CVD
adults with diabetes and LDL 70-189 mg/dL
adults with LDL >190mg/dL
adults with LDL 70-189 mg/dL and 7.5% 10 year risk of CVD

57
Q

long term marker for blood glucose control

A

Hgb A1C

58
Q

markers for oxidative stress

A 
vitamin C, E
selenium
carotenoids
superoxide mutase
catalase
glutathione
59
Q

BMI

A 
<16 severe thinness
16-16.9 moderate thinness
17-18.49 mild thinness
18.5-24.9 healthy
> or = 25 overweight
25-29.9 preobese
30-34.9 obese class I
35-39.9 obese class II
> or = 40 obese class III

Clinical Nutrition (19 decks)

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