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Jason's Metabolism Block > Fats & Proteins > Flashcards

Fats & Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

where do you get components for collagen and enzymes?

A

protein in diet

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2
Q

fat, carb or protein digestion most complicated?

A

protein

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3
Q

branched chain amino acids for sports performance?

A

nope.

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4
Q

what is major waste product for proteins?

A

Nitrogen, into urea

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5
Q

Protein stores located where?

A

proteins not stored

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6
Q

What happens to broken down amino acids?

A

stripped of carbon for fuel

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7
Q

water needed to break down carbs? fats?

A

Needed for carbs, not fats

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8
Q

How much energy per gram of fat? compared to carbs/proteins?

A

37kj/g

17kj/g

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9
Q

brain can’t use what energy source? use what instead when glucose runs out?

A

can’t use fats

can use ketones

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10
Q

Trans-fat increase your?

A

LDL

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11
Q

what is TAG?

A

triacylglycerol

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12
Q

What happens to triaylglycerol in metabolism?

A

glycerol > glucose via gluconeogensis

3FA > Ketones

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13
Q

Fats in digestion transported how?

A

chylomicrons in lymph bypassing liver

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14
Q

adipocyte is missing?

A

cytoskeleton in order to have more lipid storage

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15
Q

adipocytes make what hormone?

A

Leptin

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16
Q

liver cells with fat inside are spread out and patchy, why?

A

cytoskeleton

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17
Q

What 3 things can’t use fat as fuel?

A

RBCs
Brain
Testes

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18
Q

fatty acids transported in blood via?

A

serum albmin

19
Q

What is Carnitine?

A

transports Fatty acyl-CoA into mitochondria for oxidation. Rate limiting step in B-oidation

20
Q

palmitate makes how many ATP?

A

106 ATP

21
Q

What are acetoacetate, B-hydroxybutyrate and acetone used for?

A

Ketone mixture produced in mitochondria for energy (B-hydroxybutyrate only) Acetone is waste product.

22
Q

too much ketones in blood leads to?

A

ketoacidosis: pH<7, = coma

23
Q

How do you maintain glucose levels in starvation 2 weeks in after all glycogen is gone?

A

Gluconeogenesis using:

  1. amino acids
  2. glycerol from FFA
24
Q

Omega 3 fats do what 3 things in body?

A
  1. Inhibit thromboxane
  2. promoted prostacyclin
  3. inhibit leukotrienes (RA, inflam, etc.)
25
Q

RDA of protein?

A

1g/kg

26
Q

any protein in faeces?

A

very little

27
Q

all proteins absorbed as amino acids?

A

Nope. some are di- or tri-

gluten is whole/partly digested, displayed = Coeliac disease

28
Q

when you’re growing, how is your nitrogen balance?

A

positive

29
Q

what is the carrier effect in metabolism?

A

You lose 60 g of gut enzymes including essential amino acids. Need to eat the essential AAs to survive

30
Q

What is Pellagra?

A

Niacin deficiency from lack of tryptophan (niacin precursor)

31
Q

How does Pellagra usually occur?

A

Only eating corn

32
Q

4 Ds in Pellagra?

A

dermatitis
diarrhoea
dementia
death

33
Q

Legumes fixes nitrogen how?

A

bacteria in nodules

34
Q

Toast is sweeter because of

A

Maillard reactions

35
Q

What aminoacid is a nitrogen sink?

A

glutamate

36
Q

what happens to carbons from protein turnover?

A

metabolic fuel

37
Q

what happens to nitrogen from protein turnover?

A

waste: urea

38
Q

What is Alanine cycle?

A

continuous: muscles carry excess nitrogen to liver/kidneys and back

39
Q

how much urea do we excrete per day?

A

30grams

40
Q

Gout is due to? cause? exacerbations?

A

uric acid crystals
Genetic
alcohol/beer

41
Q

How to treat gout?

A

allopurinol

or antiinflammatories

42
Q

tryptophan supplements?

A

Nope. can cause eosinophilia myalgia syndrome

43
Q

Protein supplements and exercise?

A

No clear benefit

Jason's Metabolism Block (17 decks)

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