Potter 5 (Evidence-Based Practice) Flashcards by christopher Martin

Research is a systematic approach to gain knowledge and can be divided into two subcategories: ______ and _____

basic research and applied research

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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_____ is the
acquisition of knowledge for the sake of gaining new information

basic research

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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_____ has the ultimate goal of finding a solution for a specific known problem or concern.

applied research

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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For research to be meaningful to the nursing discipline, it should be _____ and _____.

relevant to the profession and focused on problems encountered in the clinical setting

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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______ research is used to study and understand human experiences in a nonnumeric fashion;

Qualitative

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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______ research, on the other hand, transforms numeric data in a formal, objective, and systematic way into usable statistics.

quantitative

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____________ is the systematic process of finding, understanding, and applying research into practice.

Evidence-based practice

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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__________ has the ultimate outcome of quality, patient-centered clinical nursing and leads to higher-quality care, more-effective care, reduced health care costs, and improved patient outcomes.

Evidence-based practice

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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The ________ was created to help improve patient outcomes using a series of seven steps, beginning with motivating nurses in asking questions that promote change or identify a need.

ARCC Model

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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The ARCC Model was created to help improve patient outcomes using a series of _____ steps, beginning with motivating nurses in asking questions that promote change or identify a need.

seven

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The ARCC Model was created to help improve patient outcomes using a series of seven steps, beginning with?

motivating nurses in asking questions that promote change or identify a need

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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The ____ format is a formal structured model designed to help nurses create a well-built clinical question, which is essential when identifying a need or a change in clinical practice.

PICOT

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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The PICOT format is a formal structured model designed to help nurses create a ______ , which is essential when identifying a need or a change in clinical practice.

well-built clinical question

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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The _____ and ____are two nursing career paths geared toward evidence-based practice research.

CNR and CNS

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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Ways to create an evidence-based practice culture include _____,_____, _____,. and _____.

journal clubs, evidence-based practice research, mentoring, and obtaining support from those in administration and leadership positions

(Potter Ch5 Sherpath Lesson Key Points)

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____ guides nurses in addressing clinical problems by looking for the very best scientific and clinical evidence available for treating or managing the problems and implementing changes in practice.

EBP

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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Use EBP and clinical judgment and consider the patient’s values and preferences to ensure that you provide ____, ____, _____ care.

competent, safe, patient centered

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of ____ include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, integrating the best evidence, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and communicating results of the change.

EBP

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include _______, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, integrating the best evidence, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and communicating results of the change.

cultivating a spirit of inquiry

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, _______, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, integrating the best evidence, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and communicating results of the change.

asking a clinical question in PICOT format

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, ________, critically appraising the evidence, integrating the best evidence, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and communicating results of the change.

searching for the most relevant and best evidence

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, _______, integrating the best evidence, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and communicating results of the change.

critically appraising the evidence

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, ______, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and communicating results of the change.

integrating the best evidence

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, integrating the best evidence, ______ , and communicating results of the change.

evaluating the outcomes of the practice change

(Potter Ch5 Key Points)

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The steps of EBP include cultivating a spirit of inquiry, asking a clinical question in PICOT format, searching for the most relevant and best evidence, critically appraising the evidence, integrating the best evidence, evaluating the outcomes of the practice change, and _______

communicating results of the change (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

A well-developed PICOT question having the components of _____, _____, _____, ____, and ____ will guide your search for evidence in the scientific literature.

(P) population (I) intervention (C) comparison (O) outcome (T) time (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The P in PICOT

Population (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The I in PICOT

Intervention (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The Cin PICOT

Comparison (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The O in PICOT

Outcome (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The T in PICOT

Time (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The _________ provide the highest level of evidence to include when conducting a literature review;

systematic review or meta-analysis of RCTs and clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

______ are the lowest level of evidence to use in research literature review.

opinions (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

Nurses _____ or by using the evidence to make a larger scale practice change for a health care agency.

apply evidence in practice through direct application or use of the evidence in patient care (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

Nurses apply evidence in practice through direct application or use of the evidence in patient care or by _____

using the evidence to make a larger scale practice change for a health care agency (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The research process is an orderly series of ____ steps that allow the researcher to move from problem identification to development of the research question, through study development with data collection and data analysis, to finding an answer to the research question and sharing the findings.

six (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The ______ is an orderly series of six steps that allow the researcher to move from problem identification to development of the research question, through study development with data collection and data analysis, to finding an answer to the research question and sharing the findings.

research process (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The research process is an orderly series of six steps that allow the researcher to move from ______ _____ to development of the research question, through study development with data collection and data analysis, to finding an answer to the research question and sharing the findings.

problem identification (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The research process is an orderly series of six steps that allow the researcher to move from problem identification to ______, through study development with data collection and data analysis, to finding an answer to the research question and sharing the findings.

development of the research question (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

The research process is an orderly series of six steps that allow the researcher to move from problem identification to development of the research question, through _______, to finding an answer to the research question and sharing the findings.

study development with data collection and data analysis (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

________ research methods include experimental, nonexperimental, survey, and evaluation research.

Quantitative (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

______ research methods include phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory research.

Qualitative (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

______research in nursing is conducted to promote the use of evidence-based practice by testing implementation strategies in real-world settings to determine which strategies work best among diverse patient groups.

Translation (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

______ is a formal approach used to study the processes or systems that contribute to the outcomes of an organization. It also focuses on how to attain and sustain measurable improvements over time.

Performance improvement (PI) (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

______, ____, and ______ are closely related but separate processes that use best evidence. One uses research literature and data when available to provide evidence for practice change, They both can lead to opportunities for research.

EBP, research, and performance improvement (PI) (Potter Ch5 Key Points)

A nurse is reading a research article discussing a new practice to decrease the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. One section of the article describes who was studied and how the data were collected to answer the research questions and hypotheses. What section of the research article is currently being read?

The methods (Potter Ch5 Review Questions)

A nurse implements an EBP change that teaches patients the importance of taking their diabetes medications correctly and regularly on time using videos streamed on the Internet. The nurse measures the patients’ behavioral outcome from the practice change by using which type of measurement?

Checking patients' blood sugars (Potter Ch5 Review Questions)

A patient in the ICU experiences a sentinel event related to central line catheter care that resulted in serious injury. What PI model should the unit use to identify errors that led to the sentinel event?

Root cause analysis (Potter Ch5 Review Questions)

The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure injuries developing in their patients. The nurses decide to initiate a PI project using the PDSA model. Which of the following is an example of “Plan” from that model?

Meeting with all disciplines to develop a multidisciplinary approach for reducing pressure injuries (Potter Ch5 Review Questions)

Nurses in a community clinic are conducting an EBP project focused on improving the outcomes of children with asthma. The PICO question asked by the nurses is “In school-age children, does the use of an electronic gaming education module versus educational book a

Educational book (Potter Ch5 Review Questions)

______ is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that combines the deliberate and systematic use of best evidence in combination with a clinician’s expertise, patient preferences and values, and available health care resources in making decisions about patient care (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Evidence-based practice (EBP) (Potter 5 Evidence, notes)

Four approaches leading to evidence-based clinical decision making are:

1. Evidence from research, evidence-based theories, clinical experts, and opinion leaders. 2. Evidence from assessment of patient’s history and physical and available health care resources. 3. Information about patient preferences and values. 4. Clinical expertise. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What do the following four steps do? Wher 1. Evidence from research, evidence-based theories, clinical experts, and opinion leaders. 2. Evidence from assessment of patient’s history and physical and available health care resources. 3. Information about patient preferences and values. 4. Clinical expertise.

Lead to evidence based clinical decision making. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Where does the best scientific evidence come from?

Well-designed, systematically conducted research studies found in scientific, peer-reviewed journals (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

How many steps are there to EBP?

7 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 0 of the EBP?

0. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry within an EBP culture and environment. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 1 of the EBP?

1. Ask a clinical question in PICOT format. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 2 of the EBP?

2. Search for the most relevant and best evidence. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 3 of the EBP?

3. Critically appraise the evidence you gather. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 4 of the EBP?

4. Integrate the best evidence with your clinical expertise and patient preferences and values to make the best clinical decision. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 5 of the EBP?

5. Evaluate the outcomes of practice changes based on evidence. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Step 6 of the EBP?

6. Communicate the outcomes of EBP decision or changes. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What are the components of the Nursing Process

A-D-P-I-E Assessment Diagnosis Planning Intervention Evaluate (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

In which step of EBP do you use the PICO fotmat?

Step 1 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

In which step of EBP would you be asking foreground or background questions?

Step 1 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

When searching for the best evidence, you may use key resources such as:

Key resources include nursing faculty, librarians, advanced practice nurses, staff educators, risk managers, and infection control nurses. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

During which step of the EBP would you consult key resources (nursing faculty, librarians, advanced practice nurses, staff educators, risk managers, and infection control nurses)

Step 2 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: systematic review of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and evidence-based clinical practice guidelines based on systematic reviews.

Level 1 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: A well-designed RCT.

Level 2 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: controlled trial without randomization (quasiexperimental study).

Level 3 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: Single nonexperimental study (case-control, correlational, cohort studies).

Level 4 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: Systematic reviews of descriptive and qualitative studies.

Level 5 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: Single descriptive or qualitative study.

Level 6 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

At what level of evidence would you find the following: Opinion of authorities and/or reports of expert committees.

Level 7 (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Evidence-based articles include what elements?

Abstract Introduction Literature review/background Manuscript narrative (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

A research article contains several subsections within the narrative, including the following:

Purpose statement Methods or design Analysis Results or conclusions Clinical implications (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Where would you find the purpose statement of an article?

Within the narrative. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Where would you find the methods or design of an article?

Within the narrative. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Where would you find the clinical implications of an article?

Within the narrative. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Where would you find the analysis of an article?

Within the narrative. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Where would you find the results or conclusions of an article?

Within the narrative. (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Which subsection of a narrative explains the focus or intent of a study?

Purpose statement (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Which subsection of a narrative explains how a research study was organized and conducted to answer the research question or test the hypothesis

Methods or design (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Which subsection of a narrative explains how the data collected in the study are analyzed.

Analysis (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Which subsection of a narrative explains whether a hypothesis is supported or how a research question is answered and the clinical implications for the topic presented.

Results or conclusions (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Which subsection of a narrative explains whether the findings from the study have clinical implications.

Clinical implications (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Exploratory, evaluation, descriptive, historical, experimental and correlational are all types of:

Research (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What are the 5 types of research methods?

Exploratory Evaluation Descriptive Historical Experimental Correlational (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

____________ focuses on “testing implementation interventions to improve uptake and use of evidence to improve patient outcomes and population health

Translation research (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

____________ occurs along a dynamic continuum that moves through five phases from basic research to application of research findings in a variety of settings.

Translation research (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What are the 5 phases of translation research?

* Preclinical and animal studies—basic science research * Phase 1 clinical trials—testing safety and efficacy in a small group of human subjects * Phases 2 and 3 clinical trials—testing safety and efficacy in a larger group of human subjects and testing for comparison with standard treatment * Phase 4 clinical trials and outcomes research—translation to practice * Phase 5 population-level outcomes research—translation to community (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is the very first step of the translational research?

Preclinical and animal studies—basic science research (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Phase 1 of the translational research?

Testing safety and efficacy in a small group of human subjects (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Phase 2 and 3 of the translational research?

Testing safety and efficacy in a larger group of human subjects and testing for comparison with standard treatment (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Phase 4 of the translational research?

Clinical trials and outcomes research—translation to practice (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

What is Phase 5 of the translational research?

Population-level outcomes research—translation to community (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

How does translation research differ from EBP?

In translation research, a research study tests the strategies that are used to implement and sustain EBP, whereas EBP focuses on the use of best evidence in practice and measuring outcomes (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

________research typically focuses on the benefits, risks, costs, and holistic effects of a treatment on patients.

Outcomes (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

______ is a formal approach for the analysis of health care–related processes at a local level. Local means analysis of processes unique to a nursing unit, health care agency, or health care system.

Performance improvement (PI) (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)

Use EBP and clinical judgment and consider _________ to ensure that you provide competent, safe, patient-centered care.

the patient’s values and preferences (Potter 5 Evidence, Notes)