Potter 11 (Theories of Growth & Development)

Question 1

____, ____, ____, and _____ are complex, interrelated processes that produce complicated series of changes in individuals from conception to death.

Answer 1

Growth, development, maturation, and learning

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 2

Growth and development proceed from ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 2

simple to complex, from proximal to distal, and from head to lower extremities

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 3

Numerous factors, including ____, ____, ____, ___, ___, and ____ affect how children grow and develop.

Answer 3

genetics, environment, culture, nutrition, health status, and family structure

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 4

A child’s serial physical measurements reflect the _________

Answer 4

rate of growth

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 5

A failure in ____, ____, or ____ may be the first clue to serious health problems.

Answer 5

growth, acceleration in growth, or any other change in growth pattern

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 6

_____________ can help to assess the brain and skull growth in a child and are charted on a growth chart until 24 months.

Answer 6

Head circumference measurements

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 7

Head circumference measurements can help to assess the brain and skull growth in a child and are charted on a growth chart until _____

Answer 7

24 months

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 8

Head circumference measurements can help to assess _____ and _____ in a child and are charted on a growth chart until 24 months.

Answer 8

the brain and skull growth

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 9

_____ indicates total body fat because at least half of body fat is directly below the skin.

Answer 9

Triceps skinfold thickness

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 10

Triceps skinfold thickness indicates total body fat because _____ body fat is directly below the skin.

Answer 10

at least half of

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 11

Measuring ___, ___, and ____ are also routine procedures that provide valuable information about a child’s health.

Answer 11

height, weight, and BMI

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 12

According to Erikson (1963), the first developmental task is

Answer 12

the establishment of trust

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 13

As a child develops, they begin to develop _____ and can then move to the subsequent developmental stages.

Answer 13

trust in others

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 14

Erikson’s theory describes each developmental stage, with crises related to:

Answer 14

individual stages emerging at specific times and in a particular order

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 15

Each stage is built on the resolution of previous developmental tasks. During each conflict, however, the child spends some energy and time ________.

Answer 15

resolving earlier conflicts

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 16

Erikson’s theories are important because they can be used by the nurse _______

Answer 16

to help better understand and predict a child’s reaction to illness

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 17

_______ made major contributions to the study of how children learn. His complex theory provides a framework for understanding how thinking during childhood progresses and differs from adult thinking.

Answer 17

Jean Piaget

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 18

Jean Piaget made major contributions to:

Answer 18

the study of how children learn

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 19

Jean Piaget made major contributions to the study of how children learn. His complex theory provides a framework for:

Answer 19

understanding how thinking during childhood progresses and differs from adult thinking

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 20

Piaget’s periods are as follows:

Answer 20

• Period 1 (birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period
  
  • Period 2 (2-7 years): Preoperational Thought
  • Period 3 (7-11 years): Concrete Operations
  • Period 4 (11-adulthood): Formal Operations

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 21

Piaget’s Period 1

Answer 21

(birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 22

Piaget’s Period 2

Answer 22

(2-7 years): Preoperational Thought

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 23

Piaget’s Period 3

Answer 23

(7-11 years): Concrete Operations

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 24

Piaget’s Period 4

Answer 24

(11-adulthood): Formal Operations

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 25

(birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period

Answer 25

(birth-2 years): Sensorimotor Period

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 26

(2-7 years): Preoperational Thought

Answer 26

(2-7 years): Preoperational Thought

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 27

(7-11 years): Concrete Operations

Answer 27

(7-11 years): Concrete Operations

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 28

(11-adulthood): Formal Operations

Answer 28

(11-adulthood): Formal Operations

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 29

_______ (1856-1939) developed theories to explain psychosexual development.

Answer 29

Sigmund Freud

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 30

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed theories to explain _____

Answer 30

psychosexual development

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 31

Freud postulated that ________ experiences provide unconscious motivation for actions later in life (Freud, 1960).

Answer 31

Freud postulated that early childhood experiences provide unconscious motivation for actions later in life (Freud, 1960)

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 32

Freud postulated that early childhood experiences provide _______ (Freud, 1960).

Answer 32

unconscious motivation for actions later in life

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 33

According to _____ theory, certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy.

Answer 33

Freudian

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 34

According to Freudian theory, _______ assume psychological significance as foci of sexual energy.

Answer 34

certain parts of the body

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 35

______ stages of psychosexual development include the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and puberty stage.

Answer 35

Freud’s

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 36

Freud’s stages of psychosexual development include the ___. ___. ___. ___, and ___

Answer 36

oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, and puberty stage

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 37

_____ discusses moral development as a complex process involving progressive acceptance of the values and rules of society in a way that determines behavior.

Answer 37

Kohlberg

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 38

Kohlberg discusses _______________ as a complex process involving progressive acceptance of the values and rules of society in a way that determines behavior.

Answer 38

moral development

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 39

Kohlberg discusses moral development as a

Answer 39

complex process involving progressive acceptance of the values and rules of society in a way that determines behavior

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 40

_____ suggested that as children develop they progress through 3 levels of moral development: premorality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality.

Answer 40

Kohlberg

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 41

Kohlbeg suggested that as children develop they progress through ___ levels of moral development.

Answer 41

3

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 42

Kohlberg suggested that as children develop they progress through levels of moral development, they are:

Answer 42

premorality, conventional morality, and postconventional morality

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 43

During the _______ stage, children experience very little moral sensitivity, and decisions are made on the basis of what pleases the child.

Answer 43

premorality

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 44

During the premorality stage, children experience very _________ and decisions are made on the basis of _______

Answer 44

little moral sensitivity, what pleases the child

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 45

During the ______morality stage, the child will focus on avoiding disapproval and will become a bit more socially sensitive.

Answer 45

conventional

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 46

During the conventional morality stage, the child will focus on ______ avoiding and will become ________

Answer 46

disapproval, a bit more socially sensitive

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 47

During the _______ morality stage, right is determined by what is best for the majority, and the individual has respect for authority.

Answer 47

postconventional

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)

Question 48

During the postconventional morality stage, right is determined by _____and the individual has _________

Answer 48

what is best for the majority,has respect for authority

(Potter Ch11 Sherpath Key Points)