Powerpoint 1 Flashcards by Rachael Beverage

protein, vitamin C or zinc deficiencies can lead to what in the skin?

poor wound healing

pressure ulcer

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essential FA or vitamin A deficiency can lead to what in the skin?

dry with fine lines and shedding

follicular hyperkeratosis

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zinc or essential FA deficincy can lead to what in the skin?

general dermatitis

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IRON, folate or B12 deficiency can lead to what in the skin?

pallor

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vitamin K or C deficiency can lead to what in the skin?

petechiae, ecchymosis

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iron deficiency or malnutrition can lead to what in the nails?

spoon shaped nails

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protein or iron deficiency can lead to what in the nails?

dullness

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vitamin A or C deficiency can lead to what in the nails?

pale or mottled nails

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protein deficiency can lead to what in the nails?

ridging, transverse lines on more than 1 nail

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protein, zinc, biotin or linoleic acid deficiency can lead to what in the hair?

thin, dull

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protein or biotin deficiency can lead to what in the hair?

easily pluckable hair

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protein deficiency can lead to what in the face?

moon face

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iron, folate or B12 deficiency can lead to what in the eyes?

pale conjunctiva

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vitamin A deficiency can lead to what in the eyes?

bitot’s spot

keratomalacia

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riboflavin or niacin deficiency can lead to what in the eyes?

angular palpabritis

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riboflavin, niacin, B6, deficiency or dehydration can lead to what in the mouth?

angular stomatitis

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riboflavin, niacin or dehydration can lead to what in lips?

cheilosis

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riboflavin deficiency can lead to what in the tongue?

magenta tongue

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riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folate or iron deficinecy can lead to what on the tongue?

glossitis

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zinc deficiency can lead to what on the tongue?

dysgeusia (perversion of taste)

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vitamin C or riboflavin deficiency can lead to what on the gums?

spongy, bleeding, receding

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thiamin deficiency can lead to what in the musculoskeletal system?

pain in calves or thighs

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thiamin, niacin or B12 deficiency can lead to what in the NS?

dementia

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calcium or magnesium deficiency, sodium or phosphorous excess can lead to what in the NS?

tetany

percent weight change

usual body minus current body weight divided by usual body weight multiply by 100 percent weight reduction

what are the different time frames and percentages for weight loss?

1 week >2% 1 month >5% 3 months >7.5% 6 months >10%

functional nutritional assessment components

intestion digestion utilization

effects of food on drug absorption

food decreases iron supplement absorption by 50% orange juice increases iron absorption by 85% limit high fiber, high fat, phytate, tannin, oxalate containing foods

how far apart should you separate mineral supplements from meds?

2-6 hours

drugs can affect GI ____

transit time (potassium ,calcium, zinc loss)

drugs can change __ environment

GI | GI meds decrease calcium, iron, and B12 absorption and may cause small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

drugs that damage intestingal mucosa causes ___

multiple nutrient deficiencies

nutrient depletions can be because of drugs because...

increased requirements for metabolism

tegretol increases metabolism for..

vitamin D, folate, biotin

methotrexate depletes..

folate

statins deplete..

CoQ10

diuretics cause..

electrolyte imbalance (potassium, magnesium, chloride, sodium, calcium)

ACE inhibitors decrease..

potassium excretion

corticosteroids decrease..

sodium excretion and increase potassium and calcium excretion

normal waist circumfrence

men: < or = 40in women: < or = 35 in

normal waist to hip ratio

men < or =.95 | women < or = .8

waist to height ratio female

waist to height ratio male

4 parts to care process

assessment, diagnosis, intervention, monitoring

risk factors that can affect nutritional intake

food/nutritional intake, physiologic/social factors, physical, biochemical/meds

MUST and PG-SGA used to screen

for malnutrition

components of nutritional assessment

screening, health history med and supplement use social history diet history

data that is gathered in diet history

food allergies, appetite, chronic disease, education, GI issues, person who shops/coks, perceived concerns about patient, physical activity

static analysis

measurement of nutrient or metabolite in blood, urine or body tissue

functional analysis

measurement of a process requiring a specific nutrient

stool sample analyzes...

fat malabsortpion, GI flora, blood, pathogens

measures of +acute phase reactants

increase C reactive protein, fibrinogen, ferriten, ceruloplasmin, alpha 1 antitrypsin

measures of -acute phase reactants

albumin transferrin prealbumin retinol binding protein

macrocytic anemia

RBC size >99 fl | folate or B12 deficiency

microcytic anemia

RBC size <80 fl | MC iron, could be CU deficiency

groups that need to be tested for CVD

adults with atherosclerotic CVD adults with diabetes and LDL 70-189 mg/dL adults with LDL >190mg/dL adults with LDL 70-189 mg/dL and 7.5% 10 year risk of CVD

long term marker for blood glucose control

Hgb A1C

markers for oxidative stress

``` vitamin C, E selenium carotenoids superoxide mutase catalase glutathione ```

BMI

``` <16 severe thinness 16-16.9 moderate thinness 17-18.49 mild thinness 18.5-24.9 healthy > or = 25 overweight 25-29.9 preobese 30-34.9 obese class I 35-39.9 obese class II > or = 40 obese class III ```