parasitology - small animal Flashcards
Ancylostoma caninum
CS in dogs and CS in humans
treatment
hookworms!
dogs = anemia
humans = cutaneous larval migrans
tx: anything that is NOT praziquantel
Toxocara canis (dog) toxocara cati (cat) CS in dog and CS in humans transmission in dogs and in cats
Roundworms! CS in dogs = cough in young puppies CS in humans = visceral and ocular larval migrans transmission in dogs: transplacentally transmission in cats: transmammary
Echniococcus granulosus
how it effects humans
tx
tapeworm
causes hydatid cyst disease which is FATAL!
tx = praziquantel
Dipylidium caninum
IH
dx
tx
tapeworm!
IH = fleas
dx: find proglottids in feces (white rice)
tx: praziquantel
Taenia taeniae formis
CS
transmission
tx
tapeworm
rarely ever see CS
transmission: eating infected prey
praziquantel
Trichuris vulpis
tx
whipworms!
treat = fenbendazole or milbemycine oxime
Eimeria
transmission
what it looks like
tx
coccidia
transmitted: from eating rabbit feces
oval w/ 4 sporocyst things inside
tx: no tx needed for dogs and cats
Isospora
what it looks like
tx
coccidia!
those little round circles we generally call “cocci”
tx: sulfadimethoxime (Albon)
Cryptosporidium what it looks like dx environmental tx tx
coccidia! round and slightly smaller than a RBC dx: acid-fast or IFA stains environmental tx: resistant to disinfectants, humans get it from water contamination tx: clindamycin, azithromycin, tylosin
Giardia
what it looks like
diagnosis
tx
bi-nucleate, swims in “falling leaf” motion, pear shaped
dx: trophozoites in fecal smear, cysts on float, IFA, giardia ELISA
tx: zoonotic! treat w/ fenbendazole or metronidazole
tritrichomonas foetus
what it looks like
seen most often in which animal and what are CS?
tx
flagellated parasite that looks like giardia but has only one nucleus and undulating membrane
seen most often in KITTENS w/ unresponsive DIARRHEA
tx: ronidazole
Strongyloides stercoralis
CS in which animals?
dx
threadworm
in kittens and puppies with mucoid diarrhea +/- anemia
dx: baermann!!
Gnathosoma what it looks like IH where do the adults live? how is it zoonotic? tx
stomach worm!
3cm long nematodes with spine-covered heads found in vomit!
- IH = copepod (near fresh water)
- adults live in stomach and cause GASTRITIS
- zoonocit from ingestion of undercooked fish
- tx: albendazole
Paragonimus kellicotti what do they look like? IH dx tx
lungworm! single operculum IH = crayfish and snails dx = fecal sedimentation or trach wash tx = fenbendazole or praziquantel
Capillaria aerophila
what it looks like
lungworm
has the ASYMMETRIC terminal plugs!!
Aelurostronglus abstrusus
in what animal is it found
dx
tx
common lungworm of the CAT
dx = baermann
tx = fenbendazole
Toxoplasma gondii DH zoonotic rules of protection what animals get it and what are the CS? tx
DH = cats
zoonotic - infants infected in utero may have chorioretinitis and mental retardation
rules: if you clean feces right away you should be ok bc it takes 1 - 5 days after shedding for oocysts to sporulate and become infective
SHEEP, pigs, dogs and kittens
CS: abortion, stillbrith, diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, seizures, chorioretinitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, myositis
tx = clindamycin
Dirofilaria immitis
what is unique about it in the cat?
- cats have lower adult worm burdens
- in cats they are more likely to migrate to ectopic areas
- cats are often microfilaria negative
- worms dont survive in the cat as long
what is the symbiotic organism for heartworm and how is it treated?
wolbachia
tx/ with doxycycline
Dirofilaria immitis
diagnostic tests and what they test for (two)
Antigen test - detects female worms
Knott’s test - detects microfilaria
tx in cats
tx in dogs
cats: corticosteroids
dogs: melarsomine (immiticide/adulticide) and ivermectin (kills microfilaria)
PLUS: strict rest to prevent pulmonary thromboembolism
Dipetalonema reconditum - whats special about it?
looks super similar to dirofilaria immitus but its not pathogenic!!
Baylisascaris procyonis
what sspecial about it?
the raccoon roundworm
zoonotic! larval migrans to the brain causing CNS disease!
trypanasoma
how is it transmitted?
Leishmania
transmitted by sand flies!
Cuterebra - what is it?
seen in what animals?
general lifecycle
tx
the botfly!
seen in cats as a swelling w/ a bit of purulent material
- eggs in environment, get on animal, body heat hatches eggs and larvae migrate to SQ locations and require breathing pore in skin where they eventually exit
- remove in one piece! rupturing it could cause anaphylaxis
Ctenocephalides felis CS in cats CS in dogs common CS common locations tx
CAT FLEA
CS in cats: pruritus and irritation - can lead to flea allergy dermatitis, anemia and tapeworm infestation
CS in dogs: flea allergy dermatitis on caudal half of animal
- generalized miliary dermatitis and eosinophilic plaques
- locations: inguinal and caudal thigh regions
tx: lots o products, steroids, antihistamines and antibiotics
Demodex canis (dogs) Demodex gatoi (cats) if in young animals: if in adults: - only FDA approved tx is it contagious? where are lesions most often found? how is it dx? how does it look?
demodectic mange
young: inherited defect; dont breed, dont treat, it will clear on own
adults: immune suppressed, look for underlying systemic problem. tx w/ ivermectin, amitraz, milbemycin and abx for secondary infections
- its NOT contagious
- lesions: face/muzzle/periorbital/thoracic limbs
- dx: DEEP skin scrape
- cigar shaped mite
Scabies ascariasis
- zoonotic but what?
- CS
tx
zoonotic but fairly host specific
- CS: severe pruritis around pinnae, ventral thorax, ventral abdomen and legs will see alopecia, crusting, erythema
- tx: ivermectin, amitraz, milbemycin, selamectin
