NSG 200 Test 3 Study Guides Combined Flashcards
Contains: Jarvis 13 (SkinHairNails) Study Guide e-mailed from Pr. Hammer Jarvis 19 (ThoraxLungs) Study Guide e-mailed from Pr. Hammer
1
Q
Alopecia
A
baldness; hair loss
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
2
Q
Annular
A
circular shape to skin lesion
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
3
Q
Bulla
A
elevated cavity containing free fluid larger than 1 cm in diameter
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
4
Q
Confluent
A
skin lesions that run together
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
5
Q
Crust
A
thick, dried-out exudate left on the skin when vesicles or pustules burst or dry up
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
6
Q
Cyanosis
A
dusky blue color to skin or mucous membranes, as a result of an increased amount of nonoxygenated hemoglobin
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
7
Q
Erosion
A
scooped-out, shallow depression in the skin
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
8
Q
Erythema
A
intense redness of the skin due to excess blood in dilated superficial capillaries, as in fever or inflammation
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
9
Q
Excoriation
A
self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
10
Q
Fissure
A
linear crack in skin extending into dermis
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
11
Q
Furuncle
A
boil; suppurative inflammatory skin lesion due to infected hair follicle
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
12
Q
Hemangioma
A
skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
13
Q
Iris
A
target shape of skin lesion
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
14
Q
Jaundice
A
yellow color to skin, palate, and sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
15
Q
Keloid
A
hypertrophic scar, elevated beyond the site of original injury
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
16
Q
Lichenification
A
tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin; caused by prolonged, intense scratching
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
17
Q
Lipoma
A
benign fatty tumor, composed of mature fat cells
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
18
Q
Maceration
A
softening of tissue by soaking in liquid
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
19
Q
Macule
A
flat skin lesion with only a color change
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
20
Q
Nevus
A
mole; circumscribed skin lesion due to excess melanocytes
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
21
Q
Nodule
A
elevated skin lesion larger than 1 cm in diameter
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
22
Q
Pallor
A
excessively pale, whitish-pink color to lightly pigmented skin
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
23
Q
Papule
A
palpable skin lesion smaller than 1 cm in diameter
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
24
Q
Plaque
A
skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
25
Pruritus
itching
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
26
Purpura
red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
27
Pustule
elevated cavity containing thick, turbid fluid
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
28
Scale
compact desiccated flakes of skin from shedding of dead skin cells
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
29
Telangiectasia
skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
30
Ulcer
sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue that causes a deep depression in skin, extending into dermis
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
31
Vesicle
elevated cavity containing free fluid up to 1 cm in diameter
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
32
Wheal
raised red skin lesion due to interstitial fluid
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
33
Zosteriform
linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
34
List the 3 layers associated with the skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
35
Describe the epidermis layer
Inner stratum basale or basal cell layer forms new cells. Major ingredient is keratin (tough&fibrous)
Melanocytes produce pigment melanin for brown. All races have same amount
From basal layer new cells migrate up & flatten into outer stratum corneum or horny cell layer. (dead keratinized cells)
completely replaced every 4 weeks
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
36
Describe the dermis layer
Inner layer. Supportive connective tissue. Collagen (tough/fibrous protein).
Nerves, sensory recepts, blood vessels, & lymphatics
Appendages (hair, sebaceous, sweat glands)
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
37
Describe the subcutaneous layer
Adipose. Energy, insulation/temperature
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
38
What are the two sweat glands?
Eccrine and Apocrine
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
39
Which weat gland produes sweat?
Eccrine
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
40
Which sweat gland produces a thick milky secretion?
Apocrine
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
41
What produces sebum and is everywhere except the palms and soles?
Sebaceous
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
42
Name 5 functions of the skin
"P, Pp, P, F, T"
1. Protection
2. Prevents penetration
3. Perception
4. Fluid balance
5. Temperature regulation
6. Identification
7. Communication
8. Wound repair
9. Absorption and excretion
10. Produce Vit D
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
43
What is pallor and what causes it?
White skin or ashen gray in people of color.
Causes: peripheral vasoconstriction from sympathetic nervous system stimulation (anxiety, fear). Also cold/cigarettes/edema
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
44
What is erythema and what causes it?
Red skin or warm/tight/taught in people of color.
Causes: Polycythemia, venous stasis, CO Px, petechia, ecchymosis, hematoma, lesions)
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
45
What is cyanosis and what causes it?
Blue skin or difficult to see in people of color which requires looking at clinical signs. Causes: Deoxy blood, hypoxemia, shock, card arr, heart flx, chr bronc
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
46
What is jaundice and what causes it?
Yellowing of skin but not in the subconjunctival in people of color.
Causes: Excess bilirubin. Hep, sicklecell, transfusion rxn
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
47
What causes changes in skin temperature?
Lower in Shock. Peripheral arterial unsuffic. Raynaud’s.
Higher in hyperthyroid
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
48
What causes changes in skin texture?
Hyperthyroid = smooth soft velvet.
Hypothyroid = rough dry flaky
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
49
What causes changes in skin moisture?
diaphoretic in Thyrotoxicosis, MI, anxiety, pain.
dry in dehydration
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
50
What causes changes in skin mobility?
- with edema
+ in ?
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
51
What causes changes in skin turgor?
poor in dehydration, xtrem weight loss,
Good in ?
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
52
What is leukonychia?
The white linear markings that are normally visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
53
The white linear markings that are normally visible through the nail and on the pink nail bed are termed:
leukonchia
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
54
What is a Mongolian spot
common variation of hyperpigmentation in Black, Asian, Native American, and Latino newborns.
blue-black–to-purple macular area at the sacrum or buttocks but sometimes on the abdomen, thighs, shoulders, or arms
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
55
What is Café au lait spot
large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation (thus the name coffee with milk), which is usually present at birth
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
56
What is a Erythema toxicum
common rash that appears in the first 3 to 4 days of life. Sometimes called the flea bite rash
tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
57
What is a Cutis marmorata
transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures
reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin. It disappears with warming.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
58
What is a Physiologic jaundice
- normal variation in about half of all newborns.
- yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of the increased numbers of red blood cells that hemolyze after birth.
- The hemoglobin in the red blood cells is metabolized by the liver and spleen; its pigment is converted into bilirubin.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
59
What is a Milia
tiny white papules on the forehead and eyelids, also on cheeks, nose, and chin, caused by sebum that occludes the opening of the follicles
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
60
What is a Lentigines
- “liver spots” are common, circumscribed clusters of melanocytes due to chronic sun exposure.
- They are small, flat, brown macules and appear on the dorsa of hands, forearms, face, upper trunk, and shins in
- 90% of White persons older than age 60 years and in Asian persons
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
61
What is Seborrheic keratosis
- Looks dark, greasy, and “stuck on”
- mostly on the trunk but also on the face and hands and on both unexposed and sun-exposed areas.
- do not become cancerous but may be irritated from friction or trauma
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
62
Describe Acrochordons (skin tags)
Where do they frequently occur?
- overgrowths of normal skin that form a stalk and are polyp-like
- They occur frequently on eyelids, cheeks and neck, and axillae and trunk.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
63
What is Actinic keratosis
- most frequent premalignant skin lesion in White persons and is caused directly by sun/artificial UV radiation exposur
- red-tan scaly plaques that increase over the years to become raised and roughened. They may have a silvery-white scale adherent to the plaque. They occur on sun-exposed surfaces and may develop into squamous cell carcinoma
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
64
What is a Sebaceous hyperplasia
raised yellow papules with a central depression. They are more common in men, occurring over the forehead, nose, or cheeks. They have a pebbly look
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
65
What is petechia
- Tiny punctate hemorrhages, 1 to 3 mm, round and discrete; dark red, purple, or brown in color.
- Caused by bleeding from superficial capillaries; will not blanch.
- Cannot be seen when skin is very dark.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
66
What is a bruise (contusion)
mechanical injury results in hemorrhage into tissues. Skin is intact. Color in a light-skinned person is usually in varying stages
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
67
What is hematoma?
I DONT KNOW THIS ISNT REFERENCED IN JARVIS 13
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
68
What does the following look like: Measles (rubeola)
- Light: Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash
- Dark: Red-purple maculopapular blotchy rash
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
69
What does the following look like: German measles (rubella)
- Light: (pictures in Jarvis)
- Dark: (pictures in Jarvis)
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
70
What does the following look like: chickenpox (varicella)
- Light: (pictures in Jarvis)
- Dark: (pictures in Jarvis)
- Small, tight, shiny vesicles on an erythematous base “dewdrop on rose petal” become pustules and then crusts. Pruritic.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
71
Describe Stage 1 pressure injury
Intact skin. Red. Unbroken. Changs in sens/temp/firm.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
72
Describe Stage 2 pressure injury
Loss of/exposed epidermis. Looks lke shallow brasion or open blister with red-pink wound bed. No visible fat or deeper tissue.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
73
Describe Stage 3 pressure injury
Extends into subq and resembles crater. Visible subq fat, granulation, and rolled edges but not muscle/bone/tendon
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
74
Describe Stage 4 pressure injury
Involves all skin layers. Extends into support tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. Slough or eschar. Rolled edges and tunneling.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
75
Macule
Solely a color change, flat and circumscribed, of less than 1 cm. Examples: freckles, flat nevi, hypopigmentation, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
76
Papule
Something you can feel (i.e., solid, elevated, circumscribed, less than 1 cm diameter) caused by superficial thickening in epidermis. Examples: elevated nevus (mole), lichen planus, molluscum, wart (verruca).
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
77
Plaque
Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1 cm. A plateaulike, disk-shaped lesion. Examples: psoriasis, lichen planus.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
78
Nodule
Solid, elevated, hard or soft, larger than 1 cm. May extend deeper into dermis than papule. Examples: xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
79
Tumor
Larger than a few centimeters in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant, although “tumor” implies “cancer” to most people. Examples: lipoma, hemangioma.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
80
Wheal
Superficial, raised, transient, and erythematous; slightly irregular shape from edema (fluid held diffusely in the tissues).
Examples: mosquito bite, allergic reaction, dermographism.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
81
Vesicle
Elevated cavity containing free fluid, up to 1 cm; a “blister.” Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured. Examples: herpes simplex, early varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), contact dermatitis.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
82
Pustule
Turbid fluid (pus) in the cavity. Circumscribed and elevated. Examples: impetigo, acne.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
83
Crust
The thickened, dried-out exudate left when vesicles/pustules burst or dry up. Color can be red-brown, honey, or yellow, depending on fluid ingredients (blood, serum, pus). Examples: impetigo (dry, honey-colored), weeping eczematous dermatitis, scab after abrasion.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
84
Scale
Compact, desiccated flakes of skin, dry or greasy, silvery or white, from shedding of dead excess keratin cells. Examples: after scarlet fever or drug reaction (laminated sheets), psoriasis (silver, micalike), seborrheic dermatitis (yellow, greasy), eczema, ichthyosis (large, adherent, laminated), dry skin.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
85
Fissure
Linear crack with abrupt edges; extends into dermis; dry or moist. Examples: cheilosis—at corners of mouth caused by excess moisture; athlete’s foot.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
86
erosion
Scooped-out but shallow depression. Superficial; epidermis lost; moist but no bleeding; heals without scar because erosion does not extend into dermis.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
87
ulcer
Deeper depression extending into dermis, irregular shape; may bleed; leaves scar when heals. Examples: stasis ulcer, pressure injury, chancre.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
88
Harleyquin
The harlequin color change is a distinct line of red/pale color down the midline or horizontal. One-half of the body turns red and blanches; this is transient with no treatment needed. It may be due to changes in vascular tone. (Fig. 13.19A).
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
89
Erythema toxicum
a common rash that appears in the first 3 to 4 days of life. Sometimes called the flea bite rash or newborn rash, it consists of tiny punctate red macules and papules on the cheeks, trunk, chest, back, and buttocks (Fig. 13.19B). The cause is unknown; no treatment is needed.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
90
Acrocyanosis
Acrocyanosis is a bluish color around the lips, hands and fingernails, and feet and toenails. This may last for a few hours and disappear with warming.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
91
Physiologic jaundice
a normal variation in about half of all newborns. A yellowing of the skin, sclera, and mucous membranes develops after the 3rd or 4th day of life because of the increased numbers of red blood cells that hemolyze after birth. The hemoglobin in the red blood cells is metabolized by the liver and spleen; its pigment is converted into bilirubin.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
92
Carotenemia
Carotenemia also produces a yellow-orange color in light-skinned persons but no yellowing in the sclera or mucous membranes. It comes from ingesting large amounts of foods containing carotene, a vitamin A precursor. Carotene-rich foods are popular as prepared infant foods, and the absorption of carotene is enhanced by mashing, pureeing, and cooking. The color is best seen on the palms and soles, forehead, tip of the nose and nasolabial folds, chin, behind the ears, and over the knuckles; it fades to normal color within 2 to 6 weeks of withdrawing carotene-rich foods from the diet.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
93
Cafe au lait spot
The café au lait spot is a large round or oval patch of light brown pigmentation (thus the name coffee with milk), which is usually present at birth (Fig. 13.18A). Usually these patches are normal.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
94
Cutis marmorata
Cutis marmorata is a transient mottling in the trunk and extremities in response to cooler room temperatures It forms a reticulated red or blue pattern over the skin. It disappears with warming.
(Jarvis 13 Study Guide Emailed)
95
Alveoli
functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
96
Angle of Louis
manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
97
Apnea
cessation of breathing
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
98
Asthma
an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by inflammation, bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
99
Atelectasis
an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
100
Bradypnea
slow breathing, fewer than 10 breaths per minute, regular rate
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
101
Bronchiole
one of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
102
Bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
103
Bronchophony
the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
104
Bronchovesicular
the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by a moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
105
Carina
ridge of cartilage located inside the trachea where it bifurcates into the right and left mainstem bronchi
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
106
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (e.g., emphysema, chronic bronchitis)
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
107
Cilia
millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
108
Consolidation
the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
109
Crackles
abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
110
Crepitus
coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
111
Dead space
passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange (e.g., trachea, bronchi)
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
112
Dyspnea
difficult, labored breathing
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
113
Emphysema
type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of the alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
114
Fissure
the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
115
Fremitus
a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
116
Friction rub
a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
117
Hypercapnia
(also termed hypercarbia) increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
118
Hyperventilation
increased rate and depth of breathing
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
119
Hypoxemia
decreased level of oxygen in the blood
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
120
Intercostal space
space between the ribs
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
121
Kussmaul respiration
type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
122
Orthopnea
difficulty breathing when supine
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
123
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
sudden awakening from sleeping, with shortness of breath
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
124
Percussion
striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
125
Pleural effusion
abnormal fluid collection between the layers of the pleura
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
126
Stridor
high-pitched inspiratory crowing sound caused by upper airway obstruction, louder over the neck than the chest wall
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
127
Tachypnea
rapid, shallow breathing; more than 24 breaths per minute
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
128
Vesicular
refers to soft, low-pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
129
Wheeze
high-pitched, musical, squeaking adventitious lung sound; also used with low-pitched (sonorous) adventitious sounds
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
130
Xiphoid process
sword-shaped lower tip of the sternum
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
131
What are the most important points re: health history for the respiratory system?
1. Cough
2. Shortness of breath
3. Chest pain with breathing
4. History of respiratory infections
5. Smoking history
6. Environmental exposure
7. Patient-centered care
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
132
How do you calculate number of pack years smoked?
Multiply packs per day times year
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
133
Describe pleura
- serous membranes that form an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall. Lubes lungs?
- visceral pleura lines the outside of the lungs, dipping down into the fissures. It is continuous with the parietal pleura lining the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm.
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
134
List the structures that compose the respiratory dead space
Trachea and bronchi
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
135
What are the four functions of respiration
1 supplying oxygen to the body for energy production;
2 removing carbon dioxide as a waste product of energy reactions;
3 maintaining homeostasis (acid-base balance) of arterial blood; and
4 maintaining heat exchange (less important in humans).
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
136
List the elements included in inspection of the respiratory system
- Shape and configuration
- AP:TP of ~.70-.75
- Neck & trapezius normal?
- Position taken to breath
- Relaxed and ability to support weight with arms at sides or in lap
- Skin and condition
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
137
Define scoliosis
A lateral S-shaped curvature of the thoracic and lumbar spine,
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
138
Define kyphosis
Exaggerated posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback) that causes significant back pain and limited mobility.
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
139
- Crackles (fine)
Discontinuous, high-pitched, short crackling, popping sounds heard during inspiration that are not cleared by coughing; you can simulate this sound by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear or by moistening your thumb and index finger and separating them near your ear
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
140
Crackles (coarse)
Loud, low-pitched bubbling and gurgling sounds that start in early inspiration and may be present in expiration; may decrease somewhat by suctioning or coughing but reappear shortly—sounds like opening a Velcro fastener
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
141
Atelectatic crackles
Sound like fine crackles but do not last and are not pathologic; disappear after the first few breaths; heard in axillae and bases (usually dependent) of lungs
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
142
Pleural friction rub
A very superficial sound that is coarse and low pitched; it has a grating quality as if two pieces of leather are being rubbed together; sounds just like crackles, but close to the ear; sounds louder if you push the stethoscope harder onto the chest wall; sound is inspiratory and expiratory
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
143
Wheeze (sibilant)
High-pitched, musical squeaking sounds that sound polyphonic (multiple notes as in a musical chord); predominate in expiration but may occur in both expiration and inspiration
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
144
Wheeze (sonorous rhonchi)
Low-pitched; monophonic, single-note, musical snoring, moaning sounds; they are heard throughout the cycle, although they are more prominent on expiration; may clear somewhat by coughing
145
Stridor
High-pitched, monophonic, inspiratory, crowing sound; louder in neck than over chest wall
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
146
What is the sternal notch also called and why is it important?
"angle of Louis"
to start counting ribs, which helps localize a respiratory finding horizontally.
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
147
How many degrees is the normal costal angle?
90 or less
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
148
11. When comparing the anteroposterior diameter of the chest with the transverse diameter, what is the expected ratio? What is the significance of this?
Equal in children
6 yr olds 1:2
Adults 0.7-0.75
More in COPD
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
149
12. What is the tripod position?
leaning forward with arms braced against their knees, chair, or bed. This gives them leverage so the abdominal, intercostal, and neck muscles all can aid in expiration.
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
150
List 3 factors that affect the normal intensity of the tactile fremitus.
1. Fremitus is most prominent between the scapulae and around the sternum, sites where the major bronchi are closest to the chest wall. It normally decreases as you progress down because more and more tissue impedes sound transmission.
2. Fremitus feels greater over a thin chest wall than over an obese or heavily muscular one where thick tissue damps the vibration.
3. A loud, low-pitched voice generates more fremitus than a soft, high-pitched one
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
151
During percussion, which sound would you expect to predominate over normal lung tissue? (p434)
Resonant
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
152
List 6 factors that can cause extraneous noise during auscultation. (p424)
1. Examiner’s breath
2. Stethoscope tubing
3. Patient shivering
4. Hairy chest / movement of hairs soundign like crackles can be minimized by pressing harder or buy wetting the hair
5. Rustling of paper gown/drape
6. Sounds from connected tubes/lines/devices
(Jarvis 19 Study Guide Emailed)
153
Describe bronchial breath sounds.
- Bronchial = high pitch, loud amps, inspir
154
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
155
Clubbing
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
156
Mongolian spots
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
157
Mongolian spots
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
158
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Annular or circular
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
159
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Confluent
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
160
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Discrete
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
161
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Grouped
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
162
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Gyrate
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
163
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Target, or iris
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
164
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Linear
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
165
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Polycyclic
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
166
What shape/configuration is this lesion?
Zosteriform
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
167
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Macule
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
168
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
Papule
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
169
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Patches
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
170
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Plaques
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
171
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Nodules
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
172
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Wheals
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
173
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Tumors
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
174
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Urticaria (hives)
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
175
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Vesicles
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
176
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Cysts
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
177
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Bullas
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
178
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Pustules
Primary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
179
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Crust
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
180
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Crust
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
181
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Scale
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
182
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Scale
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
183
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Fissure
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
184
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Fissure
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
185
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Erosion
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
186
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Erosion
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
187
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Ulcer
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
188
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Ulcer
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
189
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Excoriation
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
190
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Scars
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
191
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Scar
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
192
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Excoriation
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
193
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
194
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Atrophic scar
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
195
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Atrophic scar
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
196
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Lichenifications
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
197
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Lichenifications
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
198
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Keloid
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
199
Identify this skin lesion?
Is it a primary or secondary skin lesion?
Keloid
Secondary
(Week 9 PowerPoint)
