Posterior leg

Question 1

Most important ligament in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 1

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (aka spring ligament)-for practical

Question 2

3 parts of the thick septa of crural fascia

Answer 2

Thick septa:

1. anterior
2. lateral
3. posterior

Question 3

What do structures in crural fascia compartments share?

Answer 3

Same general function

Nerve

Artery and vein

Question 4

Superficial posterior group muscles

Answer 4

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

Question 5

Deep posterior group muscles

Answer 5

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior

Question 6

Gastrocnemius: the lateral head may have sesamoid bone close to its proximal attachment called a _____

Answer 6

Fabella (3-5% of people have it)

Clinical significance: possibly provides leverage for lateral head of gastroc, painful fabellar stress fracture may accompany total knee replacement

Question 7

Clinical Anatomy: Plantaris

Answer 7

Long tendon used in reconstructive surgery of hand tendons

Common to rupture during violent ankle movements (sudden dorsiflexion). (common in basketball players, sprinters, ballet dancer)

Question 8

Hallucis

Answer 8

Big toe

Question 9

Pollux

Answer 9

Thumb

Question 10

Posterior compartment innervation:

Answer 10

Tibial nerve

Supplies all posterior compartment muscles

(posterior tibial artery is also in posterior compartment)

Question 11

Clinical Anatomy: Posterior Tibial Artery

Answer 11

Posterior tibial pulse palpation for pulse (on inside foot, posterior surface of medial malleolus, medial border of calcaneal tendon)

Patient inverts foot

By bone on inside of foot/ankle

Question 12

Clinical Anatomy: Posterior Tibial Pulse

Answer 12

Used to examine patients with occlusive peripheral arterial disease (intermittent claudication):

• caused by ischemia of leg muscles due to narrowing or occlusion of leg arteries
• Characterized by leg cramps and pain during walking (disappears after rest)