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Jason's Metabolism Block > Postprandial Glucose > Flashcards

Postprandial Glucose Flashcards

1
Q

Islets Gamma Cells make?

A

pancreatic polypeptide

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2
Q

Glucagon made where?

A

Alpha cells

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3
Q

islets Delta cells make?

A

somatostatin

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4
Q

Amylin comes from?

A

Islets Beta Cells

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5
Q

Where are Beta cells in relation to alpha or delta cells

A

Beta in the middle

Alpha all around

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6
Q

Islets Alpha cells make?

A

glucagon

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7
Q

somatostatin made where?

A

delta-cells

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8
Q

What makes pancreatic polypeptide in the islets?

A

gamma cells

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9
Q

Islets Beta Cells make?

A

Insulin

Amylin

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10
Q

what converts preprohormone to prohormone?

A

prohormone convertase 2

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11
Q

what converts prohormone to insulin?

A

prohormone convertase 1

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12
Q

C-peptide conserved or mutated across species?

A

mutated

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13
Q

C-peptide is?

A

part that is cleaved from proinsulin to insulin

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14
Q

insulin in cell packaged in? what’s in it?

A

secretory granules with endopeptidase within

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15
Q

mature insulin in secretary granules form?

A

crystal core

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16
Q

2 phases of insulin secretion?

A
  1. sharp rise (2-5 minutes) (cell near surface)

2. prolonged secretion phase

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17
Q

Cellular events in insulin secretion

A

AA or GLUT2 > glucose–>G6P > TCA > ATP > close K+ > Ca2+ influx > insulin secreted

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18
Q

What can stimulate insulin besides glucose?

A

Amino Acids
Fatty Acids
glucose

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19
Q

more or less insulin secreted when glucose taken orally? implications?

A

More

means that there are hormones released in gut

20
Q

what effect demonstrates increased oral vs. IV glucose for insulin?

A

Incretin Effect

21
Q

What are incretins?

A

gut-derived hormones in response to nutrients

22
Q

2 main incretins:

A
  1. glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

2. Glucose-induced insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)

23
Q

Where are the follow secreted? 1. glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)
2. Glucose-induced insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)

A
  1. lower small bowel

2. upper small bowel

24
Q

Which incretin more potent? GLP-1? of GIP?

25
GLP-1 secreted from which cells?
Lower small bowel: L-cells
26
When is GLP-1 secreted?
when glucose levels high
27
GLP-1 does what to glucagon?
inhibits
28
GLP-1 does what to Beta-cells?
stims insulin proliferation differentiation Maturation
29
why GLP-1 as drug won't work?
half-life of 2 minutes
30
What are exenatide and liraglutide?
GLP-1R agonists (incretin mimetics)
31
DPP-4 inhibitors are for?
inhibiting break down of incretins to enhance incretin levels
32
where did scientists get idea for long acting GLP-1
Gila monster, only eats twice a year
33
exenatide gain or lose weight?
lose weight
34
how often give exenatide?
once a week
35
What worsens DMII process?
progressive Beta cell failure
36
GLP-1 treatment for humans in order to do what?
grow more Beta cells
37
GLP-1 cancer risk?
None so far tested
38
Glucose-induced insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secreted from which cells?
Duodenum: K cells
39
Glucose-induced insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) activates?
lipoprotein lipase to enhance fat clearance from blood
40
Amylin role?
secreted with insulin to inhibit glucagon secretion, decrease appetite
41
Glucagon stims?
liver to release glucose
42
pancreatic polypeptide released when?
after meal
43
pancreatic polypeptide inhibits?
food intake pancreatic enzyme secretion blocks gall bladder contraction
44
somatostatin inhibits 3 big things
insulin glucagon pancreatic exocrine
45
purpose of smoatostatin?
prevent exaggerated responses to a meal

Jason's Metabolism Block (17 decks)

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