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ARCHIVES > Jarvis 15 (Eyes) > Flashcards

Jarvis 15 (Eyes) Flashcards

1
Q

The external anatomy of the eye includes many structures. Each eye is protected by the _________

A

bony orbital cavity surrounded with a cushion of fat.

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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2
Q

The _____ further protect the eye from injury, strong light, and dust.

A

eyelids

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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3
Q

The _____ eyelid is larger and more mobile.

A

upper

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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4
Q

The _______ is the corner of the eye, where the lids meet.

A

canthus

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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5
Q

_______ curve outward from the lid margin to filter out dust and dirt.

A

Eyelashes

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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6
Q

The _______ (a small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands) is located at the inner canthus.

A

caruncle

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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7
Q

A stripe of connective tissue, ________, gives shape to the upper lid.

A

the tarsal plate

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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8
Q

The tarsal plates contain ________, which secrete an oily lubricant onto the lids.

A

Meibomian glands

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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9
Q

The ________, a thin mucous membrane, is a transparent protective covering of the exposed part the eye.

A

conjunctiva

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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10
Q

The ________________ provides constant irrigation of the eye

A

lacrimal apparatus

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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11
Q

Tears drain into the __________, visible on the upper and lower lids at the inner canthus.

A

puncta

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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12
Q

______ muscles attach the eyeball to its orbit and serve to direct our eyes to points of our interest.

A

Six

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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13
Q

The six muscles attached to the eyeball and serve to direct our eyes to points of our interest are:

A

superior
inferior
lateral
medial rectus muscles
superior and inferior oblique muscles

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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14
Q

The internal anatomy of the eye has _______ concentric coats or layers.

A

three

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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15
Q

The _____ layer is the sclera, a tough, fibrous protective, white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth, transparent cornea.

A

outer

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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16
Q

The ______ is a tough, fibrous
protective, white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth, transparent cornea

A

sclera

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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17
Q

sclera, a tough, fibrous
protective, white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth, transparent ______

A

cornea

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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18
Q

The cornea, which is part of the refracting media of the eye, covers the _____ and ______.

A

iris and pupil

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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19
Q

The ______ layer of the internal eye is the choroid, which has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is heavily vascularized to deliver blood to the retina.

A

middle

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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20
Q

What is the choroid?

A

The middle layer which has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is heavily vascularized to deliver blood to the retina

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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21
Q

The choroid is continuous with the ________ and _______

A

ciliary body and the iris

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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22
Q

The inner layer of the internal anatomy of the eye is the ______

A

Retina

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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23
Q

What is the visual receptive layer of the eye where light waves are changed into nerve impulses

A

Retina

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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24
Q

_________ include the pupillary light reflex, fixation, and accommodation.

A

Visual reflexes

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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25
Q

The _______ is the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina.

A

pupillary light reflex

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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26
Q

______is a reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a person’s attention.

A

Fixation

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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27
Q

______ is the adjustment of the eye for near vision. It is accomplished by ciliary muscle movement.

A

Accommodation

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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28
Q

Peripheral vision is _____ in newborns.

A

intact

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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29
Q

The macula is _____ at birth

A

absent

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

30
Q

The macula is mature by what age?

A

8 months

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

31
Q

Eye movement is poorly coordinated but matures by what age?

A

3 to 4 months

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

32
Q

The eyeball reaches adult size by age __?

A

8

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

33
Q

With aging, lacrimal gland involution causes ______

A

decreased tear production

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

34
Q

Pupil size decreases and the lens loses elasticity, causing _________.

A

presbyopia

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

35
Q

Visual acuity may diminish gradually after age

A

50

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

36
Q

Visual impairment is not being able to see letters on the line _____ or below on the eye chart.

A

20/40

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

37
Q

When assessing the subjective data of the eye, you should investigate topics including:

A

Vision difficulty, eye pain, burning, or itching, strabismus or diplopia, redness or swelling, watering or discharge, history of ocular problems, glaucoma, use of glasses/contacts, etc…

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

38
Q

To obtain _____ data, first test central visual acuity with a Snellen or other eye chart.

A

objective

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

39
Q

For those over age 40 or who have difficulty reading, also test _____ vision.

A

near

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

40
Q

Assess visual fields for loss of peripheral vision using the _____ test.

A

confrontation

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

41
Q

Continue by observing _______. To do this, assess the corneal light reflex using the Hirschberg test.

A

extraocular muscle function

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

42
Q

Continue by observing extraocular muscle function. To do this, assess the _______ using the Hirschberg test.

A

corneal light reflex

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

43
Q

What is the Hirschberg test used for?

A

Assessing the corneal light reflex

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

44
Q

Also perform the diagnostic positions test, which is known as the _____ cardinal positions of gaze.

A

six

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

45
Q

Also perform the _________, which is known as the six cardinal positions of gaze. Note any nystagmus

A

diagnostic positions test

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

46
Q

To inspect the ocular fundus, or the internal surface of the retina, use a(n) ______

A

ophthalmoscope

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

47
Q

When observing the _____, you should note its color, shape, and margins.

A

optic disc

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

48
Q

When observing the optic disc, you should note its

A

color, shape, and margins

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

49
Q

Inspect the _________, assessing their number, color, caliber, and arteriovenous crossings.

A

retinal vessels

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

50
Q

Inspect the retinal vessels, assessing their:

A

number, color, caliber, and arteriovenous crossings

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

51
Q

When estimating the artery-vein ratio, you should also check for _____ and _____

A

tortuosity and pulsations

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

52
Q

Inspect the______ last because it may cause watering, discomfort, and pupil constriction.

A

macula

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

53
Q

_______ is the leading cause of preventable blindness

A

glaucoma

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

54
Q

The external eye is composed of the ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____. Together, these structures provide support and protection for the eye.

A

eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eye muscles, and bony orbit

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

55
Q

Structures of the internal eye, including the ____, ____, and ____, work together to provide vision.

A

retina, uvea, and lens

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

56
Q

Eye movement is controlled by ____ muscles innervated by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.

A

six

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

57
Q

Eye movement is controlled by six muscles innervated by cranial nerve(s)

A

III, IV, and VI.

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

58
Q

Assessment of the _____ includes inspection and palpation of the eyelids and eyebrows for symmetry and hair distribution.

A

external eye

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

59
Q

Asking about the patient’s medical history will help the nurse to identify potential causes of the patient’s current condition. The nurse should ask about a ____, ____, ____. and _____

A

history of trauma, hypertension, diabetes, and any conditions that affect the patient’s eye health.

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

60
Q

Assessment of the external eye includes inspection and palpation of the eyelids and eyebrows for _____ and _____

A

symmetry and hair distribution

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

61
Q

The nurse also inspects the outer surfaces of the eye, including _____, ____, _____.

A

color of the sclera, characteristics of the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, and color and size of the pupil and iris

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

62
Q

Internal eye structures are observed by using an

A

ophthalmoscope

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

63
Q

The ophthalmoscopic examination includes observation of ____, ____, and ____

A

the red reflex, ocular blood vessels, and characteristics of the macula and retina

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

64
Q

During assessment of the eyes, the nurse expects ____, ____, ____, and ____

A

20/20 vision, with peripheral vision intact, even eyebrows, eyelashes on both upper and lower lids, and lids that can both open and close completely

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

65
Q

Between 3 and 5 years of age, vision is typically

A

20/40. It reaches 20/30 or better by age 6

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

66
Q

Between ___ and ___ years of age, vision is typically 20/40.

A

It reaches 20/30 or better by age 6

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

67
Q

Vision reaches 20/30 or better by age ____

A

6

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

68
Q

Vision reaches ____ or better by age 6.

A

20/30

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

69
Q

Expected physical changes in the older adult include ____ and ____

A

weakened accommodation and decreased tearing

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

70
Q

Abnormal eye assessment findings include ____, ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

lid droop, masses, drainage, crusting, and visual deficits

(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )

71
Q

The transparent fibers of the lens begin to thicken and yellow, resulting in _______.

A

cataract

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

72
Q

The movements of the extraocular muscles are stimulated by what cranial nerve(s)?

A

III, IV, and VI

(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)

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