Potter 12 (Conception thru Adolescence) Flashcards
______ is an excellent indicator of overall health during infancy.
Growth
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Although growth rates are variable, infants usually _______ their birth weight by 6 months and _____ it by 1 year of age.
double, triple
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Although growth rates are variable, infants usually double their birth weight by ______ and triple it by ______ of age.
6 months, 1 year
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
In addition to height and weight,_______ grow and mature rapidly in the infant.
organ systems
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Although body systems are developing rapidly, the infant’s organs differ from those of older children and adults in ______ and _____
both structure and function
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
__________ place the infant at risk for a variety of infections, whereas_______ increases risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Immature respiratory and immune systems
an immature renal system
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
During the first few months after birth, muscle growth and weight gain allow for increased control of _______ and ______
reflexes and more purposeful movement
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
By _______ infants can lift their head 90 degrees from a prone position and can hold it steadily erect while in a sitting position.
2 to 3 months
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
By 2 to 3 months, infants can lift their head ______ and can hold it steadily erect while _______
90 degrees from a prone position, in a sitting position
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
By the time babies reach_____ of age, they begin to become much more active, curious, and mobile.
6 months
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
By _______, they can extend an object and release it into an offered hand, therefore parents need to be prepared by making sure their house and the toys with which the baby plays are safe.
1 year of age
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Babies learn through _______ and ______ in many different types of experiences.
exploring and participating
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
During ______, connections form within the central nervous system, providing fine motor control of the numerous muscles required for speech.
infancy
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Although there is great variability, most children begin to make nonmeaningful sounds such as “ma,” “da,” or “ah,” by _________
4 to 6 months
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
The sounds become more meaningful and specific by _______, and
9 to 15 months
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
By _____ the child usually has a vocabulary of several words, such as “mama,” “dada,” and “bye-bye.”
1 year
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
_______ development is very much related to cognitive, social, and psychological development.
Language
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Children raised in a bilingual environment will have a delay in _______
verbal language skills
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
One of the most important aspects of infant psychosocial development is ________, which allows for a sense of belonging to or connection with each other and is critical for normal development and survival.
parent-infant attachment
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
________ us when attachment is strengthened by many mutually satisfying interactions between the parents and the infant throughout the first months of life.
Initiated immediately after birth
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Infants display an obvious preference for parents over other caregivers and other unfamiliar people, which can lead to stranger anxiety, a phenomenon that peaks around 7-9 months.____
7-9 months
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
Stranger anxiety is _____ and _____ in infancy.
normal and expected
(Potter 12 G&D of Neo&Inf Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler’s ________ (compared with an infant) leads to a reduced demand for calories and decreased appetite.
slower physical growth rate
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler grows an average of ___ (2.26 kg) each year
5 lbs
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler grows ___ in. each year, and head circumference increases approximately 1.5 in. (3.7 cm) each year.
3” (7.62cm)
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler grows an average of 5lbs (2.26 kg) how often?
each year
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler head circumference increases approximately _____ each year.
1.5 in. (3.7 cm)
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
_______ gives the toddler a potbellied appearance.
Immature abdominal musculature
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Immature abdominal musculature gives the toddler a __________
potbellied appearance
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The child’s short legs may appear _____
slightly bowed, and the feet appear flat
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The child’s feet appear ______
flat
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The ____ years are characterized by a struggle for autonomy, or independence, as the child develops a sense of self separate from the parent.
toddler
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler years are characterized by a struggle for:
struggle for autonomy, or independence, as the child develops a sense of self separate from the parent
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The combination of increased motor skills, immaturity, and lack of experience places the toddler at risk for
unintentional injury
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The combination of _____, _____, and _____ places the toddler at risk for unintentional injury.
increased motor skills, immaturity, and lack of experience
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
walking without help occurs at ___ months
15
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
throwing a ball overhand at ___ months
18
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
walking up and down stairs with both feet on a step by ___ years
2
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
jumping in place with both feet by ___ years
2.5
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Tremendous cognitive and social growth occurs during the _____ years.
toddler
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Tremendous ____ and _____ growth occurs during the toddler years.
cognitive and social
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Major milestones for toddler include: ___, ____, ____, ____, ___, and ____.
autonomy, potty training, development of a self-concept, object permanence, domestic mimicry, and deferred imitation
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Critical language developmental milestones for 2-year-olds include:
saying three to six words together and pointing to two pictures
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Critical language developmental milestones for 2-year-olds include saying _______ words together and pointing to _____ pictures.
three to six, two
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
______ interact with other children through parallel play but display strong egocentrism in their actions.
Toddlers
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Toddlers interact with other children through _____ but display strong egocentrism in their actions.
parallel play
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
Toddlers interact with other children through parallel play but display strong ______ in their actions.
egocentrism
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The _____ period is a developmental period characterized by negativism, ritualism, egocentrism, and temper tantrums.
toddler
(Potter Ch12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The toddler period is a developmental period characterized by: _____, ____, ____, and _____
negativism, ritualism, egocentrism, and temper tantrums
(Potter 12 Toddler Sherpath Key Points)
The ________ child’s growth is slow and steady, with minimal increases in height and weight during this period.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
The preschool child’s growth is ____ and _____ with _____ increases in height and weight during this period.
slow and steady, minimal
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
_______ results in a thinner appearance of the preschool child.
Growth of the legs and a decrease in appetite
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Growth of the legs and a decrease in appetite results in a thinner appearance of the ______ child.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
_____ and ______ improve motor skill development in the preschool child.
Increased brain size and nerve myelination
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical fine motor skill development of the preschool child includes _________
imitating a vertical line, wiggling thumbs, and building a tower of eight blocks
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical fine motor skill development of the preschool child includes imitating a vertical line, wiggling thumbs, and building a tower of ____ blocks.
eight
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
__________ includes balancing on each foot for 1 second, jumping forward, and throwing a ball overhand.
Critical gross motor skill development
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical gross motor skill development includes balancing on each foot for ___ second(s), jumping forward, and throwing a ball overhand.
1
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical gross motor skill development includes _____, ____, and _____
balancing on each foot for 1 second, jumping forward, and throwing a ball overhand
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
______ become more independent, active and inquisitive, but also have greater self-control than the toddler.
Preschoolers
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Preschoolers become ____, ____, and ____ but also have greater self-control than the toddler.
more independent, active and inquisitive
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
The preschool years are a critical period for the development of ______.
socialization
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
The _____ years are a critical period for the development of socialization.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Children need opportunities to play with others to learn ___ and ___.
communication and social skills, and they also need appropriate guidance to learn acceptable behavior
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
______ of the preschool child is marked by symbolic play, centration, and a dramatic increase in language skills.
Cognitive development
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Cognitive development of the _____ child is marked by symbolic play, centration, and a dramatic increase in language skills.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Cognitive development of the preschool child is marked by ___, )___, ____
symbolic play, centration, and a dramatic increase in language skills
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
_____ children will develop a sense of initiative, learn new skills, and begin to problem solve.
Preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Learning to relate to other children the same age is an important task of the _______ child.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical social/personal milestones of the _____ child are associated with the increasing independence of the preschool child.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical social/personal milestones of the preschool child are associated with what?
the increasing independence of the preschool child
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical language/cognitive milestones of the preschool child are marked by ____ and ____
improved speech and the ability to name objects
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Critical language/cognitive milestones of the _____ child are marked by improved speech and the ability to name objects.
preschool
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
______ milestones of the preschool child are marked by improved speech and the ability to name objects.
Critical language/cognitive
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
________ milestones of the preschool child are associated with the increasing independence of the preschool child.
Critical social/personal
(Potter 12 Preschool Sherpath Key Points)
Slow, steady physical growth and rapid social and cognitive development characterize the school-age period, from ____ to ____ years
6 to 12 years
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
___ physical growth and ____ social and cognitive development characterize the school-age period, from 6 to 12 years.
Slow, steady
rapid
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
Average weight gain in the school-age child is _____ per year
5.5 lb (2.5 kg)
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
In the school-age the increase in height is approximately _____ per year.
2 inches (5.5 cm)
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
During the _______, boys are approximately 1 inch (2.54 cm) taller and 2 lb (0.9 kg) heavier than girls.
early school-age period
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
During the early school-age period, boys are approximately ______ taller and ____heavier than girls.
1 inch (2.54 cm), 2 lb (0.9 kg)
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
During school years. children’s physical changes include: _____. _____. _____. and _____
increased height and weight, increased muscle mass, maturation of body systems, and increased antibody production
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
The age at onset of puberty varies widely, but puberty is occurring __________ Boys start puberty about 1 1/2 years after girls.
at an earlier age than in the past
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
The age at onset of puberty varies widely, but puberty is occurring at an earlier age than in the past. Boys start puberty about ______ after girls.
1 1/2 years
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
______ children experience an increase in appetite.
School-age
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
School-age children experience an _______ in appetite,
increase
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
Older school-age children have ____ energy needs as they approach puberty.
increased
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
Developing a sense of _______ in school aged children is important and nurses can provide parents with actions to support this development.
industry
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
Thinking becomes less egocentric as children learn ________
to consider viewpoints different from their own
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
Thinking becomes less ______ as children learn to consider viewpoints different from their own.
egocentric
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
School-age children can ____, ____, and ____ based on reason.
solve problems, form hypotheses, and make judgments
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
The _____ develops a conscience and internalizes cultural and social values. The child is able to understand and obey rules.
Child
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
The child develops a _____ and internalizes cultural and social values. The child is able to understand and obey rules.
conscience
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
The child develops a conscience and _______. The child is able to understand and obey rules.
internalizes cultural and social values
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
During the _______, children gradually move away from home and parents as a primary source of support, and they enter the wider world of peers and school.
school-age years
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
School-age children enjoy various activities. _____ and ____ are typical of this age-group.
Cooperative play and team sports
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
_____ children enjoy various activities. Cooperative play and team sports are typical of this age-group.
School-age
(Potter 12 School Aged Sherpath Key Points)
_______ is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood that is marked by important physical changes.
Adolescence
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
The pace of physical growth during adolescence is second only to the pace of growth during _____.
infancy
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
______ experience more drastic physical changes earlier than ____.
Girls / boys
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
_____ experience physical changes, but these changes are not as obvious as______.
Boys, girls
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
____achieve peak height velocity (PHV)2 years before_____.
Girls, boys
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Girls achieve ______2 years before boys, with 20% to 25% of adult height being achieved over a 2- to 3-year period.
peak height velocity (PHV)
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Girls achieve peak height velocity (PHV)2 years before boys, with _______% of adult height being achieved over a 2- to 3-year period.
20% to 25%
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Girls achieve peak height velocity (PHV)2 years before boys, with 20% to 25% of adult height being achieved over a ______ year period.
2 to 3
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Average weight gain during growth spurt is _____% of adult weight, largely from body fat in girls and muscle mass in boys.
50
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Average weight gain during growth spurt is 50% of adult weight, largely from ______ in girls and _______ in boys.
body fat, muscle mass
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
_____ and _____ sexual characteristics are acquired through the influence of reproductive hormones in males and females.
Primary and secondary
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Sexual maturity ratings are somewhat variable but predict stages of sexual maturation that are based on _____ and _____in girls and _____ and ____ in boys.
pubic hair and breast development in girls
pubic hair and genital development
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
The first sign of pubertal changes in boys is _______
testicular enlargement
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Other pubertal changes in boys include:
pubic hair development, enlargement of the penis, thinning and darkening of the scrotal skin, and male change in body contour
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
The first sign of pubertal changes in girls is the appearance of _______
breast buds
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Other pubertal changes in girls include:
pubic hair development, menarche, ovulation, darkening of the areola, and female change in body contour
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Early and middle adolescents are _____ and concerned with _______.
egocentric
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
_________ are egocentric and concerned with themselves.
Early and middle adolescents
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
________ during adolescence moves from concrete to abstract reasoning.
Cognitive thinking
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Cognitive thinking during _______ moves from concrete to abstract reasoning.
adolescence
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Cognitive thinking during adolescence moves from ______ reasoning.
concrete to abstract
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
_____ may be emotionally labile, with extreme highs and extreme lows.
Adolescents
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Adolescents may be emotionally _____, with extreme highs and extreme lows.
labile
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Adolescents may be emotionally labile, with ______ and _____
extreme highs and extreme lows.
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Adolescents become _____ oriented and view the world in a broader perspective.
future
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
______ Fine motor control is fully developed in the adolescent.
Fine
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
_____ play an important role in the formation of the adolescent’s identity.
Peer groups
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
Peer groups play an important role in the formation of the adolescent’s _______.
identity
(Potter 12 Adolescent Sherpath Key Points)
