Jarvis 15 (Eyes) Flashcards
The external anatomy of the eye includes many structures. Each eye is protected by the _________
bony orbital cavity surrounded with a cushion of fat.
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The _____ further protect the eye from injury, strong light, and dust.
eyelids
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The _____ eyelid is larger and more mobile.
upper
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The _______ is the corner of the eye, where the lids meet.
canthus
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
_______ curve outward from the lid margin to filter out dust and dirt.
Eyelashes
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The _______ (a small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands) is located at the inner canthus.
caruncle
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
A stripe of connective tissue, ________, gives shape to the upper lid.
the tarsal plate
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The tarsal plates contain ________, which secrete an oily lubricant onto the lids.
Meibomian glands
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The ________, a thin mucous membrane, is a transparent protective covering of the exposed part the eye.
conjunctiva
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The ________________ provides constant irrigation of the eye
lacrimal apparatus
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Tears drain into the __________, visible on the upper and lower lids at the inner canthus.
puncta
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
______ muscles attach the eyeball to its orbit and serve to direct our eyes to points of our interest.
Six
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The six muscles attached to the eyeball and serve to direct our eyes to points of our interest are:
superior
inferior
lateral
medial rectus muscles
superior and inferior oblique muscles
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The internal anatomy of the eye has _______ concentric coats or layers.
three
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The _____ layer is the sclera, a tough, fibrous protective, white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth, transparent cornea.
outer
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The ______ is a tough, fibrous
protective, white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth, transparent cornea
sclera
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
sclera, a tough, fibrous
protective, white covering that is continuous anteriorly with the smooth, transparent ______
cornea
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The cornea, which is part of the refracting media of the eye, covers the _____ and ______.
iris and pupil
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The ______ layer of the internal eye is the choroid, which has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is heavily vascularized to deliver blood to the retina.
middle
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
What is the choroid?
The middle layer which has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is heavily vascularized to deliver blood to the retina
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The choroid is continuous with the ________ and _______
ciliary body and the iris
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The inner layer of the internal anatomy of the eye is the ______
Retina
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
What is the visual receptive layer of the eye where light waves are changed into nerve impulses
Retina
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
_________ include the pupillary light reflex, fixation, and accommodation.
Visual reflexes
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The _______ is the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina.
pupillary light reflex
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
______is a reflex direction of the eye toward an object attracting a person’s attention.
Fixation
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
______ is the adjustment of the eye for near vision. It is accomplished by ciliary muscle movement.
Accommodation
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Peripheral vision is _____ in newborns.
intact
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The macula is _____ at birth
absent
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The macula is mature by what age?
8 months
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Eye movement is poorly coordinated but matures by what age?
3 to 4 months
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The eyeball reaches adult size by age __?
8
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
With aging, lacrimal gland involution causes ______
decreased tear production
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Pupil size decreases and the lens loses elasticity, causing _________.
presbyopia
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Visual acuity may diminish gradually after age
50
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Visual impairment is not being able to see letters on the line _____ or below on the eye chart.
20/40
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
When assessing the subjective data of the eye, you should investigate topics including:
Vision difficulty, eye pain, burning, or itching, strabismus or diplopia, redness or swelling, watering or discharge, history of ocular problems, glaucoma, use of glasses/contacts, etc…
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
To obtain _____ data, first test central visual acuity with a Snellen or other eye chart.
objective
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
For those over age 40 or who have difficulty reading, also test _____ vision.
near
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Assess visual fields for loss of peripheral vision using the _____ test.
confrontation
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Continue by observing _______. To do this, assess the corneal light reflex using the Hirschberg test.
extraocular muscle function
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Continue by observing extraocular muscle function. To do this, assess the _______ using the Hirschberg test.
corneal light reflex
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
What is the Hirschberg test used for?
Assessing the corneal light reflex
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Also perform the diagnostic positions test, which is known as the _____ cardinal positions of gaze.
six
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Also perform the _________, which is known as the six cardinal positions of gaze. Note any nystagmus
diagnostic positions test
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
To inspect the ocular fundus, or the internal surface of the retina, use a(n) ______
ophthalmoscope
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
When observing the _____, you should note its color, shape, and margins.
optic disc
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
When observing the optic disc, you should note its
color, shape, and margins
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Inspect the _________, assessing their number, color, caliber, and arteriovenous crossings.
retinal vessels
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Inspect the retinal vessels, assessing their:
number, color, caliber, and arteriovenous crossings
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
When estimating the artery-vein ratio, you should also check for _____ and _____
tortuosity and pulsations
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
Inspect the______ last because it may cause watering, discomfort, and pupil constriction.
macula
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
_______ is the leading cause of preventable blindness
glaucoma
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The external eye is composed of the ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____. Together, these structures provide support and protection for the eye.
eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, eye muscles, and bony orbit
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Structures of the internal eye, including the ____, ____, and ____, work together to provide vision.
retina, uvea, and lens
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Eye movement is controlled by ____ muscles innervated by cranial nerves III, IV, and VI.
six
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Eye movement is controlled by six muscles innervated by cranial nerve(s)
III, IV, and VI.
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Assessment of the _____ includes inspection and palpation of the eyelids and eyebrows for symmetry and hair distribution.
external eye
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Asking about the patient’s medical history will help the nurse to identify potential causes of the patient’s current condition. The nurse should ask about a ____, ____, ____. and _____
history of trauma, hypertension, diabetes, and any conditions that affect the patient’s eye health.
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Assessment of the external eye includes inspection and palpation of the eyelids and eyebrows for _____ and _____
symmetry and hair distribution
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
The nurse also inspects the outer surfaces of the eye, including _____, ____, _____.
color of the sclera, characteristics of the conjunctiva and lacrimal gland, and color and size of the pupil and iris
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Internal eye structures are observed by using an
ophthalmoscope
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
The ophthalmoscopic examination includes observation of ____, ____, and ____
the red reflex, ocular blood vessels, and characteristics of the macula and retina
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
During assessment of the eyes, the nurse expects ____, ____, ____, and ____
20/20 vision, with peripheral vision intact, even eyebrows, eyelashes on both upper and lower lids, and lids that can both open and close completely
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Between 3 and 5 years of age, vision is typically
20/40. It reaches 20/30 or better by age 6
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Between ___ and ___ years of age, vision is typically 20/40.
It reaches 20/30 or better by age 6
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Vision reaches 20/30 or better by age ____
6
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Vision reaches ____ or better by age 6.
20/30
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Expected physical changes in the older adult include ____ and ____
weakened accommodation and decreased tearing
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
Abnormal eye assessment findings include ____, ___, ___, ___, and ___
lid droop, masses, drainage, crusting, and visual deficits
(Jarvis Sherpath: Ch15 Eyes )
The transparent fibers of the lens begin to thicken and yellow, resulting in _______.
cataract
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
The movements of the extraocular muscles are stimulated by what cranial nerve(s)?
III, IV, and VI
(Jarvis Ch 15 Key Points)
