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NAVLE ok... > parasitology - small animal > Flashcards

parasitology - small animal Flashcards

1
Q

Ancylostoma caninum
CS in dogs and CS in humans
treatment

A

hookworms!
dogs = anemia
humans = cutaneous larval migrans
tx: anything that is NOT praziquantel

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2
Q 
Toxocara canis (dog)
toxocara cati (cat)
CS in dog and CS in humans
transmission in dogs and in cats
A 
Roundworms!
CS in dogs = cough in young puppies
CS in humans = visceral and ocular larval migrans
transmission in dogs: transplacentally
transmission in cats: transmammary
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3
Q

Echniococcus granulosus
how it effects humans
tx

A

tapeworm
causes hydatid cyst disease which is FATAL!
tx = praziquantel

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4
Q

Dipylidium caninum
IH
dx
tx

A

tapeworm!
IH = fleas
dx: find proglottids in feces (white rice)
tx: praziquantel

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5
Q

Taenia taeniae formis
CS
transmission
tx

A

tapeworm
rarely ever see CS
transmission: eating infected prey
praziquantel

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6
Q

Trichuris vulpis

tx

A

whipworms!

treat = fenbendazole or milbemycine oxime

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7
Q

Eimeria
transmission
what it looks like
tx

A

coccidia
transmitted: from eating rabbit feces
oval w/ 4 sporocyst things inside
tx: no tx needed for dogs and cats

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8
Q

Isospora
what it looks like
tx

A

coccidia!
those little round circles we generally call “cocci”
tx: sulfadimethoxime (Albon)

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9
Q 
Cryptosporidium
what it looks like
dx
environmental tx
tx
A 
coccidia!
round and slightly smaller than a RBC
dx: acid-fast or IFA stains
environmental tx: resistant to disinfectants, humans get it from water contamination
tx: clindamycin, azithromycin, tylosin
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10
Q

Giardia
what it looks like
diagnosis
tx

A

bi-nucleate, swims in “falling leaf” motion, pear shaped

dx: trophozoites in fecal smear, cysts on float, IFA, giardia ELISA
tx: zoonotic! treat w/ fenbendazole or metronidazole

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11
Q

tritrichomonas foetus
what it looks like
seen most often in which animal and what are CS?
tx

A

flagellated parasite that looks like giardia but has only one nucleus and undulating membrane
seen most often in KITTENS w/ unresponsive DIARRHEA
tx: ronidazole

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12
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
CS in which animals?
dx

A

threadworm
in kittens and puppies with mucoid diarrhea +/- anemia
dx: baermann!!

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13
Q 
Gnathosoma
what it looks like
IH
where do the adults live?
how is it zoonotic?
tx
A

stomach worm!
3cm long nematodes with spine-covered heads found in vomit!
- IH = copepod (near fresh water)
- adults live in stomach and cause GASTRITIS
- zoonocit from ingestion of undercooked fish
- tx: albendazole

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14
Q 
Paragonimus kellicotti
what do they look like?
IH
dx
tx
A 
lungworm!
single operculum
IH = crayfish and snails
dx = fecal sedimentation or trach wash 
tx = fenbendazole or praziquantel
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15
Q

Capillaria aerophila

what it looks like

A

lungworm

has the ASYMMETRIC terminal plugs!!

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16
Q

Aelurostronglus abstrusus
in what animal is it found
dx
tx

A

common lungworm of the CAT
dx = baermann
tx = fenbendazole

17
Q 
Toxoplasma gondii
DH
zoonotic
rules of protection
what animals get it and what are the CS?
tx
A

DH = cats
zoonotic - infants infected in utero may have chorioretinitis and mental retardation
rules: if you clean feces right away you should be ok bc it takes 1 - 5 days after shedding for oocysts to sporulate and become infective
SHEEP, pigs, dogs and kittens
CS: abortion, stillbrith, diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, seizures, chorioretinitis, meningoencephalomyelitis, myositis
tx = clindamycin

18
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

what is unique about it in the cat?

A
  • cats have lower adult worm burdens
  • in cats they are more likely to migrate to ectopic areas
  • cats are often microfilaria negative
  • worms dont survive in the cat as long
19
Q

what is the symbiotic organism for heartworm and how is it treated?

A

wolbachia

tx/ with doxycycline

20
Q

Dirofilaria immitis

diagnostic tests and what they test for (two)

A

Antigen test - detects female worms

Knott’s test - detects microfilaria

21
Q

tx in cats

tx in dogs

A

cats: corticosteroids
dogs: melarsomine (immiticide/adulticide) and ivermectin (kills microfilaria)

PLUS: strict rest to prevent pulmonary thromboembolism

22
Q

Dipetalonema reconditum - whats special about it?

A

looks super similar to dirofilaria immitus but its not pathogenic!!

23
Q

Baylisascaris procyonis

what sspecial about it?

A

the raccoon roundworm

zoonotic! larval migrans to the brain causing CNS disease!

24
Q

trypanasoma

how is it transmitted?

A

Leishmania

transmitted by sand flies!

25
Q

Cuterebra - what is it?
seen in what animals?
general lifecycle
tx

A

the botfly!
seen in cats as a swelling w/ a bit of purulent material
- eggs in environment, get on animal, body heat hatches eggs and larvae migrate to SQ locations and require breathing pore in skin where they eventually exit
- remove in one piece! rupturing it could cause anaphylaxis

26
Q 
Ctenocephalides felis
CS  in cats
CS in dogs
common CS
common locations
tx
A

CAT FLEA
CS in cats: pruritus and irritation - can lead to flea allergy dermatitis, anemia and tapeworm infestation
CS in dogs: flea allergy dermatitis on caudal half of animal
- generalized miliary dermatitis and eosinophilic plaques
- locations: inguinal and caudal thigh regions
tx: lots o products, steroids, antihistamines and antibiotics

27
Q 
Demodex canis (dogs)
Demodex gatoi (cats)
if in young animals:
if in adults:
- only FDA approved tx
is it contagious?
where are lesions most often found?
how is it dx?
how does it look?
A

demodectic mange

young: inherited defect; dont breed, dont treat, it will clear on own
adults: immune suppressed, look for underlying systemic problem. tx w/ ivermectin, amitraz, milbemycin and abx for secondary infections
- its NOT contagious
- lesions: face/muzzle/periorbital/thoracic limbs
- dx: DEEP skin scrape
- cigar shaped mite

28
Q

Scabies ascariasis
- zoonotic but what?
- CS
tx

A

zoonotic but fairly host specific

  • CS: severe pruritis around pinnae, ventral thorax, ventral abdomen and legs will see alopecia, crusting, erythema
  • tx: ivermectin, amitraz, milbemycin, selamectin

NAVLE ok... (18 decks)

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