Infant and Childhood Nutrition

Question 1

energy infant needs

Answer 1

enough to maintain growth and devleopment

Question 2

protein infant needs

Answer 2

0-6months- 9.1 g/d

6-12 months- 11g/d

Question 3

lipid infant needs

Answer 3

minimum of 30 g/d

Question 4

carb infant needs

Answer 4

30-60% energy

avoid honey and corn syrups due to clostridium botulinum spores

Question 5

vitamin d infant needs

Answer 5

high dose supplements to lactating mothers increases breast milk concentration
recommended to supplement full or paritally breastfed infants with 400 IU/d

Question 6

vitamin k infant needs

Answer 6

deficiency causes brain bleeds in newborns

more comon in breastfed inants

Question 7

vitamin B12 infant needs

Answer 7

only a concern if breastfeeding from a vegan mother

Question 8

iron infant needs

Answer 8

term infants born with 4-6 months of iron

delayed cord clamping= 1.25 months worth of iron

Question 9

clinical practice guidelines for preventing anemia for complete or partially term breastfed infants

Answer 9

supplemented at 4 onths (1mg/kg/day)

supplementation continued until iron-containing foods introduced

Question 10

complete or partially preterm breastfed infants (iron)

Answer 10

supplemented at 1 month of age (2mg/kg/day)

supplementation continued unntil iron-containing foods introduced

Question 11

formula-fed infants (iron)

Answer 11

no supplementation needed

Question 12

toddlers not meeting intake (iron)

Answer 12

liquid supplements until 3 years

chewable vitamins

Question 13

RDAs for iron

Answer 13

0-6months= 0.27 mg/d
6-12 months= 11mg/d
1-3 years= 7mg/d

Question 14

zinc defieicncy in infants

Answer 14

breast milk has enough to meet needs for first 6 months (low content, high absorption)
decreases throughout lactation
animal zinc is easier to absorb
you need 50% more plant zinc to overcome phytate

Question 15

when do you introduce water?

Answer 15

small amounts in a sippy cup around 6-12 months

Question 16

when do you introduce honey and corn syrup?

Answer 16

after 1 year

Question 17

when do you introduce cow’s milk?

Answer 17

1 year

Question 18

what kind of cow’s milk should you give your child and when?

Answer 18

whole- 1-2 years
2% until 5 years
varies depending on the growth of the child

Question 19

6-8 months food recommendations

Answer 19

breastfed: pureed meats, eggs, veggies, fruits

formula fed: infant cereals, veggies, fruits, meats and eggs

Question 20

7-9 month food recommendations

Answer 20

sliced bananas, cooked carrots, well cooked pasta, grahm crackers, soft cheeses
introduce sippy cup with water and finger foods

Question 21

9-12 months

Answer 21

start eating “adult” foods

avoid raw veggies, nuts, seeds, whole grapes, cherry tomatoes, hot dogs, popcorn, spoonfuls of PB

Question 22

when do you introduce juice?

Answer 22

not until they can drink out of a cup

Question 23

how much fruit juice can you give children 1-6 years?

Answer 23

4-6 oz/day

1/2 juice, 1/2 water

Question 24

juices better tolerated by kids

Answer 24

apple
pear
white grape

Question 25

protein requirement for 1-3 year olds

Answer 25

13g/d

Question 26

protein requirements for 4-8 year olds

Answer 26

19g/d

Question 27

protein requirements for 9-13 year olds

Answer 27

34g/d

Question 28

fat is important for..

Answer 28

brain function until 3 years

Question 29

what percent of calories should come from fat for children?

Answer 29

30%

Question 30

iron, calcium, vitamin D and zinc requirements for 1-3 year olds

Answer 30

iron: 7mg/d calcium:700mg/d D: 600 IU/d zinc: 3mg/d

Question 31

Fe, Ca2+, D, Zn requirements for 4-8 year olds

Answer 31

Fe: 10mg/d Ca2+: 1000 mg/d D: 600IU/d Zn: 5mg/d

Question 32

Fe, Ca, D, Zn requriements for 9-13

Answer 32

Fe: 8mg/d Ca:1300mg/d D: 600IU/d Zn: 8mg/d

Question 33

which type of heme is better?

Answer 33

heme is better than nonheme

Question 34

what competes with calcium?

Answer 34

iron

Question 35

what other nutrients should you include with iron?

Answer 35

protein and vitamin C

Question 36

what are easy foods to get iron from?

Answer 36

pureed meat | skin of baked potato

Question 37

50% of kids 1-5 years old meet RDA of?

Answer 37

calcium

Question 38

where can children get vitamin D?

Answer 38

dairy or non-dairy milks

Question 39

where can children get zinc?

Answer 39

fish, shellfish, meats

Question 40

children who can benefit from vitamin and mineral supplements

Answer 40

``` anorexic inadequate appetite FAD diet chronic disease food-deprived families neglect or abuse on weight managment diets failure to thrive are vegetarian without adequate dairy developmental disabilities ```

Question 41

how should you feed preschool children?

Answer 41

offer appropriate portion sizes 1/4 to 1/2 adult portion 6 small meals a day snacks are just as important meals

Question 42

how often do 2-3 year olds need to try foods before deciding they like/dislike it?

Answer 42

at least 10 times

Question 43

how often do 4-5 year olds need to try foods before deciding they like/dislike it?

Answer 43

11-15 times

Question 44

national school lunch program offers?

Answer 44

``` fruits and veggies daily meat/meat sub daily whole grains skim and low fat milk foods without transfat ```

Question 45

how can you prevent chronic disease in children?

Answer 45

balanced diet physical activity of at least 60 minutes every day limit screen time to <2hrs/d

Question 46

what are the different nutritional concerns in childhood?

Answer 46

obesity underweight iron deficiency dental caries

Question 47

what is the most complicated nutritional deficiency in children?

Answer 47

iron

Question 48

why are some children underweight?

Answer 48

illness, constipation, feeding problems, lack of food

Question 49

__% of kids 2-19 are obese

Answer 49

17%

Question 50

what nutritional therapies can you do to help ADHD?

Answer 50

elimination diets (in a small subset of pts) behavior modification for eating habits small portions of healthy whole foods at regular intervals limit TV during meals maybe supplement EPA, folate, high fiber diet avoid refined sugars and high fat diet

Question 51

how can you prevent cardiovascular disease in children?

Answer 51

limit saturated fats (7-10%) increase fruits and veggies limit extra calories increase fiber

Question 52

how can you prevent bone disease in children?

Answer 52

encourage calcium and vitamin D containing beverages | adequate protein

Question 53

what physical activity does a child need to do?

Answer 53

60 minutes a day | 3 days/wk of strength training