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Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

Which are the IGPs of Portugal?

A

There are fourteen IGPs in Portugal: Minho, Transmontano, Duriense, Terras do Dão, Terras de Cister, Terras da Beira, Beira Atlântico, Tejo, Lisboa, Alentejano, Península de Setúbal, Algarve, Terras Madeirenses, and Açores

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2
Q

Portuguese Wine Classifications?

A

Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP) or Indicação Geogràfica Protegida (IGP). DOP is the superior classification and it includes all Denominação de Origem Controlada (DOC) wines. There are currently 31 DOPs.
The lower, or less stringent, tier of quality wines in Portugal is the Indicação Geogràfica (IG), or wines with “geographical indication”. These wines are considered IGP for the purposes of EU protection, or Vinhos Regional (VR) if traditionally labeled within Portugal. All wines in this category must include a minimum 85% of grapes grown in the stated region.

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3
Q

If produced as vintage-dated DOP or IGP, Portuguese table wines may be labeled as?

A

garrafeira

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4
Q

Tinto (red) garrafeira wines must age for ?
Branco (white) and rosado garrafeira wines must age for?
For traditional method sparkling wines, reserva instead indicates a minimum period of?
Colheita Seleccionada indicates a minimum?

A

30 months, including at least 12 months in bottle
12 months with at least 6 in bottle
12 months on the lees prior to dégorgement
1% higher alcohol content than that established by the regional appellation

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5
Q

Which was the most planted red grape variety of Portugal until recently and its synonym?

A

Castelão
“Periquita” moniker

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6
Q

Touriga Nacional synonyms?

A

Bical Tinto and Mortágua Preto

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7
Q

Which is the most planted white grape in Portugal and its synonym?

A

Fernão Pires, known as Maria Gomes in Bairrada, is the most planted white casta in the country

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8
Q

Arinto, one of Portugal’s oldest indigenous varieties, produces lively, mineral-tinged whites and is grown throughout the country, although its most striking examples issue from the coastal regions?

A

Bucelas

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9
Q

Sercial synonym?

A

Esgana Cão—the “dog strangler”

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10
Q

Vinho Verde DOP traditional training method?

A

Traditionally, vines in the region have been trained high off the ground in a system called enforcado

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11
Q

Which is the largest DOP of Portugal?

A

Vinho Verde and represents 15% of the nation’s total vineyard acreage, producing red, white, and rosado wines

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12
Q

Vinho Verde’s soils?

A

granite

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13
Q

Vinho Verde’s grapes?

A

Loureiro is the region’s most heavily planted white grape and the primary component of traditional Vinho Verde blends. Other white grapes include Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and the Spanish Albariño. Known as Alvarinho in Portugal.
Red and rosado wines, produced from grapes like Vinhão, Espadeiro, Borraçal, and Alvarelhão

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14
Q

Name the subzones of Vinho Verde

A

Monção e Melgaço, Lima, Cávado, Basto, Ave, Amarante, Sousa, Baião, Paiva

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15
Q

Which is the DOP of Trasmontano?

A

Trás-os-Montes DOP

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16
Q

Name the subregions of Trás-os-Montes DOP

A

Chaves, Valpaços, and Planalto Mirandés

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17
Q

Name the grape varieties of Trás-os-Montes DOP

A

Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau), Touriga Francesa and Trincadeira. Fernão Pires, Síria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina and Rabigato are the most planted white grapes

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18
Q

Name the IGP and DOPs of Douro

A

Duriense IGP
It includes the DOPs of Douro and Porto

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19
Q

Name the subzones of Douro

A

Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior

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20
Q

Name the mountain range of Douro

A

Serra du Marão

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21
Q

Soils of DOuro?

A

schist and granite

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22
Q

Port production accounts for?

A

50% of production

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23
Q

Douro table wines may be?

A

red, white, or rosado

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24
Q

Name the grape varieties of Douro

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cão, and Tinta Barroca
White varieties include Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, and Gouveio
Moscatel Galego

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25
Q

In the Douro, reserva wines must achieve a minimum alcohol of
White reserva wines must be aged for

A

11.5% or 12% for white and rosado wines or red wines, respectively, instead of the standard minimum 10.5% (white/rosado) or 11% (red) for the appellation six months; red reserva wines must be aged for one year

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26
Q

Regulatory body of Douro?

A

The IVDP must certify all Douro wines

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27
Q

all Port wines were required by law to be aged and shipped from Vila Nova de Gaia until?

A

1986

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28
Q

Barca Velha was launched?

A

1952
Casa Ferreirinha, a house now under the ownership of Sogrape
Fernando Nicolau de Almeida, who worked at
the time as a winemaker at Ferreira Port
Tinta Roriz blend

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29
Q

Phylloxera hit Portugal in?

A

1867

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30
Q

Who was the monarch of Portugal and when?

A

The 40-year rule of prime minister Antonio de Oliviera Salazar, from 1932, also did little to promote
quality wine production

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31
Q

Two incredibly successful brands were launched in the 1950s and 60s?

A

Mateus Rosé in 1942 and Lancers Rosé in 1944

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32
Q

Portugal entered the EU when?

A

1986

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33
Q

Terras do Dão IGP encompasses which DOPs?

A

Dão DOP and Lafões DOP

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34
Q

Bairrada DOP is located within?

A

Beira Atlantico

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35
Q

Name Beira Atlântico’s subzone

A

Terras do Sicó

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36
Q

Távora-Varosa DOP is famous for?

A

sparkling wines

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37
Q

Name the subzones of Dão

A

Alva, Besteiros, Castendo, Serra da Estrela, Silgueiros, Terras da Azurara, Terras de Senhorím

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38
Q

Dão’s soils?

A

granite

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39
Q

a larger appellation near the Spanish border, within the Terras da Beira IGP is called?

A

Beira Interior DOP

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40
Q

Beira Interior contains three subzones?

A

Beira Castelo Rodrigo, Cova da Beira, and Pinhel

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41
Q

Name the grape varieties of Dao

A

Dão wines may be red, white, rosado or espumante
Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Touriga Franca, Alfrocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Trincadeira, and Tinta Cão. Recommended white grapes include (but are not limited to) Encruzado, Bical, and Cercial

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42
Q

Dão producers may label their wines as garrafeira according to the standard aging regimen, but the minimum abv is increased to?

A

11.5% (from 11%).

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43
Q

Red wines may be labeled as reserva with ?
whites must be aged for?
Red nobre wines must contain a minimum of?
Red nobre wines must undergo a minimum?
White nobre wines must contain a minimum?

A

two years ageing
six months only
15% Touriga Nacional and at most 85% of combined Jaen, Rufete, Alfrocheiro, and Aragonez.
three years aging prior to release and contain a minimum 13% alcohol
15% Encruzado and a maximum 85% of Cercial, Bical, Malvasia Fina, and Verdelho. They undergo one year of aging prior to release and must contain a minimum 12% alcohol

With additional aging and an extra half-degree of minimum alcohol, nobre wines may also be labeled as reserva or garrafeira. Nobre reserva reds are aged for 42 months; white nobre reserva wines are aged for one year. Red nobre garrafeira wines require 48 months aging, including 18 months in the bottle, whereas white nobre garrafeira wines require 18 months total aging, with nine in the bottle.

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44
Q

Bairrada predominantly produces?

A

red wines, although white and rosado wines are authorized
The late-ripening, notoriously astringent Baga, the main red grape of the region, thrives in the barros (clay) soils, whereas white grapes, including Maria Gomes and Arinto, are usually planted in sandier soils
Red wines are typically blends, featuring a min of 50% Baga along with grapes such as the native Touriga Nacional, Camarate, Castelão, Jaen, and Alfrocheiro

45
Q

to label their wines as Bairrada Clássico?

A

a minimum 12.5% abv in the case of Tinto or 12% abs for Branco, rather than the 11% required by the DOP

46
Q

Name an unofficial subregion of Bairrada

A

In Cantanhede, an unofficial
subregion in the warmer south, limestone-clay soils have attracted particularly intensive
planting of Baga vineyards

47
Q

Brandies are produced in?

A

Bairrada

48
Q

Name the nine DOPs of Lisboa

A

Bucelas, Colares, Carcavelos, Arruda, Torres Vedras, Alenquer, Óbidos, Lourinhã, and Encostas d’Aire

49
Q

Tinta Miúda is?

A

Graciano

50
Q

The three DOPs nearest the capital Lisboa?

A

Bucelas, Colares, and Carcavelos

50
Q

Lourinhã DOP produces mainly?

A

brandy mainly by Adega Cooperative Lourinhã

51
Q

Bucelas produces?

A

dry white wines from a minimum 75% Arinto with the other 25% being Rabo de Ovelha and Sercial

52
Q

Colares DOP is famous for?

A

pre-phylloxera ungrafted vines of Ramisco
min 80%

53
Q

The soils of Colares are called?

A

chao de areia (clay and sand)
second type of soil is called chao rija and produces a red wine with a min of 80% Castelao (periquita)

54
Q

Reds in Colares are matured min?

A

18 months in wood and 3 months bottle

55
Q

Whites in Colares are matured min?

A

6 months in wood and 3 bottle with 80% Malvasia grapes

56
Q

Carcavelos DOP is famous for?

A

sweet white fortified wines with a nutty/almond bouquet from Arinto, Galego Dourado and Ratinho
fortified and sweetened with vinho abafado which arrest fermentation at 18% abv with 100/130grams per ltr sugar
aged in barrel for at least two years, followed by at least six months in bottle
reds from Castelao and Trincadera also produced

57
Q

How many hectares is Carcavelos

A

25ha

58
Q

Both Tejo and Alentejano derive their names from?

A

Tagus, or Tejo, River

59
Q

Which is the DOP of Tejo?

A

DoTejo DOP (formerly Ribatejo)

60
Q

DoTejo DOP subzones?

A

Coruche, Chamusca, Cartaxo, Santarém, Tomar, and Almeirim

61
Q

Tejo’s grape varieties?

A

Castelão and Fernão Pires are the dominant red and white grapes; white wines outnumber reds

62
Q

The Alentejo DOP within Alentejano includes eight subzones

A

Moura, Granja-Amareleja, Évora, Vidigueira, Reguengos, Redondo, Borba, and Portalegre—the latter, located on the cooler, granitic slopes of the São Mamede Mountains in the northernmost sector of the DOP, is the most promising area in the region

63
Q

Alentejo grapes?

A

Red wine production in Alentejo exceeds that of whites, and Trincadeira is the region’s most prominent grape. Plantations of Quercus suber—cork trees—are widespread through the region
Blends of Aragonez, Castelao and Trincadera
whites include Antao Vaz, Arinto and Fernao Pires

64
Q

the southernmost IGP on the Portuguese mainland is?

A

Algarve

65
Q

Name the four DOPs of Algarve

A

Lagos, Lagoa, Portimão, and Tavira—each dominated by a co-operative

66
Q

Grapes of Algarve?

A

Traditional grape varieties in the region include Castelão and Tinta Negra Mole for red wines, and Arinto and Síria for white wines

67
Q

The Península de Setúbal IGP includes the DOP zones of?

A

Setúbal and Palmela

68
Q

Main grape variety of Palmela DOP?

A

Castelão, the region’s premier grape and dominant component of Palmela reds—a minimum 66.7% is stipulated. White wines are typically blended with a high proportion of Fernão Pires and Arinto. Rosado, espumante and licoroso wines are also authorized

69
Q

Setúbal is famous for?

A

The vinhos licorosos
Sweet white and red fortified wines are produced, from a minimum 67% Moscatel de Setúbal (Muscat d’Alexandria) or Moscatel Roxo, respectively. In keeping with EU regulations, the wine may be labeled by variety if either grape comprises a minimum 85% of the blend. The wines have a particularly pungent, floral fragrance, developed through a lengthy maceration on Muscat skins—for up to six months—following the fermentation and fortification. The wines develop a tawny, burnt orange color and raisin spice character while maturing in large wooden casks for up to five years prior to release. Some examples age for upwards of 20 years, unfolding mature molasses and caramel tones while darkening in color
16-22% alc

70
Q

Name the largest producer in Setubal

A

J.M. da Fonseca is the appellation’s largest and most storied producer; in the company’s cellars are stocks of wine dating to the 19th century

71
Q

Arrabida Mountains are located in?

A

Palmela DOP

72
Q

Three of the nine islands in Acores has DOP

A

Pico, Graciosa, and Terceira

73
Q

Which is the fortified white wine produced in Acores?

A

The fortified white wines of Pico DOP are the most highly regarded wines of the archipelago
At least 80% combined Verdelho, Arinto dos Açores, Terrantez do Pico
wines must achieve a minimum 16% abv after fortification, and are aged for a minimum two years in barrel

74
Q

Soils of Acores?

A

volcanic

75
Q

What is Arnsburger?

A

A Riesling crossing developed at Geisenheim
crossing two clones of Riesling, clone 88 and clone 64

76
Q

What is Vinho de Talha?

A

skin contact wines (orange) made in talhas (amphoras) in Alentejo since Roman times

77
Q

Name some top producers from Bairrada

A

Filipa Pato % William Wouter
Quinta das Bágeiras

78
Q

Name some top producers from Dao

A

Vinha Paz and Quinta da Pellada

79
Q

Moscatel de Sétubal is made in both red and white styles?

A

True

80
Q

What is Dorna?

A

A wooden vat used for fermentation

81
Q

Which region is phylloxera-free?

A

Colares

82
Q

What is the major red grape of Alentejo?

A

Trincadeira

83
Q

What species of oak tree is primarily used for cork production?

A

Quercus suber

84
Q

Madeira was first colonized by the Portuguese in the early part of what century?

A

15th

85
Q

Bairrada DOP is located in what IGP?

A

Beira Atlantico

86
Q

What is the minimum lees aging requirement for Vinho Espumante wines from Trás-os-Montes labeled Reserva Velha or Grande Reserva?

A

36 months

87
Q

Which of these recent vintages was generally regarded as the best for Douro reds?

A

2011

88
Q

What is the actual minimum alcohol level for Vinho Verde?

A

8%

89
Q

Sercial and Cercial are two spellings of the same grape variety also known as Esgana Cão.

A

False

90
Q

Which grape is NOT associated with the production of Vinho Verde Tinto?

A

Jaen

91
Q

Batuta is wine produced by?

A

Niepoort
red blend with Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Rufete etc

92
Q

Chryseia is a wine produced from?

A

Prats & Symington
a red blend of 70% Touriga National and 30% Touriga Franca Franca from Quinta de Roriz

93
Q

Assobio is wine produced from?

A

Herdade do Esporao
red Aragonêz,Trincadeira,Cabernet Sauvignon,Alicante Bouschet in Alentejo

94
Q

Pêra-Manca is wine produced from?

A

Cartuxa
red and white
white approx 70% Antao Vaz with 30% Arinto aged in 70% french oak for 1 year
red Aragonês and Trincadeira – whose proportions vary followed by 18 months in 300-500 litre French oak barrels
from Evora

95
Q

Medieval de Ourém, a specialty of Encostas d’Aire DOP, is an example of what traditional style of wine?

A

Vinhos Palhete
Only two grape varieties are used to produce this wine: Fernão Pires for the white must and Trincadeira for the red must
Almost at the end of the fermentations of both musts, the red one (20%), not pressed and with the skins, is poured directly into the wooden barrels where the white must (80%) is fermenting in order to fill up its remaining free capacity and to develop a joint final fermentation of both musts
It is a unique nectar with white wine aromas, that change according to the grapes maturity, but also with red wine aromas, usually mulberries, raspberries and strawberries.

96
Q

What is vinho abafado?

A

partially fermented must preserved with alcohol

97
Q

Selecção and Palhete are special designations for wines in what region?

A

Beira Atlantico

98
Q

Casa de Santar is a producer from?

A

Dao

99
Q

Identify the IGP(s) that the Douro river borders or runs through.

A

Douriense and Beira Atlantico

100
Q

What is the minimum alcohol level for Moscatel de Sétubal?

A

16%

101
Q

The blending of Syrah with native Portuguese grapes is most common in which region?

A

Tejo

102
Q

Traditionally, the red wines of Algarve were blends focused on ?, and the white wines were blends based on?

A

Negra Mole (Tinta Negra)
Síria

103
Q

The four DOCs of Algarve?

A

Portimão, Lagoa, Lagos, and Tavira

104
Q

Portimão DOP styles and grapes?

A

Tinto: Min. 70% combined Castelão, Negra Mole, and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela); plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Monvedro, Syrah, Touriga Nacional
Branco: Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro); plus Manteúdo, Moscatel Graúdo, Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha

105
Q

Lagoa DOP styles and grapes?

A

Tinto: Min. 70% combined Negra Mole and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela); plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Castelão, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moreto, Monvedro, Syrah, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional
Branco: Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro); plus Manteúdo, Moscatel Graúdo, Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha, Sauvignon Blanc

106
Q

Lagos DOP styles and grapes?

A

Tinto: Min. 70% combined Castelão, Negra Mole, and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela); plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Monvedro, Touriga Nacional
Branco: Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã), Malvasia Fina, and Síria (Roupeiro); plus Manteúdo, Moscatel Graúdo, Perrum

107
Q

Tavira DOP styles and grapes?

A

Tinto: Min. 70% combined Castelão, Negra Mole and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela); plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Touriga Nacional
Branco: Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro); plus Diagalves, Manteúdo, Moscatel Graúdo, Tamarez

108
Q

The Vinho de Talha DOC, a special designation for traditionally made talha wines, under the umbrella of?

A

Alentejo DOC, was established in 2011
Talhas are clay pots, historically used by both the Phoenicians and the Romans

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