Liver Disorders Flashcards
what is increased with liver damage?
(hepatic serum enzymes) ALT, AST
nutritional requirement for liver disease?
protein 1.2-1.3g/kg/d vit ADEK (if steatorrhea present) B vitamins (if an alcoholic, specifically thaimin) iron (with chronic bleeding) magnesium and zinc (if alcoholic)
what is the most commonly recommended supplement for the liver?
milk thistle
gallstones are caused by?
low fiber, high fat diets
high animal protein
what should you do for acute cholecystitis?
rest bowels
low fat diet (30-45g/d)
what should you do for chronic cholecystitis?
long term low fat diet
25-30% cal from diet
secretin stimulation test
measures pancreatic secretion, especially bicarbonate in response to secretin
gluose tolerance test
assess endocrine function of the pancreas
72 hr fecal fat test
assess exocrine function of the pancreas
fecal elastase test
most common enzyme to determine pancreatic function
recommendations for acute pancreatitis
rest bowels
easily digestible carbs, low fat, 6 small meals, adequate protein
recommendations for chronic pancreatitis
at risk for protein enetgy malnutriotn same as diet as acute supplement pancreatic enzymes supplement ADEK and B12 alcohol is prohibited
kidney stone prevention
fluid- at least 1 cup per meal, between meals, bed time and when up at night
cranberry juice, black currant
limit animal proteins
reduce oxalate
prevension of kidney stones
Na:K needs to be <1
decrease intake of citrate, fructose, vitamin C supplements, ridiculously high doses of vitaminD
incrase intake of vitamin B6, EPA (omega 3)
what are the most common type of kidney stones?
calcium stones
what helps decrease calcium stones
dietary calcium
oxalate stones are due to?
fatty malabsorption (MC) low vitamin B6 limit oxalate containing foods ecessive vitamin C lack of oxalobacter formigenes
high oxalate foods to limit
rhubarb spinach straberries chocolate wheat bran and whole grainwheat nuts (almonds and pecans) peanuts beets tea high dose tumeric
what are the stones that can dissolve?
uric acid stones
what are uric acid stones due to?
low urine pH too much acidic foods too little alkaline foods limit meat, fish, poultry avoid organ meats, anchovies, sardines, broth and gravy
