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Loire Flashcards

1
Q

Which was the main grape in Sancerre prior phylloxera?

A

phylloxera first identified, in 1877
Pinot Noir

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2
Q

Which is the percentage of organic and sustainable vineyards in Loire?

A

About 30% of Loire Valley vineyards are now either sustainably or organically farmed

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3
Q

Many of the best-known Loire appellations were defined in?

A

1936
including Muscadet, Vouvray, Bourgueil, Chinon, and Saumur

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4
Q

The Loire has five IGPs for wine (and one for Calvados), of which the most important by far is?

A

Val de Loire
(The Loire’s other IGPs are Côtes de la Charité, Coteaux de Tannay, Coteaux du Cher et de l’Arnon, and Puy de Dôme)

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5
Q

Val de Loire covers which styles?

A

Reds, whites, and rosés are made under the Val de Loire banner, and almost all are single-variety wines
90h/l permitted

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6
Q

Loire Valley hectares?

A

56,900 hectares of vines, an area larger than the entire Austrian or New Zealand vineyard.

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7
Q

The basis of the soils of Muscadet and other appellations of the Nantais region and the western half of Anjou, including Savennières is known as?

A

Anjou Noir (black Anjou) because of the dark soils that characterize the Armorican Massif. Granite, gneiss, multicolored schist, slate, and pudding stones are found here.

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8
Q

Soils of Anjou and Touraine?

A

The more recent, shallow seas that receded to leave soils based on soft, chalky Cretaceous limestone are easily visible today in the houses, castles, and cellars of the lower Loire

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9
Q

Soils of Central Vineyards?

A

The seas were deeper here, however, and these older soils (from the Jurassic period) are frequently characterized by the presence of tiny fossils. The Kimmeridgian clays found in Sancerre continue to the vineyards of Chablis
Flint in Pouilly Fume and St Andelain

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10
Q

Name the tributaries of Loire River

A

Maine, Sèvre, Vienne, Indre, Allier, Loir, Layon, Thouet, or Cher

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11
Q

Sauvignon Blanc is prone to?

A

powdery mildew
small-berried, tightly packed bunches make it susceptible to botrytis, and wood diseases including Eutypa dieback and esca

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12
Q

Chenin Blanc grows in which regions of Loire?

A

The grape plays a key role in Anjou-Saumur, where its best-known incarnation is in the small but significant appellation of Savennières, and in the eastern slice of the Touraine region, where the Vouvray and Montlouis-sur-Loire appellations champion this versatile variety.

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13
Q

Name the synonims of Chenin Blanc

A

Pineau de la Loire and Pineau d’Anjou

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14
Q

Wines from Auvergne must be?

A

100% Chardonnay

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15
Q

Folle Blanche is also called?

A

Gros Plant

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16
Q

Name an appellation dedicated to Folle Blanche

A

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais

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17
Q

Cour-Cheverny AOC main grape?

A

Romorantin

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18
Q

Chasselas is produced in?

A

Pouilly-sur-Loire

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19
Q

What is Malvoise?

A

semisweet wine in the Coteaux d’Ancenis appellation, east of Nantes from Pinot Gris

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20
Q

Reuilly makes vin gris from?

A

Pinot Gris

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21
Q

Cabernet Franc is known also as?

A

Rabelais was the first to mention the red grape in the Loire, in 1534, under the name of Breton

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22
Q

Where do we found Cabernet Franc?

A

The variety is at home in the Saumur region as well as the western half of Touraine, particularly the appellations of Chinon, Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil, and Bourgueil. There are also plantings on the schist soils of Anjou, where it can be blended with Cabernet Sauvignon. It may also be found in a blend with Côt (Malbec) or Gamay in Touraine.

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23
Q

Which is the second most planted red grape in Loire?

A

Gamay

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24
Q

On its own, Gamay is used to make pale, delicate wines which appellations?

A

Coteaux d’Ancenis appellation, sometimes with a small amount of Cabernet Franc
In Anjou and Touraine, too, some Gamay is vinified alone to make Anjou or Touraine Gamay
In the Côtes d’Auvergne, Gamay and Pinot Noir combine to produce easy-drinking reds and rosés
The Loire’s most exciting Gamay wines come from the appellations where the variety is the only one permitted for reds and rosés: the Côte Roannaise and Côtes du Forez

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25
Q

The major appellations for Pineau d’Aunis are ?

A

Coteaux du Vendômois and Coteaux du Loir, where the grape is used to produce red and rosé wines.

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26
Q

Malbec synonim?

A

Côt

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27
Q

Which is the largest appellation in the Loire?

A

Muscadet

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28
Q

Name the AOCs of Muscadet

A

Muscadet AOC
Muscadet Sèvre-et-Maine
Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
Muscadet Côtes de Grandlieu

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29
Q

Name the other appellations in the Nantais

A

Coteaux d’Ancenis
Gros Plant du Pays Nantais
Fiefs Vendéens

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30
Q

Muscadet AOC allows a 10%

A

Melon B: up to 10% Chardonnay

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31
Q

Soils of Muscadet?

A

a highly complex and varied mixture of igneous and metamorphic rocks, including gneiss, granite, gabbro, amphibolite, mica schist, and many others.

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32
Q

Muscadet yields?

A

70h/l and 55 for the others

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33
Q

Name the crus of Muscadet

A

The first crus—Clisson, Gorges, and Le Pallet—were approved in 2011
A further four—Goulaine, Château Thébaud, Monnières-Saint-Fiacre, and Mouzillon-Tillières in 2019
Vallet, Champtoceaux, La Haye fouassiere
45hl/ha

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34
Q

The crus Goulaine and Le Pallet must stay on lees until?

A

April 1 of the second year following harvest; the other approved crus must age for at least an additional six months, until October 1 of the second year after harvest.

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35
Q

A wine to be labeled sur lie?

A

between March 1 and November 30 of the year following the harvest

it must spend no more than one winter on lees and may not be bottled before March 1 of the year following fermentation, which equates to between 5 and 14 months of aging.

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36
Q

Who is the winemaker of Domaine de l’Ecu?

A

Guy Bossard

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37
Q

Clisson ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

Ample, powerful, concentrated and full-bodied, generally exhibit higher levels of alcohol. Produced from extremely ripe grapes, they require very long maturing, from twenty-four to thirty-six months.

In southern part of the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine appellation. soils of sand and pebbles that offer excellent drainage and low fertility. The subsoil is mostly composed of identical “Clisson granite” parent rock
Domaine de la Pèpiere and CHÉREAU-CARRÉ
are notable producers
Considered the best cru

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38
Q

Gorge ageing requierments, soils and style?

A

The wines of Gorges are characterized by their long, lingering finish. They deliver tension on the palate and aromas of menthol, lemon, smoke and even flint, sometimes with notes of citrus fruit and zest. Somewhat muted when young, the wines of Gorges require long maturing—twenty-four to forty months—to fully reveal their potential.

Gorges is characterized by deep soils of decomposed clay and clay with quartz pebbles with medium to high fertility, beneath which lies a homogenous subsoil mostly composed of gabbro ( cooled lava and can be dark – even green).

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39
Q

Le Pallet ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

The wines of Le Pallet are delightful, generous and elegant, with lovely fruity and mineral notes. Eighteen months of maturing generally suffice to reveal their powerful aromas and impart upon them their characteristic silkiness.

Le Pallet is located at the heart of the Muscadet wine region on the right bank of the Sèvre.

favor shallow, rocky soils with good drainage. The exposure of Le Pallet, with its steep slopes, results in moderate vine vigor with a subsoil composed of gneiss, orthogneiss and mica schist.
Vignerons du Pallet one of the top producers

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40
Q

Goulaine ageing requierements, soils and style?

A

Elegant and harmonious, the wines of Goulaine deliver opulence and balance.
They are matured on lees for twenty to thirty months.
Goulaine systematically the first appellation to harvest due to warm microclimate. Soils run from shallow to moderately deep and are mostly composed of sand, some of which is coarsely grained. The underlying subsoil is primarily siliceous metamorphic rock (gneiss and mica schist).
Luneau-Papin’s ‘Terre de Pierre’ and ‘Excelsior and Bonnet-Huteau Goulaine

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41
Q

Chateau Thebaud ageing requierements, soils and style?

A

The wines of Château-Thébaud evoke vegetal aromas including fennel and licorice and spices like anise. They deliver balance and an elegant tension on the palate with a slightly salty finish. To fully reveal their potential, they require long aging on lees, for thirty-six to forty-eight months.
The subsoil is composed of granodiorite (calco-alkaline granite) and gneiss resulting from this granite

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42
Q

Mouzillon Tilieres ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

One of the two easternmost crus (along with Vallet). Like Gorges, Mouzillon-Tillères abounds in gabbro and clay. Unsurprisingly, wines from here bear some resemblance to those of Gorges

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43
Q

Monierres Saint Fiacre ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

The principal soil type here is clay made of decomposed Gneiss. It imbues the wines with density, and flavors of ripe, candied citrus. Like those of Gorges, these wines can be quite expressive of smoke and rocks, but here the wines are a little flashier and more muscular out of the gate

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44
Q

La Haye Fouassiere ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

The wines of La Haye Fouassière exhibit tension and refinement. They are extremely expressive, with notes of menthol, fruit and flowers and a flinty, mineral character. The grapes from which they are produced reach maturity early on, so they generally reach full expression after only eighteen months of maturing on lees, a significantly shorter period than required by neighboring crus.
Situated on the right bank of the Sèvre, La Haye Fouassière is the westernmost cru communal of the Muscadet Sèvre et Maine appellation
mostly orthogneiss soils

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45
Q

Vallet ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

Vallet’s wines are rich and elegant, with a highly expressive nose of fruit and flowers. They are matured for more than eighteen months.
Vallet is located in the eastern and northeastern part of the region. Located inland, it enjoys a microclimate resulting in a very regular—albeit late—growing cycle
The subsoil is primarily composed of metamorphic rock (mica schist). Gabbro with granite inclusion is also present

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46
Q

Champtoceaux ageing requirements, soils and style?

A

The wines of Champtoceaux are velvety, even silky, with dense texture and an intense, complex nose. Younger vintages deliver notes of orange blossom and fresh fruit like citrus fruit and peach while older vintages develop notes of spice and aromatic herbs (thyme, sage, licorice) as well as of pastry
These wines are matured on lees for a minimum of seventeen months.
Champtoceaux is the youngest cru communal, and the only one to be located in Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire
sedimentary basins primarily composed of mica schist with some gneiss, leptynite, amphibolite and schist.

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47
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOC produces?

A

Semisweet Pinot Gris, locally known as Malvoisie, with 20 to 40 grams per liter of residual sugar. Most is consumed within the region. Reds and rosés are typically 100% Gamay but may contain a small proportion of Cabernet Franc. These are light, dry, and refreshing wines that reflect the cool and mild oceanic climate

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48
Q

Gros Plant du Pays Nantais AOC produces?

A

A former Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS) whites-only denomination for dry wines from the Folle Blanche (meaning “crazy white”) grape, less evocatively known as Gros Plant (meaning “big plant”).
75 hl/ha
The wines are mild in aroma and flavor, and they are characterized by their uniformly high acidity. Gros Plant may be aged on lees for a few months in a similar fashion to Muscadet sur lie. Most wines are 100% Folle Blanche but may include up to 10% Colombard

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49
Q

The most oceanic of the Loire’s vineyards is the coastal region of?

A

Fiefs Vendéens AOC

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50
Q

Name the sub-zones of Fiefs Vendéens AOC

A

Brem, Chantonnay, Mareuil, Pissotte, Vix

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51
Q

Fiefs Vendéens produces?

A

All wines must be blends. Reds and rosés, produced in similar quantities, account for more than 80% of the appellation’s wines.
Rosés are blends of Pinot Noir and Gamay; reds are from Pinot Noir or Cabernet Franc blended with Négrette, the variety native to southwestern France.
Whites are blends of a majority of Chenin Blanc with Chardonnay.

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52
Q

Which region is the largest for both production and area under vine in Loire?

A

Anjou-Saumur

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53
Q

Anjou-Saumur grape varieties?

A

Chenin Blanc dominates for white and sparkling wines, while Cabernet Franc is the primary grape for reds and rosés. Supporting varieties include Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Grolleau, and Pineau d’Aunis.

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54
Q

A distinction is made between the Anjou Noir and the Anjou Blanc, reflecting the visible difference between the soils of?

A

Darker, black rocks of volcanic origin and the pale, chalky limestone.

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55
Q

The region with the lowest rainfall of all the growing regions of the Loire?

A

Anjou-Saumur

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56
Q

which are responsible for creating conditions favorable to making the sweet wines of Anjou?

A

The Loire and several other rivers contribute to the climate and styles of wine, notably the Layon and Aubance tributaries.

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57
Q

Name the rose styles of Anjou

A

Cabernet d’Anjou
Rosé d’Anjou
Rosé de Loire

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58
Q

The rosé-focused Cabernet d’Anjou AOC accounts for?

A

45% of the Anjou-Saumur region’s volume and Rosé d’Anjou AOC a further 17%

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59
Q

Cabernet d’Anjou AOC requirements?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc, and any combination or single-varietal expression of the grapes can be used to make this semisweet rosé.
Minimum of 10 grams per liter of residual sugar, but there is no upper limit, and they are typically sweeter than this.
60hl/ha

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60
Q

Rosé d’Anjou AOC requirements?

A

Grolleau, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d’Aunis, Gamay, and Côt.
minimum residual sugar content of 7 grams per liter
off-dry in style
60hl/ha

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61
Q

Rosé de Loire requirements?

A

An additional category of rosé wine covers approximately 730 hectares spread across the Anjou-Saumur and Touraine regions. Rosé de Loire is made from the same range of grapes as Cabernet d’Anjou and Rosé d’Anjou, but it is always dry, with a maximum permitted residual sugar of 3 grams per liter. There is no requirement to state the sweetness level on any of these wines.
60hl/ha
Rosé de Loire may include the geographical designation “Val de Loire” on the label.

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62
Q

Anjou produces mainly?

A

Around 60% of the generic Anjou appellation’s production is Anjou Rouge, made from Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, max 30% Pineau d’Aunis, and Grolleau. Wines labeled Anjou Gamay must be 100% from the variety.

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63
Q

Anjou Blanc is comprised of?

A

Chenin Blanc, plus max. 20% combined Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

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64
Q

Mousseux Blanc and Rose in Anjou?

A

Vin Mousseux Blanc: Min. 70% Chenin Blanc, plus Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pineau d’Aunis, Gamay, and max. 20% Chardonnay (traditional method, min. 9 months on lees)

Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pineau d’Aunis (traditional method, min. 9 months on lees)

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65
Q

Anjou Brissac and Anjou-Villages produce?

A

Red wines only, made from Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon
50hl/ha for Brissac
55hl/ha for Village

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66
Q

Name the sweet wine AOCs of Anjou

A

Coteaux du Layon
Coteaux du Layon Villages
Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume
Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru
Bonnezeaux
Coteaux de l’Aubance
Coteaux de Saumur

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67
Q

Coteaux de Saumur requierements?

A

100% Chenin Blanc
Minimum Alcohol: 15%
Chaptalization is prohibited.
Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/l
max yield 35hl/ha and grapes must be hand-picked

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68
Q

Coteaux de l’Aubance requierements?

A

100% Chenin Blanc
Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN)
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 14%
Chaptalization is legal
Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/l and hand picked
35 hl/ha
Élevage:
Blanc may not be released until March 1 of the year following the harvest
SGN wines may not be released until June 15 of the second year following the harvest.

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69
Q

Bonnezeaux requierements?

A

100% Chenin Blanc
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 15%
chaptalization is legal
Minimum Residual Sugar: 51 g/l
25 hl/ha
Grapes may be affected by botrytis and must be harvested by hand in successive tries
Élevage: Wines may not be released until April 1 of the year following the harvest

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70
Q

Coteaux du Layon requierements?

A

Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN): botrytis-affected grapes
Coteaux du Layon: 14%
34 g/l
All grapes destined for the production of Coteaux du Layon & its communal designations must be hand harvested in successive tries.
35 hl/ha

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71
Q

Name the villages of Coteaux du Layon

A

Beaulieu-sur-Layon, Faye-d’Anjou, Rablay-sur-Layon, Rochefort-sur-Loire, Saint-Aubin-de-Luigné, and Saint-Lambert-du-Lattay

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72
Q

Coteaux du Layon Village requierements?

A

min alc 15%
30 hl/ha
54 g/l

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73
Q

Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume requierements?

A

Coteaux du Layon Chaume Premier Cru: 16.5%
80 g/l
Chaptalization is not allowed for Chaume Premier Cru and SGN wines
hand picked
25 hl/ha
Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest

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74
Q

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru requirements?

A

20 hl/ha
Minimum Potential Alcohol: 18%
Chaptalization is prohibited
hand picked
85 g/l
Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest

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75
Q

Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru soils?

A

complex soils that include Broverian schists and pudding sandstones

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76
Q

Name some top producers and wines from Quarts de Chaume?

A

Domaine Belargus Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru Ultra
Domaine de Baumard
Chateau Bellerive
Domaine Jo Pithon
Domaine des Forges

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77
Q

Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume is a superior 70-hectare appellation within which commune?

A

the commune of Rochefort-sur-Loire

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78
Q

Chenin Black is known as?

A

Pineau de la Loire

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79
Q

Name the lieux-dits of Quarts de Chaume Grand Cru

A

Les Roueres, Le Veau and Les Quarts

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80
Q

Who is Jo Pithon?

A

Jo Pithon is a pioneer of organic farming in the Loire Valley’s Anjou region. The grandson of a wine grower, Jo started his career in 1978 at St Lambert du Lattay when he launched his first Domaine at only 22 years old. Named grower of the year by the esteemed “Revue des Vins de France” magazine, Pithon champions dry whites from single vineyards across Anjou. Jo decided to sell his Domaine to Ivan Massonnat in 2017 with a look towards both retirement and keeping his vision alive. He remains as a key consultant and together with the incredible team at Domaine Belargus, the sister winery, the quality of the wines have reached new heights.

81
Q

Name the monopole of Belargus

A

Coteau de Treilles

82
Q

Name the top vintages for sweet wines of Loire

A

2016
2015
2010
2009
2005

83
Q

Who is the producer of “Clos du Papillon?

A

Domaine Baumard

84
Q

Vouvray and Montlouis-sur-Loire are separated by the?

A

Loire River

85
Q

Coteaux d’Ancenis AOP produces which styles?

A

whites
reds
roses
off dry whites

86
Q

What is the red grape of Reuilly AOP?

A

Pinot Noir

87
Q

How would Vouvray with 35 g/l of residual sugar be labeled?

A

Moulleux

88
Q

Soils of Savennieres?

A

The soils are very shallow, and the vines are never far from the rocks below. These include a wide variety of schists and volcanic rock; there are also patches of windblown sand and clay. This is Anjou Noir terrain located southwest of Angers. Yields are naturally low, and the combination of terroir and grape yields austere wines with intense texture and minerality

89
Q

Savennieres produces which styles?

A

While Savennières AOC focuses on dry wines, demi-sec and sweet wines are also permitted.

90
Q

Name the appellations of Savennieres

A

The tiny twin jewels of Savennières Roche aux Moines (33 hectares) and Coulée de Serrant (7 hectares), each of which is a separate appellation island within Savennières.

91
Q

Savennieres yields?

A

50hl/ha general
30 hectoliters per hectare for Coulée de Serrant and 35 for Roche aux Moines
hand harvested only

92
Q

La Roche aux Moines dates back since?

A

Winegrowing was recorded here as early as the 12th century, when monks from the order of Saint-Nicolas d’Angers planted a south-facing slope overlooking the Loire that became known as La Roche aux Moines

93
Q

Coulée de Serrant can trace its origins back to?

A

1130, when vines were planted by Cistercian monks
a monopole vineyard, owned by the biodynamic zealot Nicolas Joly, who makes a very ripe style of wine, often with botrytis and residual sugar.
7 ha (Coulée de Serrant is divided into three distinct sections, the Grand Clos de la Coulée, the Clos du Château, and Les Plantes)

93
Q

Name the second wine of Nicolas Joly

A

Clos de la Bergerie

94
Q

Savennieres lies in which department?

A

Maine-et-Loire

95
Q

Name the rivers of Savennieres

A

Loire but also the Vienne, the Sèvre Nantaise (to give it its proper title), the Maine and the Cher

96
Q

Who is the largest producer of Savennières Roche-aux-Moines?

A

By far the largest part – perhaps a quarter – is in the hands of Tessa Laroche of the appropriately named Domaine aux Moines.

97
Q

What does La Roche aux Moines means?

A

The Monk’s Rock

98
Q

Name some top producers from Savennieres La Roche aux Moines

A

Domaine aux Moines
Damien Laureau

99
Q

Name some top producers and wines from Savennieres

A

Eric Morgat
Thibault Boudignon (Clos de la Hutte)
Domaine de Baumard
Domaine du Closel (Clos du Papillon and la jalousie)
Damien Laureau
Belargus
Chateau d’Epire
Dom de la Bergerie (La Croix Picot)

100
Q

Which is the sub-region of Saumur?

A

Puy Notre-Dame

101
Q

Which are the AOCs of Saumur?

A

Saumur AOC
Saumur Puy-Notre-Dame
Saumur-Champigny
Haut-Poitou

102
Q

Saumur soils?

A

chalky limestone soils characteristic of the Anjou Blanc
known as tuffeau

103
Q

All the Saumur vineyards are situated south of which river?

A

Loire

104
Q

Saumur produces which styles?

A

Styles of Saumur wine include reds and rosés made predominantly from Cabernet Franc, whites from Chenin Blanc, and sparkling wines, which account for more than 60% of production

Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rouge & Rosé: Cabernet Franc, plus a max. 30% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d’Aunis
Saumur “Puy Notre-Dame”: Cabernet Franc and a max. 15% Cabernet Sauvignon (reds only)
Vin Mousseux Blanc: Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Cab. Franc, Cab. Sauvignon, Gamay, Pinot Noir, Pineau d’Aunis, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris
Vin Mousseux Rosé: As for Vin Mousseux Blanc
Saumur Blanc wines permitted a max. 20% combined Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc up to the 2016 harvest

105
Q

Saumur Mousseux requierements?

A

Vin Mousseux Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc, max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
Vin Mousseux Rosé: Min. 60% Cabernet Franc, max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
also known as Fines Bulles
9 months on the lees

106
Q

Yields of Saumur?

A

Blanc: 60 hl/ha
Rouge/Rosé: 57 hl/ha
Saumur “Puy Notre-Dame”: 50 hl/ha
Vin Mousseux: 67 hl/ha

107
Q

Cremant de Loire requierements?

A

Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay, Orbois, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Pinot Noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pineau d’Aunis
Max. 30% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d’Aunis
traditional method
hand picked
The wines must spend a min. 9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement, and may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage
Min. 4 atmospheres of pressure
max 74 hl/ha

108
Q

Name some top producers for Cremant de Loire

A

Nine large houses account for 80 per cent of the production.2 Important
companies include Ackerman, Bouvet-Ladubay, Gratien & Meyer, Veuve-Amiot and LangloisChateau.

109
Q

What is Prestige de Loire?

A

A new top tier sparkling Loire category, Prestige de Loire, was launched in 2018 (with wines
dating back to 2010) on the initiative of InterLoire. The aim is to establish the wine at a
minimum price of €10 in France. It applies across the Crémant de Loire, Anjou, Saumur and
Vouvray appellations.
The wines must be white only, made from Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Chardonnay
and Pinot Noir, singly or blended. A minimum of 24 months’ ageing on lees is required, the
wines must be vintage-dated and must be in the Brut style (including Brut Nature and Extra Brut). Producers must also achieve a set of environmental standards, aiming at sustainable viticulture, within five years

110
Q

Saumur Puy-Notre-Dame produces?

A

Composed of at least 85% Cabernet Franc, with the balance coming from Cabernet Sauvignon, these wines are deeply colored and more structured than those of Saumur.
These wines have higher concentration: at harvest, the grapes must have potential alcohol levels of 12%, higher than Saumur Rouge’s 10.5%. Yields are also lower (50 hectoliters per hectare versus 57 for Saumur), and the wines cannot be chaptalized. The vines are planted at around 80 meters above sea level.

111
Q

Haut-Poitou produces which styles?

A

Wines may be red, white, or rosé.
More than 80% of production consists of whites from primarily Sauvignon Blanc, with an allowance of up to 40% Sauvignon Gris.
Reds are 60% Cabernet Franc, which may be blended with Gamay, Pinot Noir, and Merlot.
A small amount of rosé is made from Cabernet Franc, Pinot Noir, and Gamay.
Haut-Poitou wines are fruit-driven and intended for early consumption largely within France.
Vineyards planted at 150m altitude

112
Q

Name the rivers of Saumur-Champigny

A

Bordered to the east and west by the rivers Loire and Thouet

113
Q

Soils of Saumur Champigny?

A

The soil is clay and tuffeau limestone, which both provides drainage and retains moisture, creating ideal conditions for the vines to thrive
a type of yellowish metamorphic rock

114
Q

Yields of Saumur-Champigny?

A

57hl/ha

115
Q

Saumur-Champigny produces?

A

reds only
Cabernet Franc must account for at least 85% of a Saumur-Champigny wine and max. 15% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Pineau d’Aunis, but this figure is almost always 100%. These wines are among the most highly regarded in the Loire Valley; the best show the elegance, freshness, fragrance, and finesse that Loire Cabernet Franc can achieve. Highly approachable when young, the wines have generous fruit and supple tannins.

116
Q

Name some top producers from Saumur-Champigny

A

Clos Rougeard
Thierry Germain
Chateau Yvonne
Domaine de Closiers
Sylvain Dittiere
Chateau de Villenueve
Arnaud Lambert
Ch de Hureau
Filliatreau

117
Q

Pineau d’Aunis is also known as?

A

Chenin Noir

118
Q

Saumur Chamigny takes its name?

A

its original Latin name: Campus Ignis (“Field of Fire”).

119
Q

Name a Grand Cru of Saumur for Chenin

A

Brézé

120
Q

CLos Rougeard wines?

A

Les CLos (50-to-70-year-old vines and a blend of 3 villages)

Les Poyeux (half-century-old vines in a south-facing parcel in Chace in tuffeax soils)

Les Bourg (also in Chace, vines averaging 80 years old is the most powerfull)

Brézé (a unique slope of sandy clay and limestone, 60+year-old Chenin Blanc vines organically, Aged in 20% new barrels, and rarely finishing malolactic fermentation)

The barrels are all neutral for Le Clos; one year old for Poyeaux, and new for the powerfully rich Le Bourg.
18-24 months in small barrels

121
Q

Clos Rougeard owned by?

A

two brothers who are among France’s most gifted, Nady and Charly Foucault.

122
Q

The majority of Touraine’s vineyards lie between which rivers?

A

Loire and Cher

123
Q

Soils of Touraine?

A

Touraine sits in the Paris Basin, where the diverse soils include tuffeau, sand, clay, and flint, and alluvial terraces also have deposits of gravel.

124
Q

Which are the appellations of Touraine?

A

Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil
Bourgueil
Chinon
Vouvray
Montlouis-sur-Loire
Cheverny
Cour-Cheverny
Jasnières
Coteaux du Vendômois
Valencay
Coteaux du Loir

125
Q

Coteaux du Vendômois produces which styles?

A

Blanc: Chenin Blanc, plus max. 20% Chardonnay
Rosé (Vin Gris): 100% Pineau d’Aunis
Rouge: Min. 50% Pineau d’Aunis, 10-40% Pinot Noir, 10-40% Cabernet Franc, max. 20% Gamay
The variety typically yields pale-hued wines that are light, vivacious, and peppery

126
Q

Jasnières produces which styles?

A

It is a small (70-hectare) appellation exclusively for Chenin Blanc
When conditions permit, botrytized wines can be made

127
Q

Which is the best winery in Jasnières?

A

Domaien de Belliviere and Pascal Javnier

128
Q

Cour-Cheverny produces which styles?

A

produces white wine from 100% Romorantin
The wines are typically dry, but late-harvest sweet wines are occasionally produced. Some of the best wines are made from old, ungrafted vines.

129
Q

Cheverny produces which styles?

A

Blanc:
Principal Varieties: 60-84% combined Sauvignon Blanc and Sauvignon Gris
Complementary Varieties: 16-40% combined Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc and Orbois
Rosé:
Principal Variety: 60-84% Pinot Noir
Complementary Variety: 16-40% Gamay
Accessory Varieties: Max. 25% Cot (Malbec)
Rouge:
Principal Variety: 60-84% Pinot Noir
Complementary Variety: 16-40% Gamay
Accessory Varieties: Max. 5% combined Cot

130
Q

Montlouis-sur-Loire produces which styles?

A

Like Vouvray, Montlouis-sur-Loire is an appellation for white wine only, making both still and sparkling Chenin Blanc as well as sweet. In addition to traditional method sparkling wines, the appellation includes a pétillant category, for delicately sparkling wines (1.5 to 2 bars).

131
Q

Name a top producer from Montlouis-sur-Loire

A

Jacky Blot Domaine de la Taillex aux Loups

132
Q

Which are the most planted grapes in Touraine?

A

The main grape varieties of Anjou-Saumur—Chenin Blanc and Cabernet Franc—are also grown in Touraine, particularly in the western half. But the primary white grape planted in the Touraine appellation is Sauvignon Blanc, at 43% of plantings (Chenin Blanc accounts for just 7%).
Gamay is the most planted red variety with 21% of vineyard area, followed by Cabernet Franc with 10% and Côt with 8%.

133
Q

Name the sub-zones of Touraine

A

Amboise, Mesland, Azay-le-Rideau, Oisly, Chenonceaux and Noble Joue

134
Q

Touraine Amboise produces which styles?

A

Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: min. 70% Cot with Gamay
Rouge: 100% Cot

135
Q

Touraine Mesland produces which styles?

A

Blanc: Min. 60% Chenin Blanc, max. 30% Sauvignon Blanc, max. 15% Chardonnay (the amount of Chardonnay in the vineyard may not exceed the amount of Sauvignon Blanc)
Rosé: Min. 80% Gamay, plus Cot and Cabernet Franc
Rouge: Min. 60% Gamay, 10-30% Cot, 10-30% Cabernet Franc

136
Q

Touraine Azay-le-Rideau produces which styles?

A

Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: Min. 60% Grolleau; plus Cot, Gamay, and max. 10% combined Cabernet Franc and Cabernet Sauvignon

137
Q

Touraine Oisly produces which styles?

A

Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc

138
Q

Touraine Chenonceaux produces which styles?

A

Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Rouge: min. 50% Cot with min. 10% Cabernet Franc

139
Q

Touraine Noble Joue produces which styles?

A

Rose from Pinot Gris, Meunier and Pinot Noir

140
Q

Coteaux du Loir produces which styles?

A

Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rose: Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis, Malbec and ‘Cabernet’ – a blend of Franc and Sauvignon and permits a 25% Grolleau
Rouge: Gamay, Pineau d’Aunis, Malbec and ‘Cabernet’ – a blend of Franc and Sauvignon

141
Q

Valencay produces which styles?

A

White: Sauvignon Blanc (alone or to a minimum of 70%) with the authorised addition of Arbois Blanc, Sauvignon Gris and Chardonnay.
Red: Gamay Noir (30-60%), Pinot Noir (minimum 10%), Côt (minimum 10%) with the authorised, discretionary addition of Cabernet Franc (20%).
Rosé: The same varietals as reds, with the possibility of adding Pineau d’Aunis to the blend.

142
Q

Max yields for Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil and Bourgueil?

A

55hl/ha

143
Q

Saint-Nicolas-de-Bourgueil produces which styles?

A

Rosé: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

144
Q

Bourgueil produces which styles?

A

Rosé: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

145
Q

Name some top producers from Bourgueil

A

Jacky Blot Domaine de la Butte
Catherine et Pierre Breton
Domaine de la Chevalerie
Gauthier Pere et Fils Domaine du Bel Air
Yannick Amirault

146
Q

Which is the Loire Valley’s largest red-producing appellation?

A

Chinon

147
Q

Chinon produces which styles?

A

Blanc: 100% Chenin Blanc
Rosé: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon
Rouge: Cabernet Franc plus a max. 10% Cabernet Sauvignon

148
Q

Max yields in Chinon?

A

55hl/ha

149
Q

Which are the 3 main soil types of Chinon?

A

First, alluvial terraces made of sand, silt, and river gravels can be found on lower, flatter lands close to the river in western Chinon. Known as the Véron peninsula, this area has highly sandy soils that are free draining and warm up quickly, making vines in this part of the appellation early to bud and early to ripen

The second soil is TUFFEAUX MIXED WITH CLAY, found on the coteaux (hillsides), where the vineyards rise upward, away from the river and the valley floor. Here, the limestone is yellow, unlike the white chalks of Saumur.If there were grand cru vineyards in Chinon, the vast majority would be at these sites, which produce the most elegant, densely concentrated, chalky-textured, and ageworthy Cabernet Franc.

Chinon’s third terroir is generally found at the top of the hillsides, where SAND AND CLAY MIX WITH FLINT; it is also found on the hillocks, known as puys, found in the Véron peninsula. These soils, while not considered as prestigious as the clay-limestone of the coteaux, also yield high-quality wines.

150
Q

Name the best vineyards of Chinon

A

Les Grézeaux ,Le Clos de l’Olive, Le Chêne Vert, and La Croix Boissée, Les Picasses, Coteau de Noiré

151
Q

Name some top producers from Chinon

A

Bernard Baudry
Charles Joguet
Olga Raffault
Couly Dutheil
Domaine Fabrice Gasnier
Philippe Alliet
Jean-Maurice Raffault.

152
Q

Name the top bottling of Olga Raffault

A

Les Picasses

153
Q

Name the top bottling of Charles Joguet

A

Clos de la Dioterie
La Dioterie is a plot on tuffeau that enjoys a long, slow ripening thanks to its cooler, northern exposure. It is consistently the domaine’s most powerful wine: vines up to 85 years old

154
Q

Name the top wine of Philippe Alliet

A

Coteau de Noiré

155
Q

Phylloxera arrived in Loire when?

A

1882

156
Q

Vouvray produces which styles?

A

Blanc: min 95% Chenin Blanc, plus a max. 5% Orbois
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant

157
Q

Vouvray yields?

A

Blanc: 52 hl/ha
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant: 65 hl/ha

158
Q

Soils of Vouvray?

A

Tuffeau limestone is the basis of Vouvray. Some vineyards sit almost directly on the limestone, but most have a topsoil of clay or flint, or both, in varying proportions. The slopes are referred to as premières côtes, where the topsoil is clay-flint, a soil known locally as perruches

159
Q

Sparkling Wine Requirements in Vouvray?

A

Traditional Method Secondary Fermentation
Wines may not be released until 12 months after the date of tirage
sparkling Vouvray, which requires a potential alcohol of just 9.5% compared with 11% for still wine

160
Q

60% of Vouvray production is?

A

sparkling

161
Q

Which is the max residual sugars for Vouvray sec, demi sec, Moelleux and doux?

A

sec: 8 grams per litre
demi-sec: 9 and 18 grams per liter
moelleux: must be between 18 and 45 grams per liter
doux: 45 grams per liter

162
Q

Falling between sec and demi-sec styles is?

A

sec tendre

163
Q

Name some top producers from Vouvray

A

Domaine Huet
Champalou
François Chidaine (labels his wines Vin dr France)
Jacky Blot at Domaine de la Taille aux Loups
Domaine Delétang
Domaine du Clos Naudin by Philippe Foreau
Domaine des Aubuisières
Marc Bredif
Domaine Vincent Careme

164
Q

Name a top producer from Bonnezeaux

A

Domaine des GRANDES VIGNES
noble rot and the Chenin that has been grown on schist, biodynamic estate.

165
Q

Name the 3 vineyards of Huet

A

Le Haut Lieu
on the Première Côte — Le Mont and Clos du Bourg
One of the earliest practicioners of Biodynamics

166
Q

Who produces Constance?

A

Since 1989, Huet has also produced this magical, botrytized dessert wine selected from one, two or all three vineyards, (named for Gaston’s mother) ranks among the world’s greatest dessert wines.

167
Q

Touraine produces which styles?

A

Blanc: Sauvignon Blanc and max. 20% Sauvignon Gris
Rosé (still and Mousseux): Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, Gamay, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Meunier, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Pineau d’Aunis
Rouge:
Principal Varieties: Min. 40% Cot. Vineyards west of Tours have a min. 90% Cabernet Franc.
Accessory Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir
Varietal-Labeled Gamay: Min. 75% Gamay, plus Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Cot, and Pinot Noir
Vin Mousseux/Pétillant Blanc: Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Franc, Grolleau, Grolleau Gris, Orbois, Pineau d’Aunis, Pinot Noir

168
Q

Name the wines of Francois Chidaine

A

Les Argiles: This is a blend of various plots which is vinified this dry, usually around 4 g/l of residual sugar.
Clos Baudoin: The 2.7-hectare south-facing Clos Baudoin is one of Vouvray’s legendary sites, 60 year old vines and dry
Le Bouchet: demi sec, with vines 60-70y north facing adjacent to Clos du Bourg

169
Q

Sancerre became an appellation when?

A

In 1936, the Sancerre appellation was created exclusively for Sauvignon Blanc wines, and in 1959 red and rosé wines made solely from Pinot Noir were incorporated into the appellation.

170
Q

Name the 3 main soil types of Sancerre

A

Terres blanches, named for the white appearance of the soils in the summer sunshine, are Kimmeridgian marls, which consist of clay and limestone. The word caillottes (or griottes) refers to limestone pebbles of differing sizes. The third soil, silex, is rich in flint and found mostly on the eastern slopes of Sancerre. Terres blanches are relatively cool, and grapes take longer to ripen on these soils than on caillottes. Sancerre grown on Kimmeridgian marls tends to be more complex and fuller bodied, while caillottes typically produce more open, fruity wines. Silex generally yields powerful, firm, and even lightly bitter styles. It is common for producers to blend grapes from different sites to create their main white Sancerre cuvées.

171
Q

Name the 3 best vineyards of Sancerre

A

Mont Damnes
Cul de Beajeau
La Grande Cot
Les Romains

172
Q

Name some top producers from Sancerre

A

Domaine Vacheron
Joseph and Alphonse Mellot
Didier Dageaneau
Gerard Boulay
Vincent Gaudry
Pascal Jolivet
Francois Cotat
Henri Bourgeois

173
Q

Pouilly Fume produces only?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

174
Q

There are seven villages within Pouilly-Fumé’s borders, including Pouilly and the highest point?

A

Saint Andelain

175
Q

Name some top producers from Pouilly Fume

A

Didier Dageaneau
Domaine de Ladoucette
Chatelain
Chateau de Tracy
Serge Dageaneau
Joseph Mellot

176
Q

Top vineyards in Pouilly-Fumé include?

A

Les Cocques, Les Bois and Les Cornets

177
Q

Pouilly-sur-Loire produces?

A

white wines from Chasselas

178
Q

Menetou Salon produces?

A

white, rose and reds from Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir only

179
Q

Which appellation of the Central Vineyards has the most organic vineyards?

A

Menetou Salon

180
Q

Quincy produces?

A

only whites from Sauvignon Blanc

181
Q

Which river flows in Quincy?

A

Cher

182
Q

Which river flows though Reuilly?

A

Arnon

183
Q

Reuilly produces?

A

white, rose and red wines from Sauvignon Blanc
reds from Pinot Noir and rose from Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir

184
Q

max yields for Sancerre and Pouilly Fume?

A

Pouilly Fume 65hl/ha
Sancerre blanc: 60 hl/ha
Sancerre rouge and rose: 55 hl/ha

185
Q

Coteaux du Giennois produces?

A

Blanc: 100% Sauvignon Blanc
Rosé: Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)
Rouge: Pinot Noir and Gamay (neither may exceed 80%)

186
Q

Côtes de la Charité produces?

A

Slightly more white wine than red is produced, from Chardonnay and Pinot Gris. Pinot Noir is grown for reds, and a little rosé is also made.

187
Q

Coteaux de Tannay produces?

A

White wines dominate, made from Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Melon B, Pinot Gris, and Auxerrois. Reds, based on Pinot Noir and Gamay, account for 25% of production. A small amount of rosé is also made.

188
Q

Orléans produces?

A

Blanc:
Principal Variety: Min. 60% Chardonnay
Accessory Variety: Pinot Gris
Rosé:
Principal Variety: Min. 60% Meunier
Complementary Variety: Pinot Gris and Pinot Noir
Rouge:
Principal Variety: 70-90% Meunier
Accessory Variety: Pinot Noir

189
Q

Orléans-Cléry produces?

A

Rouge: 100% Cabernet Franc

190
Q

Name the appellations of Central Vineyards

A

Sancerre
Pouilly Fume
Pouilly-sur-Loire
Quincy
Reuilly
Menetou Salon
Orleans
Orleans-Clery
Coteaux de Giennois
Coteaux de Tannay
Cotes de la Charite
Chateaumeillant

191
Q

Chateaumeillant produces?

A

red and rose from Gamay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris

192
Q

Name the four appellations of Central France

A

Saint-Pourçain, Côtes d’Auvergne, Côtes du Forez, and Côte Roannaise. There are two IGP denominations as well, IGP d’Urfé and IGP Puy de Dôme

193
Q

Cote Roannaise produces?

A

Rosé: 100% Gamay
Rouge: 100% Gamay
it is also home to a wide range of grapes made into IGP d’Urfé wines

194
Q

Côtes du Forez produces?

A

Rosé: 100% Gamay
Rouge: 100% Gamay
Some producers grow varieties as varied as Roussanne, Viognier, Pinot Noir, Riesling, and Syrah, bottled under the IGP d’Urfé label. There are also red wines made from Gamaret, a Swiss-derived cross between Gamay and Reichensteiner that is usefully less susceptible to rot than Gamay.

195
Q

Côtes d’Auvergne produces?

A

Blanc: 100% Chardonnay
Rosé: Min. 50% Gamay plus Pinot Noir
Rouge: Min. 50% Gamay plus Pinot Noir

196
Q

Côtes d’Auvergne soils?

A

volcanic deposited by Puy mountain

197
Q

Name the five crus of Cotes d’Auvergne

A

Corent is one of the five crus of the appellation and is authorized only for production of rosé. The other four—Boudes, Madargue, Chanturgue, and Châteaugay—are authorized solely for red

198
Q

Saint-Pourçain produces?

A

Blanc: 50-80% Chardonnay, 20-40% Sacy (Tressalier), max. 10% Sauvignon Blanc
Rosé: 100% Gamay
Rouge: 40-75% Gamay, and 25-60% Pinot Noir

Advanced Somm (42 decks)

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