Diabetes Type 1 Management

Question 1

DM1 presents with?

Answer 1

weight loss
polyuria
polydipsia
ketoacidosis

Question 2

short acting insulin GLARGINE is short or long acting?

Answer 2

long acting

Question 3

Detemir replaces B30 and replaced with?

Answer 3

fatty acid

Question 4

Typical insulin regime?

Answer 4

1. Basal Bolus before bed

2. short acting prior to each meal

Question 5

Insulin pumps deliver?

Answer 5

continuously at back ground rate

Question 6

What is artificial pancreas?

Answer 6

closed loop system

Question 7

what is artificial pancreas good for?

Answer 7

prevention of nocturnal hypoglycaemia

Question 8

2 issues with islet transplantation?

Answer 8

1. availability

2. life-long immunosuppression

Question 9

3 tissues particularly vulnerable to DM1 complications?

Answer 9

Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Neuropathy

Question 10

What should you aim for in glycaemic control?

Answer 10

7 for HB-A1C

Question 11

what is non-enzymatic glycosylation?

Answer 11

binds to RBC proteins irreversibly covalent bonds

Question 12

Why measure HB-A1C?

Answer 12

gives an indirect measure of average levels of blood glucose for past 3 months

Question 13

Why measure fructosamine?

Answer 13

if they have high red cell turn over as they will have low HB-A1C

Question 14

how to measure kidney function in DM1?

Answer 14

urinary microalbumin

creatinine to albumin ratio

Question 15

How test neuropathy in DM1?

Answer 15

sensation testing

Question 16

what is low blood glucose value?

Answer 16

<4mmol/L

Question 17

2 types of hypoglycaemia symptoms?

Answer 17

1. rapid fall: sympathetic discharge

2. absolute low: brain malfunction/coma, death

Question 18

what hormone seems to be the one important factor to get out of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 18

glucagon

Question 19

How to treat conscious hypoglycaemia?

Answer 19

oral glucose then meal

Question 20

how to treat diminished conscious hypoglycaemia?

Answer 20

intravenous glucose or

glucagon

Question 21

if DM1 has no insulin for a day, what happens?

Answer 21

ketoacidosis: hospitalization

Question 22

1 reason for ketoacidosis in DM1?

Answer 22

infection

Question 23

why give potassium replacement in ketoacidosis?

Answer 23

Insulin pushes K+ into cells > hypokalaemia > arrythmia > death

Question 24

important thing to do if keto in a known diabetic?

Answer 24

reasons behind it