post ab & common pelv

Question 1

what are the posterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 1

psoas major and minor, quadrates lumborum, transverses abdominis, iliacus

Question 2

what is the action of the quadrates lumborum

Answer 2

extends and laterally flexes vertebral column; fixes rib 12 during inspiration

Question 3

what is the action of the iliacus

Answer 3

flexes thigh at hip. with lower limb fixed, flexes pelvis on thigh

Question 4

what are the boundaries of the respiratory diaphragm

Answer 4

xiphisternal joint, costal margin, body of TV12

Question 5

wat are the 3 peripheral origins that insert on the central tendon of the respiratory diaphragm

Answer 5

sternal, costal, lumbar

Question 6

where do the right and left crus of the respiratory diaphragm meet

Answer 6

aortic hiatus

Question 7

what is the median arcuate ligament over

Answer 7

aorta

Question 8

what is the medial arcuate ligament over

Answer 8

psoas major

Question 9

what is the lateral arcuate ligament over

Answer 9

quadratus lumborum

Question 10

what is a potential site of hernias in the respiratory diaphragm

Answer 10

vertebrocostal (lumbocostal) triangle

Question 11

what runs through the sternocostal hiatus

Answer 11

superior epigastric vessel

Question 12

where does the inferior phrenic artery arise from

Answer 12

celiac trunk or aorta

Question 13

what is the sensory innervation of the diaphragm

Answer 13

phrenic nerve carries sensory nn from central tendon; intercostal nn carries sensory fibers from peripheral part

Question 14

what is the prevesical space filled with

Answer 14

endopelvic fat and connective tissue

Question 15

what is the puboprostatic pigment a condensation of

Answer 15

visceral endopelvic fascia

Question 16

how do the ureters enter the bladder wall

Answer 16

obliquely

Question 17

describe the relationship between the ductus defers and the ureter

Answer 17

ductus deferens crosses anterior to the ureter (then ureter goes inferior to the ductus) to enter bladder

Question 18

what space is the urinary bladder located in

Answer 18

retropubic space

Question 19

define trigone

Answer 19

internal smooth thickened area defined by the openings of the 2 ureters and the urethra

Question 20

what is the arterial supply to the superior bladder

Answer 20

superior vesical artery from the obliterated umbilical artery

Question 21

what is the arterial supply to the inferior and posterior bladder

Answer 21

inferior vesical artery (males) and vaginal or inferior rectal artery (females)

Question 22

describe the course of the urethra in the female

Answer 22

passes through pelvic diaphragm, external urethral sphincter and perineal membrane

Question 23

where is the rectum located

Answer 23

between sigmoid colon and anal canal

Question 24

what forms a sling at the anorectal junction and forms the anorectal angle

Answer 24

puborectalis part of the legator ani muscle

Question 25

define anorectal line

Answer 25

line joining the tops of the rectal columns

Question 26

define pectinate line

Answer 26

line joining the inferior ends of the anal valves

Question 27

what is the main arterior to superior to the pectinate line

Answer 27

superior rectal artery

Question 28

where do the lymphatics superior to the pectinate line drain to

Answer 28

internal iliac nodes

Question 29

compare the nerves superior and inferior to the pectinate line

Answer 29

superior are visceral; inferior are somatic

Question 30

what is the arterial supply inferior to the pectinate line

Answer 30

inferior rectal artery

Question 31

where does the internal venous plexus inferior to the pectinate line drain

Answer 31

into inferior rectal veins

Question 32

where do lymphatics inferior to the pectinate line drain

Answer 32

to superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 33

where do the ovarian arteries run

Answer 33

in the suspensory ligament

Question 34

what do the iliolumbar arteries anastomose with

Answer 34

deep circumflex iliac arteries

Question 35

where does the pelvic plexus of veins for the pelvis drain

Answer 35

into the internal iliac veins

Question 36

where do the superior rectal veins empty into

Answer 36

into inferior mesenteric which in turn empties into the portal vein

Question 37

where do the middle rectal veins empty into

Answer 37

internal iliac veins which empty into the IVC

Question 38

where do the inferior rectal veins drain into

Answer 38

internal pudendal veins which eventually drain into the internal iliac

Question 39

what are internal hemorrhoids typically caused by

Answer 39

prolapsed veins and strangulation

Question 40

what are external hemorrhoids typically caused by

Answer 40

increased abdominal pressure or straining

Question 41

where do the prostate and uterus primarily drain (lymphatics)

Answer 41

internal iliac nodes

Question 42

where does the bladder (male) lymphatics typically drain

Answer 42

external iliac nodes

Question 43

where do the male lymphatics of the perineal structures drain primarily

Answer 43

to superficial inguinal nodes

Question 44

describe pain above and plow the pelvic pain line

Answer 44

above: sympathetics. below= parasympathetics