anatomy intro Flashcards

1
Q

who is considered the father of medicine

A

hippocrates

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2
Q

what did herophilus and erasistratus do?

A

first to describe the relationship between the peripheral and central nervous systems and to promote the idea that there are motor sensory impulses

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3
Q

what did Galen do

A

promoted the idea that blood, not air, ran through vessels

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4
Q

who is the father of anatomical study

A

Vesalius

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5
Q

what are the levels of organization in the human body

A

chemical->cellular level-> tissue level-> organ level-> organ system level-> organismal level

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6
Q

what are the 11 organ systems?

A
integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive
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7
Q

what does the integumentary system do?

A

provides protection: regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesis of Vitamin D, prevents water loss

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8
Q

what does the skeletal system do.

A

provides support and protection: site of hematopoeisis, stores calcium and phosphorus, allow for body movement

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9
Q

what does the muscular system do

A

produces body movement: generates heat when muscles contract, storage of protein

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10
Q

what does the nervous system do>

A

regulatory system that controls body movement: responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body, also responsible for consciousness/intelligence/memory

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11
Q

what does the endocrine system do

A

consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate: body growth, chemical levels in the body, reproductive functions

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12
Q

what does the lymphathic system do

A

transports and filters lymph: initiates an immune response when necessary

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13
Q

what does the respiratory system do

A

responsible for exchange of gas between blood and the air in the lungs

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14
Q

what does the digestive system do

A

mechanically and chemically digests food materials: absorbs nutrients, expels waste products

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15
Q

what does the urinary system do

A

filters blood and removes waste products from the blood: concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body

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16
Q

what does the axial region include

A

head, next, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body

17
Q

what does the appendicular region include

A

our limbs/appendages that attach to the body’s axis

18
Q

how does a coronal plane divide the body?

A

front and back

19
Q

how does a transverse plane divide the body?

A

top and bottom

20
Q

how does a sagittal plane divide the body

A

left and right

21
Q

what does a parietal layer do

A

lines the internal surface of the body wall

22
Q

what does a visceral layer do

A

covers the external surface of organs within the cavity

23
Q

what are the 2 layers of the serous membrane

A

parietal and visceral

24
Q

what causes friction

A

constant movement of the organs

25
what does serous fluid do
reduces friction and helps the organs move smoothly against both one another and the body wall
26
what is the mediastinum and what does it contain
the median space in the thoracic cavity | it contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart
27
what is the pleural cavity
narrow, moist, potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura
28
what is the peritoneum
moist, 2-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity