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Jason's Metabolism Block > Fats & Proteins > Flashcards

Fats & Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

where do you get components for collagen and enzymes?

A

protein in diet

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2
Q

fat, carb or protein digestion most complicated?

A

protein

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3
Q

branched chain amino acids for sports performance?

A

nope.

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4
Q

what is major waste product for proteins?

A

Nitrogen, into urea

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5
Q

Protein stores located where?

A

proteins not stored

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6
Q

What happens to broken down amino acids?

A

stripped of carbon for fuel

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7
Q

water needed to break down carbs? fats?

A

Needed for carbs, not fats

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8
Q

How much energy per gram of fat? compared to carbs/proteins?

A

37kj/g

17kj/g

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9
Q

brain can’t use what energy source? use what instead when glucose runs out?

A

can’t use fats

can use ketones

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10
Q

Trans-fat increase your?

A

LDL

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11
Q

what is TAG?

A

triacylglycerol

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12
Q

What happens to triaylglycerol in metabolism?

A

glycerol > glucose via gluconeogensis

3FA > Ketones

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13
Q

Fats in digestion transported how?

A

chylomicrons in lymph bypassing liver

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14
Q

adipocyte is missing?

A

cytoskeleton in order to have more lipid storage

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15
Q

adipocytes make what hormone?

A

Leptin

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16
Q

liver cells with fat inside are spread out and patchy, why?

A

cytoskeleton

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17
Q

What 3 things can’t use fat as fuel?

A

RBCs
Brain
Testes

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18
Q

fatty acids transported in blood via?

A

serum albmin

19
Q

What is Carnitine?

A

transports Fatty acyl-CoA into mitochondria for oxidation. Rate limiting step in B-oidation

20
Q

palmitate makes how many ATP?

21
Q

What are acetoacetate, B-hydroxybutyrate and acetone used for?

A

Ketone mixture produced in mitochondria for energy (B-hydroxybutyrate only) Acetone is waste product.

22
Q

too much ketones in blood leads to?

A

ketoacidosis: pH<7, = coma

23
Q

How do you maintain glucose levels in starvation 2 weeks in after all glycogen is gone?

A

Gluconeogenesis using:

  1. amino acids
  2. glycerol from FFA
24
Q

Omega 3 fats do what 3 things in body?

A
  1. Inhibit thromboxane
  2. promoted prostacyclin
  3. inhibit leukotrienes (RA, inflam, etc.)
25
RDA of protein?
1g/kg
26
any protein in faeces?
very little
27
all proteins absorbed as amino acids?
Nope. some are di- or tri- | gluten is whole/partly digested, displayed = Coeliac disease
28
when you're growing, how is your nitrogen balance?
positive
29
what is the carrier effect in metabolism?
You lose 60 g of gut enzymes including essential amino acids. Need to eat the essential AAs to survive
30
What is Pellagra?
Niacin deficiency from lack of tryptophan (niacin precursor)
31
How does Pellagra usually occur?
Only eating corn
32
4 Ds in Pellagra?
dermatitis diarrhoea dementia death
33
Legumes fixes nitrogen how?
bacteria in nodules
34
Toast is sweeter because of
Maillard reactions
35
What aminoacid is a nitrogen sink?
glutamate
36
what happens to carbons from protein turnover?
metabolic fuel
37
what happens to nitrogen from protein turnover?
waste: urea
38
What is Alanine cycle?
continuous: muscles carry excess nitrogen to liver/kidneys and back
39
how much urea do we excrete per day?
30grams
40
Gout is due to? cause? exacerbations?
uric acid crystals Genetic alcohol/beer
41
How to treat gout?
allopurinol | or antiinflammatories
42
tryptophan supplements?
Nope. can cause eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
43
Protein supplements and exercise?
No clear benefit

Jason's Metabolism Block (17 decks)

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