Potter 11 (Theories of Growth & Development) Flashcards
____, ____, ____, and _____ are complex, interrelated processes that produce complicated series of changes in individuals from conception to death.
Growth, development, maturation, and learning
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Growth and development proceed from ____, ____, and ____.
simple to complex, from proximal to distal, and from head to lower extremities
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Numerous factors, including ____, ____, ____, ___, ___, and ____ affect how children grow and develop.
genetics, environment, culture, nutrition, health status, and family structure
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
A child’s serial physical measurements reflect the _________
rate of growth
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
A failure in ____, ____, or ____ may be the first clue to serious health problems.
growth, acceleration in growth, or any other change in growth pattern
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
_____________ can help to assess the brain and skull growth in a child and are charted on a growth chart until 24 months.
Head circumference measurements
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Head circumference measurements can help to assess the brain and skull growth in a child and are charted on a growth chart until _____
24 months
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Head circumference measurements can help to assess _____ and _____ in a child and are charted on a growth chart until 24 months.
the brain and skull growth
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
_____ indicates total body fat because at least half of body fat is directly below the skin.
Triceps skinfold thickness
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Triceps skinfold thickness indicates total body fat because _____ body fat is directly below the skin.
at least half of
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Measuring ___, ___, and ____ are also routine procedures that provide valuable information about a child’s health.
height, weight, and BMI
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
According to Erikson (1963), the first developmental task is
the establishment of trust
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
As a child develops, they begin to develop _____ and can then move to the subsequent developmental stages.
trust in others
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Erikson’s theory describes each developmental stage, with crises related to:
individual stages emerging at specific times and in a particular order
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Each stage is built on the resolution of previous developmental tasks. During each conflict, however, the child spends some energy and time ________.
resolving earlier conflicts
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Erikson’s theories are important because they can be used by the nurse _______
to help better understand and predict a child’s reaction to illness
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
_______ made major contributions to the study of how children learn. His complex theory provides a framework for understanding how thinking during childhood progresses and differs from adult thinking.
Jean Piaget
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Jean Piaget made major contributions to:
the study of how children learn
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Jean Piaget made major contributions to the study of how children learn. His complex theory provides a framework for:
understanding how thinking during childhood progresses and differs from adult thinking
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Piaget’s periods are as follows:
- Period 1 (birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period
- Period 2 (2-7 years): Preoperational Thought
- Period 3 (7-11 years): Concrete Operations
- Period 4 (11-adulthood): Formal Operations
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Piaget’s Period 1
(birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Piaget’s Period 2
(2-7 years): Preoperational Thought
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Piaget’s Period 3
(7-11 years): Concrete Operations
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Piaget’s Period 4
(11-adulthood): Formal Operations
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
(birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period
(birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
(2-7 years): Preoperational Thought
(2-7 years): Preoperational Thought
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
(7-11 years): Concrete Operations
(7-11 years): Concrete Operations
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
(11-adulthood): Formal Operations
(11-adulthood): Formal Operations
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
_______ (1856-1939) developed theories to explain psychosexual development.
Sigmund Freud
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed theories to explain _____
psychosexual development
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Freud postulated that ________ experiences provide unconscious motivation for actions later in life (Freud, 1960).
Freud postulated that early childhood experiences provide unconscious motivation for actions later in life (Freud, 1960)
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Freud postulated that early childhood experiences provide _______ (Freud, 1960).
unconscious motivation for actions later in life
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
According to _____ theory, certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy.
Freudian
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
According to Freudian theory, _______ assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy.
certain parts of the body
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
______ stages of psychosexual development include the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and puberty stage.
Freud’s
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Freud’s stages of psychosexual development include the ___. ___. ___. ___, and ___
oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and puberty stage
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
_____ discusses moral development as a complex process involving progressive acceptance of the values and rules of society in a way that determines behavior.
Kohlberg
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Kohlberg discusses _______________ as a complex process involving progressive acceptance of the values and rules of society in a way that determines behavior.
moral development
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Kohlberg discusses moral development as a
complex process involving progressive acceptance of the values and rules of society in a way that determines behavior
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
_____ suggested that as children develop they progress through 3 levels of moral development: premorality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality.
Kohlberg
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Kohlbeg suggested that as children develop they progress through ___ levels of moral development.
3
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
Kohlberg suggested that as children develop they progress through levels of moral development, they are:
premorality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
During the _______ stage, children experience very little moral sensitivity, and decisions are made on the basis of what pleases the child.
premorality
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
During the premorality stage, children experience very _________ and decisions are made on the basis of _______
little moral sensitivity, what pleases the child
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
During the ______morality stage, the child will focus on avoiding disapproval and will become a bit more socially sensitive.
conventional
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
During the conventional morality stage, the child will focus on ______ avoiding and will become ________
disapproval, a bit more socially sensitive
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
During the _______ morality stage, right is determined by what is best for the majority, and the individual has respect for authority.
postconventional
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
During the postconventional morality stage, right is determined by _____and the individual has _________
what is best for the majority,has respect for authority
(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)
