post ab & common pelv Flashcards
what are the posterior abdominal wall muscles
psoas major and minor, quadrates lumborum, transverses abdominis, iliacus
what is the action of the quadrates lumborum
extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes rib 12 during inspiration
what is the action of the iliacus
flexes thigh at hip. with lower limb fixed, flexes pelvis on thigh
what are the boundaries of the respiratory diaphragm
xiphisternal joint, costal margin, body of TV12
wat are the 3 peripheral origins that insert on the central tendon of the respiratory diaphragm
sternal, costal, lumbar
where do the right and left crus of the respiratory diaphragm meet
aortic hiatus
what is the median arcuate ligament over
aorta
what is the medial arcuate ligament over
psoas major
what is the lateral arcuate ligament over
quadratus lumborum
what is a potential site of hernias in the respiratory diaphragm
vertebrocostal (lumbocostal) triangle
what runs through the sternocostal hiatus
superior epigastric vessel
where does the inferior phrenic artery arise from
celiac trunk or aorta
what is the sensory innervation of the diaphragm
phrenic nerve carries sensory nn from central tendon; intercostal nn carries sensory fibers from peripheral part
what is the prevesical space filled with
endopelvic fat and connective tissue
what is the puboprostatic pigment a condensation of
visceral endopelvic fascia
how do the ureters enter the bladder wall
obliquely
describe the relationship between the ductus defers and the ureter
ductus deferens crosses anterior to the ureter (then ureter goes inferior to the ductus) to enter bladder
what space is the urinary bladder located in
retropubic space
define trigone
internal smooth thickened area defined by the openings of the 2 ureters and the urethra
what is the arterial supply to the superior bladder
superior vesical artery from the obliterated umbilical artery
what is the arterial supply to the inferior and posterior bladder
inferior vesical artery (males) and vaginal or inferior rectal artery (females)
describe the course of the urethra in the female
passes through pelvic diaphragm, external urethral sphincter and perineal membrane
where is the rectum located
between sigmoid colon and anal canal
what forms a sling at the anorectal junction and forms the anorectal angle
puborectalis part of the legator ani muscle
define anorectal line
line joining the tops of the rectal columns
define pectinate line
line joining the inferior ends of the anal valves
what is the main arterior to superior to the pectinate line
superior rectal artery
where do the lymphatics superior to the pectinate line drain to
internal iliac nodes
compare the nerves superior and inferior to the pectinate line
superior are visceral; inferior are somatic
what is the arterial supply inferior to the pectinate line
inferior rectal artery
where does the internal venous plexus inferior to the pectinate line drain
into inferior rectal veins
where do lymphatics inferior to the pectinate line drain
to superficial inguinal lymph nodes
where do the ovarian arteries run
in the suspensory ligament
what do the iliolumbar arteries anastomose with
deep circumflex iliac arteries
where does the pelvic plexus of veins for the pelvis drain
into the internal iliac veins
where do the superior rectal veins empty into
into inferior mesenteric which in turn empties into the portal vein
where do the middle rectal veins empty into
internal iliac veins which empty into the IVC
where do the inferior rectal veins drain into
internal pudendal veins which eventually drain into the internal iliac
what are internal hemorrhoids typically caused by
prolapsed veins and strangulation
what are external hemorrhoids typically caused by
increased abdominal pressure or straining
where do the prostate and uterus primarily drain (lymphatics)
internal iliac nodes
where does the bladder (male) lymphatics typically drain
external iliac nodes
where do the male lymphatics of the perineal structures drain primarily
to superficial inguinal nodes
describe pain above and plow the pelvic pain line
above: sympathetics. below= parasympathetics
