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Clinical Nutrition > Infant and Childhood Nutrition > Flashcards

Infant and Childhood Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

energy infant needs

A

enough to maintain growth and devleopment

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2
Q

protein infant needs

A

0-6months- 9.1 g/d

6-12 months- 11g/d

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3
Q

lipid infant needs

A

minimum of 30 g/d

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4
Q

carb infant needs

A

30-60% energy

avoid honey and corn syrups due to clostridium botulinum spores

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5
Q

vitamin d infant needs

A

high dose supplements to lactating mothers increases breast milk concentration
recommended to supplement full or paritally breastfed infants with 400 IU/d

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6
Q

vitamin k infant needs

A

deficiency causes brain bleeds in newborns

more comon in breastfed inants

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7
Q

vitamin B12 infant needs

A

only a concern if breastfeeding from a vegan mother

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8
Q

iron infant needs

A

term infants born with 4-6 months of iron

delayed cord clamping= 1.25 months worth of iron

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9
Q

clinical practice guidelines for preventing anemia for complete or partially term breastfed infants

A

supplemented at 4 onths (1mg/kg/day)

supplementation continued until iron-containing foods introduced

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10
Q

complete or partially preterm breastfed infants (iron)

A

supplemented at 1 month of age (2mg/kg/day)

supplementation continued unntil iron-containing foods introduced

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11
Q

formula-fed infants (iron)

A

no supplementation needed

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12
Q

toddlers not meeting intake (iron)

A

liquid supplements until 3 years

chewable vitamins

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13
Q

RDAs for iron

A

0-6months= 0.27 mg/d
6-12 months= 11mg/d
1-3 years= 7mg/d

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14
Q

zinc defieicncy in infants

A

breast milk has enough to meet needs for first 6 months (low content, high absorption)
decreases throughout lactation
animal zinc is easier to absorb
you need 50% more plant zinc to overcome phytate

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15
Q

when do you introduce water?

A

small amounts in a sippy cup around 6-12 months

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16
Q

when do you introduce honey and corn syrup?

A

after 1 year

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17
Q

when do you introduce cow’s milk?

A

1 year

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18
Q

what kind of cow’s milk should you give your child and when?

A

whole- 1-2 years
2% until 5 years
varies depending on the growth of the child

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19
Q

6-8 months food recommendations

A

breastfed: pureed meats, eggs, veggies, fruits

formula fed: infant cereals, veggies, fruits, meats and eggs

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20
Q

7-9 month food recommendations

A

sliced bananas, cooked carrots, well cooked pasta, grahm crackers, soft cheeses
introduce sippy cup with water and finger foods

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21
Q

9-12 months

A

start eating “adult” foods

avoid raw veggies, nuts, seeds, whole grapes, cherry tomatoes, hot dogs, popcorn, spoonfuls of PB

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22
Q

when do you introduce juice?

A

not until they can drink out of a cup

23
Q

how much fruit juice can you give children 1-6 years?

A

4-6 oz/day

1/2 juice, 1/2 water

24
Q

juices better tolerated by kids

A

apple
pear
white grape

25
Q

protein requirement for 1-3 year olds

A

13g/d

26
Q

protein requirements for 4-8 year olds

A

19g/d

27
Q

protein requirements for 9-13 year olds

A

34g/d

28
Q

fat is important for..

A

brain function until 3 years

29
Q

what percent of calories should come from fat for children?

A

30%

30
Q

iron, calcium, vitamin D and zinc requirements for 1-3 year olds

A

iron: 7mg/d
calcium:700mg/d
D: 600 IU/d
zinc: 3mg/d

31
Q

Fe, Ca2+, D, Zn requirements for 4-8 year olds

A

Fe: 10mg/d
Ca2+: 1000 mg/d
D: 600IU/d
Zn: 5mg/d

32
Q

Fe, Ca, D, Zn requriements for 9-13

A

Fe: 8mg/d
Ca:1300mg/d
D: 600IU/d
Zn: 8mg/d

33
Q

which type of heme is better?

A

heme is better than nonheme

34
Q

what competes with calcium?

A

iron

35
Q

what other nutrients should you include with iron?

A

protein and vitamin C

36
Q

what are easy foods to get iron from?

A

pureed meat

skin of baked potato

37
Q

50% of kids 1-5 years old meet RDA of?

A

calcium

38
Q

where can children get vitamin D?

A

dairy or non-dairy milks

39
Q

where can children get zinc?

A

fish, shellfish, meats

40
Q

children who can benefit from vitamin and mineral supplements

A 
anorexic
inadequate appetite
FAD diet
chronic disease
food-deprived families
neglect or abuse
on weight managment diets
failure to thrive
are vegetarian without adequate dairy
developmental disabilities
41
Q

how should you feed preschool children?

A

offer appropriate portion sizes
1/4 to 1/2 adult portion
6 small meals a day
snacks are just as important meals

42
Q

how often do 2-3 year olds need to try foods before deciding they like/dislike it?

A

at least 10 times

43
Q

how often do 4-5 year olds need to try foods before deciding they like/dislike it?

A

11-15 times

44
Q

national school lunch program offers?

A 
fruits and veggies daily
meat/meat sub daily
whole grains
skim and low fat milk
foods without transfat
45
Q

how can you prevent chronic disease in children?

A

balanced diet
physical activity of at least 60 minutes every day
limit screen time to <2hrs/d

46
Q

what are the different nutritional concerns in childhood?

A

obesity
underweight
iron deficiency
dental caries

47
Q

what is the most complicated nutritional deficiency in children?

A

iron

48
Q

why are some children underweight?

A

illness, constipation, feeding problems, lack of food

49
Q

__% of kids 2-19 are obese

A

17%

50
Q

what nutritional therapies can you do to help ADHD?

A

elimination diets (in a small subset of pts)
behavior modification for eating habits
small portions of healthy whole foods at regular intervals
limit TV during meals
maybe supplement EPA, folate, high fiber diet
avoid refined sugars and high fat diet

51
Q

how can you prevent cardiovascular disease in children?

A

limit saturated fats (7-10%)
increase fruits and veggies
limit extra calories
increase fiber

52
Q

how can you prevent bone disease in children?

A

encourage calcium and vitamin D containing beverages

adequate protein

53
Q

what physical activity does a child need to do?

A

60 minutes a day

3 days/wk of strength training

Clinical Nutrition (19 decks)

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