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Clinical Nutrition > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

chronic disease is the cause of __% of US deaths

A

70%

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2
Q

most preventable risk factors for chronic disease

A

unhealthy diet
smoking
physical inactivity

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3
Q

__% of health care dollars are spent on chonic disease management

A

86%

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4
Q

allostasis

A

process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis

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5
Q

inflammation may be initiated to___, but also stimulates ___along the way

A

tissue adaptation

damage

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6
Q

what is a biomarker of systemic inflammation?

A

high sensitivity C reactive protein

strongest predictor of cardiovascular events

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7
Q

deficiency vs insufficiency

A

deficiency: very low level of nutrient found in blood that causes a specific disease
insufficiency: subclinical or deficient nutrient pools due to chronic poor intake

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8
Q

RDA

A

minimum amount of a nutrient to prevent deficincy in 97.5% of population (NOT OPTIMAL AMOUNT)

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9
Q

calcium and

A

vitamin D

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10
Q

omega 3 and

A

omega 6

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11
Q

magnesium and

A

calcium

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12
Q

sodium and

A

potassium

calcium

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13
Q

zinc and

A

copper

calcium

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14
Q

b complex

A

B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12

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15
Q

antioxidants and

A

ROS

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16
Q

what leads to a production of inflammatory adipokines and cytokines?

A

immune function under physiologic or metabolic stress

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17
Q

silent inflammation causes..

A

cellular and tissue damage for years before causing dysfunction

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18
Q

and inflammed environgment in utero can cause

A

altered brain development and life-long epigenetic modifications

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19
Q

chronic inflammation causes

A

energy dysregulation due to mitochondrial dysfunction
changes in gut microbiome
alters body fat distribution

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20
Q

inflammation can cause..

A 
cancer
CVD
Alzheimer's
diabetes
arthritis
autoimmune conditions
neurologic diseases
pulmonary disorders
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21
Q

what is included for total inflammatory load?

A 
infection
trauma
antigens
lack of sleep
autoimmune
stress/toxins
poor lifestyle habits
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22
Q

nutrient modulators of inflammation

A 
omega 3
omega 6
magnesium
zinc
B complex vitamins
vitamin D
flavinoids
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23
Q

what is the general ratio of omega 3s and omega 6s?

A

between 3:1 and 7:1

24
Q

how do we get the omega balance?

A

increse omega 3

decrease omega 6

25
Q

lipid peroxides

A

elevated due to oxidative stress

26
Q

eosinophils

A

elevated marker of allergies, parasites, autoimmune or cancer

27
Q

liver: GGT

A

elevated due to liver disease, cancer and toxicity

28
Q

liver: ALT&AST

A

elevated due to liver inflammation

29
Q

ESR

A

systemic inflammation related to autoimmune or viral infections

30
Q

TNF alpha

A

systemic inflammation

31
Q

high sensitivity C reactive protein

A

systemic inflammation

32
Q

in order for ARA and EPA (omega 6) to be useful in the body, what needs to happen?

A

it either needs to go through the COX pathway or LOX pathway

33
Q

COX pathway ARA

A

2 series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (inflammatory, clotters

34
Q

LOX pathway ARA

A

4 series leukotriens (inflammation

35
Q

COX pathway EPA

A

3 series prostaglandins (little to no effect)

36
Q

LOX pathway EPA

A

5 series leukotriens (little to no effect)

37
Q

describe magnesium

A

calcium-channel blocker
low dietary intake is a risk factor for chronic disease
associated with obesity-induced inflamation
functions best with calcium and zinc

38
Q

zinc deficiency causes a decrease in production of..

A

T lymphocytes

39
Q

what is required for signaling during inflammatory reactions?

A

zinc

40
Q

low __ and __ altera gut permeability

A

Mg

Zn

41
Q

zinc prefers to partner with..

A

copper

42
Q

low____is an indication of a zinc deficincy

A

alkaline phsophatase

43
Q

B complex is important for..

A

methylation

44
Q

which Bs are most rate-limiting?

A

folate, B12, B6, fiboflavin

45
Q

what is altered by mutations in genes coding for enzymes?

A

B complex

46
Q

what simulates epigenetic-induced gene expression?

A

B complex

47
Q

B complex alters redox status within..

A

organelles

48
Q

what decreases markers of inflammation?

A

vitamin D

49
Q

lycopene

A

red color

50
Q

quercetin

A

high cocnetrations in green tea, cauliflower, onions

51
Q

catechins

A

red wine

chocolate

52
Q

epigallocatechin-3-gallate

A

green tea

53
Q

quercetin

A

found in almost everyhting

54
Q

name the different flavinoids

A 
alpha lipoic acid
curcumin
quercetin
lycopene
catechins
epigallocatechin-3-gallate
55
Q

diets to decrease inflammation

A

mediterranean diet
nordic diet
MIND diet

56
Q

MIND diet***

A 
green leafy veggies
other veggies at least once a day
nuts (5x/week)
berries:2x/week)
beans: (3x/week)
whole grains (3x/day)
fish: (1x/week)
poultry: (2x/week)
olive oil (main cooking oil)
wine: (one glass a day)
57
Q

avoid on MIND diet

A 
red meat (<4x/week)
butter( <1tbsp/day)
cheese (<1serving/week)
pasteries (<5 serving/week)
fried/fast food(<1x/week)

Clinical Nutrition (19 decks)

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