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anatomy (Woods) > cranium > Flashcards

cranium Flashcards

1
Q

what runs through the foramen ovale

A

maxillary branch of the trigeminal

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2
Q

what runs through the foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery

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3
Q

where does the pituitary gland sit

A

sella turcica

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4
Q

what is the horizontally oriented fold of the dura mater that separates the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum

A

tentorium cerebelli

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5
Q

what nerves it in the lateral wall of the vaernous sinus

A

trochlear

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6
Q

what forms CSF

A

choroid plexus

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7
Q

what removes excess CSF from the subarachnoid space

A

arachnoid granulations

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8
Q

what vein drains directly into meninges

A

emissary vein

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9
Q

what brain ventricle is located in the cerebrum

A

lateral ventricle

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10
Q

what embryologic structure do brain ventricles come from

A

the lumen of the embryonic neural tube

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11
Q

how do the lateral ventricles communicate with the 3rd ventricle

A

interventricular foramen

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12
Q

what does CSF flow through to go from the 3rd ventricle to the 4th

A

mesencephalic aquaduct

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13
Q

define astrocytes in reference to the BBB

A

act as gatekeepers that permit materials to pass to the neurons after leaving the capillaries

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14
Q

where is the blood brain barrier reduced in the CNS

A

choroid plexus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland

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15
Q

what are the 4 channels of blood to the brain

A

vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries

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16
Q

what are the primary functions of the frontal lobe

A

higher intellectual functions, personality, verbal communication; voluntary motor control of skeletal muscles

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17
Q

what are the primary functions of the parietal lobe

A

sensory interpretation of textures and shapes; understanding speech and formatting words to express thought and emotions

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18
Q

what are the primary functions of the temporal lobe

A

interpretation of auditory and olfactory sensations; storage of auditory and olfactory experiences

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19
Q

what are the primary function sod the occipital lobe

A

conscious perception of visual stimuli; integration of eye-focusing movement; correlation of visual images with previous visual experiences

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20
Q

what is the role of the insula

A

interpretation of taste; memory

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21
Q

what are the association areas with the frontal lobe

A

primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, motor speech area (broca’s),

22
Q

what are the association areas with the parietal lober

A

primarily somatosensory cortex, somatosensory association area, part of wernicke’s area, part of gnostic area

23
Q

what are the association areas with the temporal lobe

A

primarily auditory and olfactory cortex, auditory and olfactory association areas, part of wernickes and gnostic areas

24
Q

what are the association areas of the occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex and visual association areas

25
Q

what is the association area with the insula

A

primary gustatory cortex

26
Q

define projection tracts

A

link cerebral cortex to caudal brain region

27
Q

define association tracts

A

connect different regions of cerebral cortex within the same hemisphere

28
Q

define arcuate fibers

A

connecting neighboring gyri within a single cerebral lobe

29
Q

clusters of gray matter containing neuron cell bodies that lie within masses of white matter is/are the _____

A

cerebral nuclei

30
Q

define caudate nucleus

A

C-shaped neurons within stimulate appropriate muscles to coordinate arm and leg movements associated with walking

31
Q

what does the amygdaloid body do

A

expand region at the tail of the caudate nucleus. participates in the expression and control of moods and emotions

32
Q

what forms the lentiform nucleus

A

putamen and globus pallidus

33
Q

what does the globes do

A

inhibits activity of the thalamus

34
Q

what does the putamen do

A

controls muscular movement at the subconscious level

35
Q

what does the clastrum do

A

subconscious processing of visual info

36
Q

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved with oxytocin

A

paraventricular nucleus

37
Q

what regulates body temperature in hypothalamus

A

preoptic area

38
Q

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved in parasympathetics

A

anterior nucleus

39
Q

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved with ADH

A

supraoptic nucleus

40
Q

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved in circadian rhythm

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

41
Q

what nucleus in hypothalamus is involved in sympathetics

A

dorsomedial nucleus in hypothalamus

42
Q

what is, in the hypothalamus, is involved with olfaction and swallowing

A

mammillary gland

43
Q

what does the tegmentum do

A

sends involuntary motor commands to the erector spinae to maintain posture

44
Q

what does the sustantia nigra do

A

inhibitory signals to skeletal muscles

45
Q

what does the tectum do

A

relay station for visual and auditory sensations, visual reflex center (superior colliculi), auditory reflex centers (inferior colliculi)

46
Q

what is the role of the lateral corticospinal tract

A

voluntary limb muscles

47
Q

what is the role of the rubrospinal tract

A

discrete movement; flexors of limbs

48
Q

what is the role of the anterior corticospinal tract

A

voluntary axial muscles

49
Q

what is the role of the reticulospinal tract

A

posture

50
Q

what is the role of the tectospinal tract

A

visual and auditory integration with movement

anatomy (Woods) (19 decks)

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