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NAVLE ok... > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

Salmonella pullorum/gallinarum
Where is it distributed?
How is it transmitted
What species does it infect?

A

Outside the US - its eradicated
Egg-transmitted, horizontally
Chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, pheasants, sparrows, and parrots

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2
Q

What CS & lesions are seen with salmonella pullorum/gallinarum?

A

FAD
CS: sudden death, septic arthritis (few signs in adults) - in most cases no clinical disease associated

lesions: white nodules or foci in heart, liver, cecum and gizzard, yellow-red inflammatory exudate in cecum, splenomegaly

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3
Q

How do you test for salmonella pullorum?

A

Plate agglutination test

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4
Q

Necrotic dermatitis or gangrenous dermatitis
Cauastive agents
CS:
How is it managed?

A

Clostridia septicum, clostridia perfringens A & C, staph. Aureus
CS: only causes signs if there is immunosuppression (necrosis and hemorrhage of skin)
Manage via minimizing overcrowding, clean litter

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5
Q 
Necrotic enteritis
Causative agent
In what species is it found?
Age
CS
When does it cause disease?
A

Clostridium perfringens types A & C
Floor-raised broilers and turkeys
Age: ~ 3 weeks of age
CS: gut damage, weakness, depression, death

Organism is always present, but something has to go wrong for it to cause disease

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6
Q

What does E. Coli cause?

Is it primary or secondary organism?

A

Colibacillosis

Secondary - its part of the normal flora of the environment

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7
Q

What is the most common bacterial infection in the US?

A

E. Coli - colibacillosis

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8
Q

Colibacillosis CS triad

A

Caused by E. Coli

  1. Pericarditis
  2. Perihepatitis
  3. Air sacculitis
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9
Q

Salpingitis
What is it
What is it seen with?

A

Infection of the repro tract

E. Coli

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10
Q

Pasterurella multocida
What is the common disease name?
Transmission
How often does it cause problem?

A

Fowl cholera
Transmission: enters mucous membranes of pharynx

Not often; its ubiquitous - we just vax for it: both Killed and live

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11
Q 
Infectious Coryza
Causative agent
Species
CS
prevention
A

Avibacterium paragallinarum
Laying chickens
CS: foul odor, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, decreased production
Prevention: vaccinate, all-in/out

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12
Q

Aspergillosis

What type of contamination is it?

A

Environmental contamination - ubquitous

Not transmitted from bird to bird

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13
Q 
Infectious Laryngotracheitis
Virus type
Who is the primary host?
Transmission
Where does it replicate?
Where does it persist?
A

Alpha-herpes virus
Primary host: chickens
Transmission: ocular and respiratory routes of entry
Replicates in and lyses epithelium of larynx, trachea, bronchi, conjunctiva, and sinuses
Persists: lung subclinically and trigeminal ganglion in latent infection

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14
Q

CS of Infectious Laryngotracheitis

Histopath of trachea

A

Gasp for air, blood on mouth, shaking head

Histopath: epithelial syncytia containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

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15
Q 
Infectious bursal disease
Species
Common disease name
CS
Lesions
Transmission
Control
A

Chickens and turkeys
Aka Gumboro disease
CS: rapid onset, ruffled feathers, watery diarrhea, severe prostration
Lesions: primarily bursa of fabricius necrosis
Control: vas young chicks to prevent immunosuppression, vax breeders to transfer persistent Ab to progeny

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16
Q 
Newcastle disease
Virus type
What virus type is exotic newcastle?
CS
Lesions
Transmission
A

Paramyxoviridae
Velogenic
CS exotic: super infectious, death
CS non-exotic: edema of head, greenish diarrhea, resp & neuro signs
Lesions: edematous comb w/ hemorrhage, conjunctival & ventriculus hemorrhage, edema in neck
Transmission: direct contact (fomites, feces, respiratory discharge, etc)

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17
Q

Marek’s disease
Virus type
3 serotypes

A

Alpha herpesvirus

Serotype 1: oncogenic
Serotype 2: non-oncogenic
Serotype 3: turkey origin herpesvirus

18
Q 
Marek's disease
CS
Lesions
Transmission
Control
A

CS: gross tumors, neural lymphoma, torticollis (head turned to side), ocular lymphoma, cutaneous lymphoma, visceral lymphoma

Lesions: lymphoid tumors in thymus, neoplastic nerve lesions, pleomorphic nature of lymphoid cells in tumors

Transmission: respiratory, feather follicle epithelium
Control: S2 + S3 vaccines (work synergistically)

19
Q 
Fowl pox
CS
Lesions
Transmission
Control
A

CS: scab-like lesions on unfeathered skin, lesions around eyes and beak (dry form), nodules in oral cavity (wet form - which is worse)
Lesions: white plaques on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs, bollinger bodies (giant cells) on wet lesions, Intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells

Transmission: mechanical vectors (biting insects)
Control: attenuated live vax

20
Q

Avian influenza
Virus type
CS of LPAI in turkeys
CS of LPAI in chickens

A

Orthomyxovirus
CS of LPAI in turkeys: depression, huddling, sinusitis, eyes closed
CS of LPAI in chickens: mild resp signs - cough, sneeze

21
Q

Avian Influenza
CS of HPAI
Pathogenicity of HPAI

A

Sudden onset of high mortlaity

HA can be cleaved in many tissue types resulting in systemic infection

22
Q 
Infectious Bronchitis
Virus type
CS
CS of egg layers
Lesions
Transmission
A

Coronavirus
CS: resp distress, sneezing, rales, mortality 30%
CS of layers: resp signs AND eggs are soft-shelled, irregular, watery albumen, porous shell

Lesions: air sacculitis, sinusitis, fibrinous tracheitis, swollen kidneys, cystic oviducts, plugs in trachea
Transmission: oculonasal secretions or fomites

23
Q

Coccidiosis
Causative agent
Which agent is most pathogenic?

CS

A

Eimeria (protozoa)

E. Tenella is most pathogenic

CS: host and site specific! Severe diarrhea, anemia, weight loss

24
Q

Coccidiosis
Lesions
Transmission

A

Lesions: hemorrhage, dilation and fibrinonecrotic material in intestinal tract

Transmission: ingestion, fomites

25
Q 
Avian bordetellosis
Common disease name
Causative agent
CS
Dx
Control
A 
Turkey Coryza
Agent: bordetella avium
CS: nasal discharge, foamy eyes, cough
Dx: isolation on MacConkey agar
Control: not great - vax isnt good, abx unrewarding
26
Q 
Reticuloendotheliosis
What does it do?
What species does it effect?
CS
What disease is it hard to differentiate from?
A

Causes runting of birds, acute neoplasias and chronic B and T cell lymphoma

CS: weight loss, thymic 7 bural atrophy, enlarged nerves, anemia, neoplasia of liver, spleen, heart & intestine

Hard to differentiate from Marek’s

27
Q

What is the most common source of campylobacter infection in humans?

A

Undercooked chicken

28
Q

Poultry red mite
Agent
When do they feed
CS

A

Dermanyssus gallinae
Nocturnal feeders

CS: anemia, decreased reproductive potential and death in severe infestations

29
Q

Why should turkeys and chickens not be housed together? (Hint: involves a parasite)

A

prevent transmission of Histomonas meleagridis from chickens TO turkeys

This parasite is fatal to turkeys - causes extensive necrosis of the liver and cecum

30
Q 
Thrush or sour crop
Causative agent
When do chickens commonly get these infections? 
Lesions
Treatment
A

Candidiasis
Chickens get this after treatment with abx for something else
Lesions: thick, white lesions in the mouth, crop or esophagus

Treatment: copper sulfate in water or nystatin in feed

31
Q

What is the most common cause of liver damage in broiler chickens? From what agent?

A

Cholangiohepatitis from clostridium perfringens

32
Q

What abx is used in poultry that has no withdrawal time?

A

Amprolium

33
Q

Choline deficiency
Species
CS
Histo:

A

Young turkeys

CS: stunting, short and thick bowed legs
Histo: chondrodysplasia

34
Q

Organophosphates

CS in newborns

A

CS: cervical lordosis, shortened axial skeletons, SC emphysema

35
Q

Malabsorption syndrome
CS
Lesions
Treatment

A

CS: decreased pigmentation on skin, feet and beak
Lesions: orange mucus in SI, enlarged proventriculus, small gizzard, atrophied pancreas

Treat: cull affected birds daily

36
Q

Deep pectoral myopathy
CS
How do you decrease incidence of the disease?

A

CS: swollen, edematous pectoral muscles, degeneration, necrosis and green appearnce of muscle

Decrease incidence by selective breeding

37
Q 
Scaly leg mite
Agent
CS
Dx
What must you remember when diagnosing this mite? 
Tx
A

Knemidocoptes or Cnemidocoptes
CS: mild lameness, white-grey powdery debris on legs resulting in honeycomb crusts

Dx: skin scraping

Remember: the male and female look substantially different.
The female is round with short legs and no suckers.
The male is is smaller with longer legs and suckers on long strand-like stalks

Tx = ivermectin

38
Q

Laminosioptes cysticola
Where is it found on the body?
What does it cause

A

SC mite

Causes nodular SC lesions

39
Q

Ornithonyssus sylvarium
Called what?
Where is it found on the body?

A

The northern fowl mite

Infects the feathered regions around the vent

40
Q

Common chigger
Agent
Where are they found on the body?
CS

A

trombicula alfreddugesi
Attach to wings, breasts and necks of chickens

CS: weak, anorexic and die in heavy infestations

41
Q

What is one of the more common ways of administering vaccines to chickens in the US?

A

Thru the drinking water
In ovo (thru an ovo injecter)
Via spray

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