NSG 200 Test 3 Study Guides Combined Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Alopecia

Answer

A

baldness; hair loss

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 2

Q

Annular

Answer

A

circular shape to skin lesion

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 3

Q

Bulla

Answer

A

elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm in diameter

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 4

Q

Confluent

Answer

A

skin lesions that run together

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 5

Q

Crust

Answer

A

thick, dried-out exudate left on the skin when vesicles or pustules burst or dry up

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 6

Q

Cyanosis

Answer

A

dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes, as a result of an increased amount of nonoxygenated hemoglobin

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 7

Q

Erosion

Answer

A

scooped-out, shallow depression in the skin

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 8

Q

Erythema

Answer

A

intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 9

Q

Excoriation

Answer

A

self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 10

Q

Fissure

Answer

A

linear crack in skin extending into dermis

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 11

Q

Furuncle

Answer

A

boil; suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 12

Q

Hemangioma

Answer

A

skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 13

Q

Iris

Answer

A

target shape of skin lesion

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 14

Q

Jaundice

Answer

A

yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 15

Q

Keloid

Answer

A

hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond the site of original injury

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 16

Q

Lichenification

Answer

A

tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin; caused by prolonged, intense scratching

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 17

Q

Lipoma

Answer

A

benign fatty tumor, composed of mature fat cells

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 18

Q

Maceration

Answer

A

softening of tissue by soaking in liquid

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 19

Q

Macule

Answer

A

flat skin lesion with only a color change

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 20

Q

Nevus

Answer

A

mole; circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 21

Q

Nodule

Answer

A

elevated skin lesion larger than 1 cm in diameter

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 22

Q

Pallor

Answer

A

excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 23

Q

Papule

Answer

A

palpable skin lesion smaller than 1 cm in diameter

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 24

Q

Plaque

Answer

A

skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 25

Q

Pruritus

Answer

A

itching

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 26

Q

Purpura

Answer

A

red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 27

Q

Pustule

Answer

A

elevated cavity containing thick, turbid fluid

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 28

Q

Scale

Answer

A

compact desiccated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 29

Q

Telangiectasia

Answer

A

skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 30

Q

Ulcer

Answer

A

sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 31

Q

Vesicle

Answer

A

elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm in diameter

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 32

Q

Wheal

Answer

A

raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 33

Q

Zosteriform

Answer

A

linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 34

Q

List the 3 layers associated with the skin

Answer

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 35

Q

Describe the epidermis layer

Answer

A

Inner stratum basale or basal cell layer forms new cells. Major ingredient is keratin (tough&fibrous)

Melanocytes produce pigment melanin for brown. All races have same amount

From basal layer new cells migrate up & flatten into outer stratum corneum or horny cell layer. (dead keratinized cells)

completely replaced every 4 weeks

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 36

Q

Describe the dermis layer

Answer

A

Inner layer. Supportive connective tissue. Collagen (tough/fibrous protein).

Nerves, sensory recepts, blood vessels, & lymphatics

Appendages (hair, sebaceous, sweat glands)

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 37

Q

Describe the subcutaneous layer

Answer

A

Adipose. Energy, insulation/temperature

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 38

Q

What are the two sweat glands?

Answer

A

Eccrine and Apocrine

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 39

Q

Which weat gland produes sweat?

Answer

A

Eccrine

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 40

Q

Which sweat gland produces a thick milky secretion?

Answer

A

Apocrine

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 41

Q

What produces sebum and is everywhere except the palms and soles?

Answer

A

Sebaceous

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 42

Q

Name 5 functions of the skin

Answer

A

“P, Pp, P, F, T”

Protection
Prevents penetration
Perception
Fluid balance
Temperature regulation
Identification
Communication
Wound repair
Absorption and excretion
Produce Vit D

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 43

Q

What is pallor and what causes it?

Answer

A

White skin or ashen gray in people of color.
Causes: peripheral vasoconstriction from sympathetic nervous system stimulation (anxiety, fear). Also cold/cigarettes/edema

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 44

Q

What is erythema and what causes it?

Answer

A

Red skin or warm/tight/taught in people of color.
Causes: Polycythemia, venous stasis, CO Px, petechia, ecchymosis, hematoma, lesions)

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 45

Q

What is cyanosis and what causes it?

Answer

A

Blue skin or difficult to see in people of color which requires looking at clinical signs. Causes: Deoxy blood, hypoxemia, shock, card arr, heart flx, chr bronc

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 46

Q

What is jaundice and what causes it?

Answer

A

Yellowing of skin but not in the subconjunctival in people of color.
Causes: Excess bilirubin. Hep, sicklecell, transfusion rxn

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 47

Q

What causes changes in skin temperature?

Answer

A

Lower in Shock. Peripheral arterial unsuffic. Raynaud’s.
Higher in hyperthyroid

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 48

Q

What causes changes in skin texture?

Answer

A

Hyperthyroid = smooth soft velvet.
Hypothyroid = rough dry flaky

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 49

Q

What causes changes in skin moisture?

Answer

A

diaphoretic in Thyrotoxicosis, MI, anxiety, pain.
dry in dehydration

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 50

Q

What causes changes in skin mobility?

Answer

A

with edema
+ in ?

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 51

Q

What causes changes in skin turgor?

Answer

A

poor in dehydration, xtrem weight loss,
Good in ?

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 52

Q

What is leukonychia?

Answer

A

The white linear markings that are normally visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 53

Q

The white linear markings that are normally visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed are termed:

Answer

A

leukonchia

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 54

Q

What is a Mongolian spot

Answer

A

common variation of hyperpigmentation in Black, Asian, Native American, and Latino newborns.

blue-black–to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks but sometimes on the abdomen, thighs, shoulders, or arms

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 55

Q

What is Café au lait spot

Answer

A

large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation (thus the name coffee with milk), which is usually present at birth

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 56

Q

What is a Erythema toxicum

Answer

A

common rash that appears in the first 3 to 4 days of life. Sometimes called the flea bite rash

tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 57

Q

What is a Cutis marmorata

Answer

A

transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures

reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin. It disappears with warming.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 58

Q

What is a Physiologic jaundice

Answer

A

normal variation in about half of all newborns.
yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of the increased numbers of red blood cells that hemolyze after birth.
The hemoglobin in the red blood cells is metabolized by the liver and spleen; its pigment is converted into bilirubin.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 59

Q

What is a Milia

Answer

A

tiny white papules on the forehead and eyelids, also on cheeks, nose, and chin, caused by sebum that occludes the opening of the follicles

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 60

Q

What is a Lentigines

Answer

A

“liver spots” are common, circumscribed clusters of melanocytes due to chronic sun exposure.
They are small, flat, brown macules and appear on the dorsa of hands, forearms, face, upper trunk, and shins in
90% of White persons older than age 60 years and in Asian persons

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 61

Q

What is Seborrheic keratosis

Answer

A

Looks dark, greasy, and “stuck on”
mostly on the trunk but also on the face and hands and on both unexposed and sun-exposed areas.
do not become cancerous but may be irritated from friction or trauma

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 62

Q

Describe Acrochordons (skin tags)

Where do they frequently occur?

Answer

A

overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyp-like
They occur frequently on eyelids, cheeks and neck, and axillae and trunk.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 63

Q

What is Actinic keratosis

Answer

A

most frequent premalignant skin lesion in White persons and is caused directly by sun/artificial UV radiation exposur
red-tan scaly plaques that increase over the years to become raised and roughened. They may have a silvery-white scale adherent to the plaque. They occur on sun-exposed surfaces and may develop into squamous cell carcinoma

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Question 64

Q

What is a Sebaceous hyperplasia

Answer

A

raised yellow papules with a central depression. They are more common in men, occurring over the forehead, nose, or cheeks. They have a pebbly look

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 65

A

Tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1 to 3 mm, round and discrete; dark red, purple, or brown in color.
Caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries; will not blanch.
Cannot be seen when skin is very dark.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 66

A

mechanical injury results in hemorrhage into tissues. Skin is intact. Color in a light-skinned person is usually in varying stages

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 67

A

I DONT KNOW THIS ISNT REFERENCED IN JARVIS 13

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 68

A

Light: Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash
Dark: Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 69

A

Light: (pictures in Jarvis)
Dark: (pictures in Jarvis)

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 70

A

Light: (pictures in Jarvis)
Dark: (pictures in Jarvis)
Small, tight, shiny vesicles on an erythematous base “dewdrop on rose petal” become pustules and then crusts. Pruritic.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 71

A

Intact skin. Red. Unbroken. Changs in sens/temp/firm.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 72

A

Loss of/exposed epidermis. Looks lke shallow brasion or open blister with red-pink wound bed. No visible fat or deeper tissue.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 73

A

Extends into subq and resembles crater. Visible subq fat, granulation, and rolled edges but not muscle/bone/tendon

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 74

A

Involves all skin layers. Extends into support tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. Slough or eschar. Rolled edges and tunneling.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 75

A

Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. Examples: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 76

A

Something you can feel (i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in epidermis. Examples: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca).

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 77

A

Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A plateaulike, disk-shaped lesion. Examples: psoriasis, lichen planus.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 78

A

Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule. Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 79

A

Larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant, although “tumor” implies “cancer” to most people. Examples: lipoma, hemangioma.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 80

A

Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema (fluid held diffusely in the tissues).
Examples: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 81

A

Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a “blister.” Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Examples: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 82

A

Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 83

A

The thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up. Color can be red-brown, honey, or yellow, depending on fluid ingredients (blood, serum, pus). Examples: impetigo (dry, honey-colored), weeping eczematous dermatitis, scab after abrasion.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 84

A

Compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells. Examples: after scarlet fever or drug reaction (laminated sheets), psoriasis (silver, micalike), seborrheic dermatitis (yellow, greasy), eczema, ichthyosis (large, adherent, laminated), dry skin.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 85

A

Linear crack with abrupt edges; extends into dermis; dry or moist. Examples: cheilosis—at corners of mouth caused by excess moisture; athlete’s foot.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 86

A

Scooped-out but shallow depression. Superficial; epidermis lost; moist but no bleeding; heals without scar because erosion does not extend into dermis.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 87

A

Deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar when heals. Examples: stasis ulcer, pressure injury, chancre.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 88

A

The harlequin color change is a distinct line of red/pale color down the midline or horizontal. One-half of the body turns red and blanches; this is transient with no treatment needed. It may be due to changes in vascular tone. (Fig. 13.19A).

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 89

A

a common rash that appears in the first 3 to 4 days of life. Sometimes called the flea bite rash or newborn rash, it consists of tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks (Fig. 13.19B). The cause is unknown; no treatment is needed.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 90

A

Acrocyanosis is a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, and feet and toenails. This may last for a few hours and disappear with warming.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 91

A

a normal variation in about half of all newborns. A yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of the increased numbers of red blood cells that hemolyze after birth. The hemoglobin in the red blood cells is metabolized by the liver and spleen; its pigment is converted into bilirubin.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 92

A

Carotenemia also produces a yellow-orange color in light-skinned persons but no yellowing in the sclera or mucous membranes. It comes from ingesting large amounts of foods containing carotene, a vitamin A precursor. Carotene-rich foods are popular as prepared infant foods, and the absorption of carotene is enhanced by mashing, pureeing, and cooking. The color is best seen on the palms and soles, forehead, tip of the nose and nasolabial folds, chin, behind the ears, and over the knuckles; it fades to normal color within 2 to 6 weeks of withdrawing carotene-rich foods from the diet.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 93

A

The café au lait spot is a large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation (thus the name coffee with milk), which is usually present at birth (Fig. 13.18A). Usually these patches are normal.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 94

A

Cutis marmorata is a transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures It forms a reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin. It disappears with warming.

(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 95

A

functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 96

A

manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 97

A

cessation of breathing

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 98

A

an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by inflammation, bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 99

A

an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 100

A

slow breathing, fewer than 10 breaths per minute, regular rate

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 101

A

one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 102

A

inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 103

A

the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 104

A

the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by a moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 105

A

ridge of cartilage located inside the trachea where it bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 106

A

a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis)

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 107

A

millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 108

A

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 109

A

abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 110

A

coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 111

A

passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange (e.g., trachea, bronchi)

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 112

A

difficult, labored breathing

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 113

A

type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of the alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 114

A

the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 115

A

a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 116

A

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 117

A

(also termed hypercarbia) increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 118

A

increased rate and depth of breathing

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 119

A

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 120

A

space between the ribs

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 121

A

type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 122

A

difficulty breathing when supine

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 123

A

sudden awakening from sleeping, with shortness of breath

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 124

A

striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 125

A

abnormal fluid collection between the layers of the pleura

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 126

A

high-pitched inspiratory crowing sound caused by upper airway obstruction, louder over the neck than the chest wall

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 127

A

rapid, shallow breathing; more than 24 breaths per minute

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 128

A

refers to soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 129

A

high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound; also used with low-pitched (sonorous) adventitious sounds

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 130

A

sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 131

A

Cough
Shortness of breath
Chest pain with breathing
History of respiratory infections
Smoking history
Environmental exposure
Patient-centered care

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 132

A

Multiply packs per day times year

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 133

A

serous membranes that form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall. Lubes lungs?
visceral pleura lines the outside of the lungs, dipping down into the fissures. It is continuous with the parietal pleura lining the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm.

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 134

A

Trachea and bronchi

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 135

A

1 supplying oxygen to the body for energy production;
2 removing carbon dioxide as a waste product of energy reactions;
3 maintaining homeostasis (acid-base balance) of arterial blood; and
4 maintaining heat exchange (less important in humans).

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 136

A

Shape and configuration
AP:TP of ~.70-.75
Neck & trapezius normal?
Position taken to breath
- Relaxed and ability to support weight with arms at sides or in lap
Skin and condition

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 137

A

A lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine,

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 138

A

Exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback) that causes significant back pain and limited mobility.

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 139

A

Discontinuous, high-pitched, short crackling, popping sounds heard during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing; you can simulate this sound by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear or by moistening your thumb and index finger and separating them near your ear

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 140

A

Loud, low-pitched bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspiration and may be present in expiration; may decrease somewhat by suctioning or coughing but reappear shortly—sounds like opening a Velcro fastener

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 141

A

Sound like fine crackles but do not last and are not pathologic; disappear after the first few breaths; heard in axillae and bases (usually dependent) of lungs

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 142

A

A very superficial sound that is coarse and low pitched; it has a grating quality as if two pieces of leather are being rubbed together; sounds just like crackles, but close to the ear; sounds louder if you push the stethoscope harder onto the chest wall; sound is inspiratory and expiratory

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 143

A

High-pitched, musical squeaking sounds that sound polyphonic (multiple notes as in a musical chord); predominate in expiration but may occur in both expiration and inspiration

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 144

A

Low-pitched; monophonic, single-note, musical snoring, moaning sounds; they are heard throughout the cycle, although they are more prominent on expiration; may clear somewhat by coughing

Answer 145

A

High-pitched, monophonic, inspiratory, crowing sound; louder in neck than over chest wall

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 146

A

“angle of Louis”
to start counting ribs, which helps localize a respiratory finding horizontally.

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 147

A

90 or less

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 148

A

Equal in children
6 yr olds 1:2
Adults 0.7-0.75
More in COPD

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 149

A

leaning forward with arms braced against their knees, chair, or bed. This gives them leverage so the abdominal, intercostal, and neck muscles all can aid in expiration.

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 150

A

Fremitus is most prominent between the scapulae and around the sternum, sites where the major bronchi are closest to the chest wall. It normally decreases as you progress down because more and more tissue impedes sound transmission.
Fremitus feels greater over a thin chest wall than over an obese or heavily muscular one where thick tissue damps the vibration.
A loud, low-pitched voice generates more fremitus than a soft, high-pitched one

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 151

A

Resonant

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)

Answer 152

A

Examiner’s breath
Stethoscope tubing
Patient shivering
Hairy chest / movement of hairs soundign like crackles can be minimized by pressing harder or buy wetting the hair
Rustling of paper gown/drape
Sounds from connected tubes/lines/devices

(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)