cranium

Question 1

what runs through the foramen ovale

Answer 1

maxillary branch of the trigeminal

Question 2

what runs through the foramen spinosum

Answer 2

middle meningeal artery

Question 3

where does the pituitary gland sit

Answer 3

sella turcica

Question 4

what is the horizontally oriented fold of the dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Answer 4

tentorium cerebelli

Question 5

what nerves it in the lateral wall of the vaernous sinus

Answer 5

trochlear

Question 6

what forms CSF

Answer 6

choroid plexus

Question 7

what removes excess CSF from the subarachnoid space

Answer 7

arachnoid granulations

Question 8

what vein drains directly into meninges

Answer 8

emissary vein

Question 9

what brain ventricle is located in the cerebrum

Answer 9

lateral ventricle

Question 10

what embryologic structure do brain ventricles come from

Answer 10

the lumen of the embryonic neural tube

Question 11

how do the lateral ventricles communicate with the 3rd ventricle

Answer 11

interventricular foramen

Question 12

what does CSF flow through to go from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th

Answer 12

mesencephalic aquaduct

Question 13

define astrocytes in reference to the BBB

Answer 13

act as gatekeepers that permit materials to pass to the neurons after leaving the capillaries

Question 14

where is the blood brain barrier reduced in the CNS

Answer 14

choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

Question 15

what are the 4 channels of blood to the brain

Answer 15

vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries

Question 16

what are the primary functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 16

higher intellectual functions, personality, verbal communication; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

Question 17

what are the primary functions of the parietal lobe

Answer 17

sensory interpretation of textures and shapes; understanding speech and formatting words to express thought and emotions

Question 18

what are the primary functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 18

interpretation of auditory and olfactory sensations; storage of auditory and olfactory experiences

Question 19

what are the primary function sod the occipital lobe

Answer 19

conscious perception of visual stimuli; integration of eye-focusing movement; correlation of visual images with previous visual experiences

Question 20

what is the role of the insula

Answer 20

interpretation of taste; memory

Question 21

what are the association areas with the frontal lobe

Answer 21

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, motor speech area (broca’s),

Question 22

what are the association areas with the parietal lober

Answer 22

primarily somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association area, part of wernicke’s area, part of gnostic area

Question 23

what are the association areas with the temporal lobe

Answer 23

primarily auditory and olfactory cortex, auditory and olfactory association areas, part of wernickes and gnostic areas

Question 24

what are the association areas of the occipital lobe

Answer 24

primary visual cortex and visual association areas

Question 25

what is the association area with the insula

Answer 25

primary gustatory cortex

Question 26

define projection tracts

Answer 26

link cerebral cortex to caudal brain region

Question 27

define association tracts

Answer 27

connect different regions of cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

Question 28

define arcuate fibers

Answer 28

connecting neighboring gyri within a single cerebral lobe

Question 29

clusters of gray matter containing neuron cell bodies that lie within masses of white matter is/are the _____

Answer 29

cerebral nuclei

Question 30

define caudate nucleus

Answer 30

C-shaped neurons within stimulate appropriate muscles to coordinate arm and leg movements associated with walking

Question 31

what does the amygdaloid body do

Answer 31

expand region at the tail of the caudate nucleus. participates in the expression and control of moods and emotions

Question 32

what forms the lentiform nucleus

Answer 32

putamen and globus pallidus

Question 33

what does the globes do

Answer 33

inhibits activity of the thalamus

Question 34

what does the putamen do

Answer 34

controls muscular movement at the subconscious level

Question 35

what does the clastrum do

Answer 35

subconscious processing of visual info

Question 36

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved with oxytocin

Answer 36

paraventricular nucleus

Question 37

what regulates body temperature in hypothalamus

Answer 37

preoptic area

Question 38

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved in parasympathetics

Answer 38

anterior nucleus

Question 39

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved with ADH

Answer 39

supraoptic nucleus

Question 40

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved in circadian rhythm

Answer 40

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 41

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved in sympathetics

Answer 41

dorsomedial nucleus in hypothalamus

Question 42

what is, in the hypothalamus, is involved with olfaction and swallowing

Answer 42

mammillary gland

Question 43

what does the tegmentum do

Answer 43

sends involuntary motor commands to the erector spinae to maintain posture

Question 44

what does the sustantia nigra do

Answer 44

inhibitory signals to skeletal muscles

Question 45

what does the tectum do

Answer 45

relay station for visual and auditory sensations, visual reflex center (superior colliculi), auditory reflex centers (inferior colliculi)

Question 46

what is the role of the lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 46

voluntary limb muscles

Question 47

what is the role of the rubrospinal tract

Answer 47

discrete movement; flexors of limbs

Question 48

what is the role of the anterior corticospinal tract

Answer 48

voluntary axial muscles

Question 49

what is the role of the reticulospinal tract

Answer 49

posture

Question 50

what is the role of the tectospinal tract

Answer 50

visual and auditory integration with movement