anatomy intro Flashcards
who is considered the father of medicine
hippocrates
what did herophilus and erasistratus do?
first to describe the relationship between the peripheral and central nervous systems and to promote the idea that there are motor sensory impulses
what did Galen do
promoted the idea that blood, not air, ran through vessels
who is the father of anatomical study
Vesalius
what are the levels of organization in the human body
chemical->cellular level-> tissue level-> organ level-> organ system level-> organismal level
what are the 11 organ systems?
integumentary skeletal muscular nervous endocrine cardiovascular lymphatic respiratory digestive urinary reproductive
what does the integumentary system do?
provides protection: regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesis of Vitamin D, prevents water loss
what does the skeletal system do.
provides support and protection: site of hematopoeisis, stores calcium and phosphorus, allow for body movement
what does the muscular system do
produces body movement: generates heat when muscles contract, storage of protein
what does the nervous system do>
regulatory system that controls body movement: responds to sensory stimuli, helps control all other systems of the body, also responsible for consciousness/intelligence/memory
what does the endocrine system do
consists of glands and cell clusters that secrete hormones, some of which regulate: body growth, chemical levels in the body, reproductive functions
what does the lymphathic system do
transports and filters lymph: initiates an immune response when necessary
what does the respiratory system do
responsible for exchange of gas between blood and the air in the lungs
what does the digestive system do
mechanically and chemically digests food materials: absorbs nutrients, expels waste products
what does the urinary system do
filters blood and removes waste products from the blood: concentrates waste products in the form of urine, and expels urine from the body
what does the axial region include
head, next, and trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of our body
what does the appendicular region include
our limbs/appendages that attach to the body’s axis
how does a coronal plane divide the body?
front and back
how does a transverse plane divide the body?
top and bottom
how does a sagittal plane divide the body
left and right
what does a parietal layer do
lines the internal surface of the body wall
what does a visceral layer do
covers the external surface of organs within the cavity
what are the 2 layers of the serous membrane
parietal and visceral
what causes friction
constant movement of the organs
what does serous fluid do
reduces friction and helps the organs move smoothly against both one another and the body wall
what is the mediastinum and what does it contain
the median space in the thoracic cavity
it contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels that connect to the heart
what is the pleural cavity
narrow, moist, potential space between the parietal and visceral pleura
what is the peritoneum
moist, 2-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity
