Inflammation

Question 1

chronic disease is the cause of __% of US deaths

Answer 1

70%

Question 2

most preventable risk factors for chronic disease

Answer 2

unhealthy diet
smoking
physical inactivity

Question 3

__% of health care dollars are spent on chonic disease management

Answer 3

86%

Question 4

allostasis

Answer 4

process by which the body responds to stressors in order to regain homeostasis

Question 5

inflammation may be initiated to___, but also stimulates ___along the way

Answer 5

tissue adaptation

damage

Question 6

what is a biomarker of systemic inflammation?

Answer 6

high sensitivity C reactive protein

strongest predictor of cardiovascular events

Question 7

deficiency vs insufficiency

Answer 7

deficiency: very low level of nutrient found in blood that causes a specific disease
insufficiency: subclinical or deficient nutrient pools due to chronic poor intake

Question 8

RDA

Answer 8

minimum amount of a nutrient to prevent deficincy in 97.5% of population (NOT OPTIMAL AMOUNT)

Question 9

calcium and

Answer 9

vitamin D

Question 10

omega 3 and

Answer 10

omega 6

Question 11

magnesium and

Answer 11

calcium

Question 12

sodium and

Answer 12

potassium

calcium

Question 13

zinc and

Answer 13

copper

calcium

Question 14

b complex

Answer 14

B1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 12

Question 15

antioxidants and

Answer 15

ROS

Question 16

what leads to a production of inflammatory adipokines and cytokines?

Answer 16

immune function under physiologic or metabolic stress

Question 17

silent inflammation causes..

Answer 17

cellular and tissue damage for years before causing dysfunction

Question 18

and inflammed environgment in utero can cause

Answer 18

altered brain development and life-long epigenetic modifications

Question 19

chronic inflammation causes

Answer 19

energy dysregulation due to mitochondrial dysfunction
changes in gut microbiome
alters body fat distribution

Question 20

inflammation can cause..

Answer 20

cancer
CVD
Alzheimer's
diabetes
arthritis
autoimmune conditions
neurologic diseases
pulmonary disorders

Question 21

what is included for total inflammatory load?

Answer 21

infection
trauma
antigens
lack of sleep
autoimmune
stress/toxins
poor lifestyle habits

Question 22

nutrient modulators of inflammation

Answer 22

omega 3
omega 6
magnesium
zinc
B complex vitamins
vitamin D
flavinoids

Question 23

what is the general ratio of omega 3s and omega 6s?

Answer 23

between 3:1 and 7:1

Question 24

how do we get the omega balance?

Answer 24

increse omega 3

decrease omega 6

Question 25

lipid peroxides

Answer 25

elevated due to oxidative stress

Question 26

eosinophils

Answer 26

elevated marker of allergies, parasites, autoimmune or cancer

Question 27

liver: GGT

Answer 27

elevated due to liver disease, cancer and toxicity

Question 28

liver: ALT&AST

Answer 28

elevated due to liver inflammation

Question 29

ESR

Answer 29

systemic inflammation related to autoimmune or viral infections

Question 30

TNF alpha

Answer 30

systemic inflammation

Question 31

high sensitivity C reactive protein

Answer 31

systemic inflammation

Question 32

in order for ARA and EPA (omega 6) to be useful in the body, what needs to happen?

Answer 32

it either needs to go through the COX pathway or LOX pathway

Question 33

COX pathway ARA

Answer 33

2 series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (inflammatory, clotters

Question 34

LOX pathway ARA

Answer 34

4 series leukotriens (inflammation

Question 35

COX pathway EPA

Answer 35

3 series prostaglandins (little to no effect)

Question 36

LOX pathway EPA

Answer 36

5 series leukotriens (little to no effect)

Question 37

describe magnesium

Answer 37

calcium-channel blocker low dietary intake is a risk factor for chronic disease associated with obesity-induced inflamation functions best with calcium and zinc

Question 38

zinc deficiency causes a decrease in production of..

Answer 38

T lymphocytes

Question 39

what is required for signaling during inflammatory reactions?

Answer 39

zinc

Question 40

low __ and __ altera gut permeability

Answer 40

Mg | Zn

Question 41

zinc prefers to partner with..

Answer 41

copper

Question 42

low____is an indication of a zinc deficincy

Answer 42

alkaline phsophatase

Question 43

B complex is important for..

Answer 43

methylation

Question 44

which Bs are most rate-limiting?

Answer 44

folate, B12, B6, fiboflavin

Question 45

what is altered by mutations in genes coding for enzymes?

Answer 45

B complex

Question 46

what simulates epigenetic-induced gene expression?

Answer 46

B complex

Question 47

B complex alters redox status within..

Answer 47

organelles

Question 48

what decreases markers of inflammation?

Answer 48

vitamin D

Question 49

lycopene

Answer 49

red color

Question 50

quercetin

Answer 50

high cocnetrations in green tea, cauliflower, onions

Question 51

catechins

Answer 51

red wine | chocolate

Question 52

epigallocatechin-3-gallate

Answer 52

green tea

Question 53

quercetin

Answer 53

found in almost everyhting

Question 54

name the different flavinoids

Answer 54

``` alpha lipoic acid curcumin quercetin lycopene catechins epigallocatechin-3-gallate ```

Question 55

diets to decrease inflammation

Answer 55

mediterranean diet nordic diet MIND diet

Question 56

MIND diet***

Answer 56

``` green leafy veggies other veggies at least once a day nuts (5x/week) berries:2x/week) beans: (3x/week) whole grains (3x/day) fish: (1x/week) poultry: (2x/week) olive oil (main cooking oil) wine: (one glass a day) ```

Question 57

avoid on MIND diet

Answer 57

``` red meat (<4x/week) butter( <1tbsp/day) cheese (<1serving/week) pasteries (<5 serving/week) fried/fast food(<1x/week) ```