Nutrition for Anemia

Question 1

abnormality for hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Answer 1

iron deficiency

Question 2

abnormality for macrocytic anemia

Answer 2

B12 deficiency

Question 3

abnormality for megaloblastic anemia

Answer 3

folate defciency

Question 4

cause of hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Answer 4

inadequate intake
inadequate absorption
increased demands
blood loss
inadequate heme synthesis

Question 5

cause of macrocytic anemia

Answer 5

pernicious anemia
malabsorption
inadequate intake

Question 6

cause of megaloblastic anemia

Answer 6

malabsorption, inadequate intake

Question 7

treatment for hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Answer 7

ferrous sulfate
zinc
copper

Question 8

treatment for macrocytic anemia

Answer 8

B12

Question 9

treatment for megaloblastic anemia

Answer 9

folic acid

Question 10

when is anemia diagnosed?

Answer 10

<12g/dL women

<13g/dL men

Question 11

stage IV negative iron balance

Answer 11

supplements and dietary changes
50-100mg of elemental iron given 3 times a day
don’t forget vitamin C
patients who are not responding to iron therapy may benefirt from addition of zinc supplement

Question 12

stage III negative iron balance

Answer 12

dietary changes

Question 13

dietary changes to improve iron status

Answer 13

eat foods with at least 10% RDA
heme iron in meat, fish and poultry is best absorbed
limit inhibitors of iron absorption

Question 14

what are the inhibitors of iron?

Answer 14

carbonates
oxalates
phosphates
phytates
tea
coffee

Question 15

treatment for hemochronatosis

Answer 15

bloodletting

chelators (EDTA)

Question 16

nutrition intervention for hemochromatosis

Answer 16

educate about heme vs non heme, vitamin C
avoidance of cast-iron, fortified foods, MVM with iron, vitamin C supplements and alcohol
increase fiber phytates and tannin consumption, limit meas

Question 17

definition of metaloblastic anemia

Answer 17

large, immature RBC unable to function properly due to inadequate DNA synthesis

Question 18

megaloblastic anemia is caused by

Answer 18

folate or B12 deficiency

Question 19

what gene is required for folate absorption

Answer 19

MTHFR

Question 20

treatment for folate deficiency anemia

Answer 20

folic acid supplements (1mg/d for 2-3 weeks)
maitenance dose for absorption (500-1000mcg/d)
eat at least fresh, uncooked fruit or veggie or drink 1 glass of juice daily

Question 21

treatment for B12 deficiency anemia

Answer 21

B12 supplements (1000mcg/d)
high protein diet (especially animal proteins)
leafy greens should be incorporated for iron and folate

Question 22

less common nutritional anemias

Answer 22

anemia of protein-energy malnutrition
copper-deficiency anemia
sideroblastic anemia (B6 responsive)
hemolytic anemia (Vit E responsive