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Jason's Metabolism Block > Minerals > Flashcards

Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

what does trace minerals depend on?

A

soil and water composition and food processing

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2
Q

what kind of mineral deficiencies are easy to miss?

A

mild deficiencies

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3
Q

most common result of children with mineral deficiency?

A

Failure to grow/thrive

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4
Q

hypercalcaemia leads to impaired:

A

kidney function (stones)
other mineral absorption
bone: osteoporosis

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5
Q

If blood calcium is too high, what releases?

A

Calcitonin from thyroid

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6
Q

If blood calcium is too low what releases?

A

Parathyroid and vitamin D

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7
Q

What is malignant hyperthermia? how triggered?

A
  1. muscle releases excess Ca2+, uncontrolled ATPase

2. happen in general anaesthesis: Rx: dantrolene, ice

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8
Q

Calcium upper limit?

A

2.5g/day

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9
Q

majority of phosphorus consumed as?

A

fertilizers/bone ash

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10
Q

where is body’s phosphorus store?

A

hydroxyapatite in bones

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11
Q

phosphorus in body?

A

DNA, RNA, ATP, phospholipids

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12
Q

hypophosphataemia symptoms?

A

muscle, neuronal dysfunction, RBC fragility

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13
Q

hyperphosphataemia symptoms?

A

diarrhoea

calcification of organs/soft tissues

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14
Q

Potassium best found in what foods?

A

fruits/veg: bananas

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15
Q

potassium toxicity:

A

stop the heart

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16
Q

potassium deficiency:

A

arrythmias, weakness

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17
Q

Sulfur requirements met how?

A

by consuming aminoacids with sulfur sidechains: cysteine and methionine

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18
Q

Where on body high in sulfur?

A

keratin in skin, hair, nails

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19
Q

Sodium RDI?

A

2300mg/day

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20
Q

excess sodium leads to?

A

hypertension, oedema

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21
Q

Chloride toxicity?

A

vomitting

22
Q

Magnesium supports what 2 things mainly?

A

bone mineralisation

muscle contractions

23
Q

Magnesium is a co-factor in?

A

ATP

24
Q

What is epsom salt? use?

A

MgS04, use as laxatives

25
Q

Does magnesium help with muscle cramps?

A

probably

26
Q

Iron RDI women, vs. men

A

women: 18mg/day
men: 8mg/day

27
Q

Deficiency in iron results in?

A

Anaemia, body temp dysreg, pica

28
Q

haemochromatosis signs?

A

skin pigmentation, cirrhosis, diabetes

29
Q

Fe3+ or 2+ absorbed and used?

A

Fe2+

30
Q

Irons absorption assisted by?

A

vitamin C

31
Q

daily turn over in iron?

A

2-4mg

32
Q

Hereditary haemochromatosis is what?

A

defect in iron carrying/storing protein leads to excess iron

33
Q

Zinc: men or women need more?

A

men, 14mg vs/ 8mg women

34
Q

zinc important in what enzyme?

A

insulin

sperm production

35
Q

zinc deficiency leads to?

A

growth retardation

36
Q

highest source of zinc?

A

oysters

37
Q

copper is important because?

A

final electron carrier in oxidative phosphorylation

38
Q

Two copper diseases are:

A

Menke’s disease

Wilson’s disease

39
Q

What is Menke’s disease?

A

X-linked: +++ copper storage, no release: sparse, wirey hair, defective ATP7a

40
Q

Wilson’s disease?

A

copper toxicity, overactive ATP7A

41
Q

What is kayser-Fleischer ring?

A

copper deposition in ring around cornea: diagnostic

42
Q

Manganese is key in what formation?

A

glycogenin for glycogen formation and initiates photosynthesis

43
Q

What is ATP7A do?

A

copper transporter

44
Q

Selenium needed to make?

A

T3 and T4

45
Q

Selenium toxicity?

A

garlic breath

brittle hair/nails,

46
Q

Selenium comes from?

A

soil

47
Q

Chromium enhances?

A

insulin and glucose tolerance

48
Q

Molybdenum for?

A

enzyme co-factor

49
Q

Vitamin B12 contains?

A

cobalt

50
Q

fluoride function?

A

maintain bone and teeth health

51
Q

fluorosis symptoms?

A

pitting/discoloration of teeth

Jason's Metabolism Block (17 decks)

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