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anatomy (Woods) > development of pharyngeal arches (S2) > Flashcards

development of pharyngeal arches (S2) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 components of the pharyngeal complex

A

arch, cleft, pouches

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2
Q

what is the mesenchyme that creates the facial skeleton come from

A

neural crest

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3
Q

what do the muscles of the face originate from

A

mesoderm

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4
Q

what do the posterior portions of the neurocranium and basicranium come from

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

what are the anterior portions of the sphenoid and frontal bones derived from

A

neural crest

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6
Q

what does the first pharyngeal arch form

A

maxillary and mandibular prominence

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7
Q

what nerve supplies tissues derived from the first arch

A

trigeminal ganglion

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8
Q

what type of muscles arise from arch one

A

muscles of mastication

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9
Q

what type of muscles arise from arch 2

A

facial expression

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10
Q

what muscle arises from arch 3

A

stylopharyngeus

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11
Q

what structures are formed from the frontonasal prominence

A

forehead, bridge of nose and lateral nasal prominences

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12
Q

what structures are formed from the maxillary prominence

A

cheeks, lateral portion of upper lip

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13
Q

what structures are formed from the medial nasal

A

philtrum of upper lip, crest and tip of nose

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14
Q

what structures are formed from the lateral nasal

A

alae of nose

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15
Q

what structure is formed from the mandibular prominence

A

lower lip

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16
Q

what signal makes sure that the tongue drops down and out of the way and also that it is mobile

A

Tbx22

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17
Q

where are BMPs located and expressed

A

expressed early; superficial location-palatal shelves

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18
Q

what mutation can lead to ankyloglossia

A

mutation of TBX22

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19
Q

what is median cleft lip due to

A

incomplete merging of the 2 medial nasal prominences

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20
Q

what does a complete cleft palate involve

A

cleft of the palate and alveolus

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21
Q

what type of communication occurs as a result of a complete cleft palate

A

open communication between oral and nasal cavities

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22
Q

what occurs when there is a bilateral cleft palate

A

the pre maxilla is unattached, allowing it to grow forwards

23
Q

define macrostomia

A

hypoplasia or incomplete fusion of maxillary and mandibular prominences. typically results in abnormally large mouth

24
Q

what are some class arch 1 abnormalities

A

treacher-collins syndrome and pierre robin syndrome

25
Q

describe the phenotype associated with treacher-collins syndrome

A

downward-slanting eyes, small mandible and malformed/absent ears, autosomal dominant (chromosome 5)

26
Q

describe characteristics of pierre robin sequence

A

micro/retrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. more specifically is problem with mandible

27
Q

what does the posterior part of arch 2 differentiate into

A

stapes and styloid process of temporal bone

28
Q

what does the anterior portion of arch 2 differentiate into

A

lesser horns (cornu) and the superior portion of hyoid bone)

29
Q

where does the stylohyoid ligament form

A

in between the anterior and posterior portions of the second arch

30
Q

what are the skeletal elements of the 3rd arch

A

greater horn (cornu) and inferior portion of hyoid bone

31
Q

where does the epiglottis come from

A

laryngeotracheal diverticulum

32
Q

what does aortic arch 1 contribute to

A

maxillary arteries

33
Q

what does aortic arch 2 contribute to

A

produce stapedial and hyoid arteries

34
Q

what does aortic arch 3 contribute to

A

common carotid arteries and proximal portion of internal carotid arteries

35
Q

what is derived from the 1st pharyngeal cleft

A

external auditory meatus

36
Q

what is derived from the 1st pharyngeal pouch

A

middle ear, auditory tube

37
Q

what is derived from the 2nd pharyngeal pouch

A

supra-tonsillar fossa, palatine tonsils

38
Q

what is derived from the 3rd pharyngeal pouch

A

thymus, parathyroid gland

39
Q

what is derived from the 4th pharyngeal pouch

A

ultimobranch. body

40
Q

what can remnants of the pharyngeal clefts 2-4 appear as

A

cervical cysts or fistulas along anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

41
Q

what is located between the first pouch and cleft

A

tympanic membrane

42
Q

what is digeorge syndrome characterized by

A

hypoparathyroidism which results in hypocalcemia, hypo plastic or absent thymus, conotruncal heart defects, cleft lip and/or palate

43
Q

what does the anterior part of the tongue arise from

A

1st arch that is formed from 3 masses

44
Q

what 3 masses form the anterior part of the tongue

A

2 lateral lingual swellings and the tuberculum impar

45
Q

what does the base of the tongue develop from

A

3rd arch

46
Q

what is the site called where the base and the body of the tongue come together

A

sulcus terminalis

47
Q

what provides sensory innervation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

lingual nerve, branch of trigeminal nerve, CN V

48
Q

what innervates the taste buds of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

facial nerve, CN VII (chorda tympani)

49
Q

what does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue arise from

A

hypopharyngeal eminence

50
Q

what provides sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal nerve, CN IX

51
Q

what does thyroid gland arise from

A

midline thyroid diverticulum

52
Q

what is the site of the opening of the thyroglossal duct

A

foramen cecum

53
Q

where is the thyroid diverticulum positioned

A

between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the developing tongue

anatomy (Woods) (19 decks)

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