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Chile Flashcards

1
Q

When was the first Vitis Vinifera vines planted in Chile?

A

By Spanish settlers as early as 1519

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2
Q

Which were the first grapes used for wine in Chile?

A

Pais (Mission or Criolla Chica) and Muscat of Alexandria

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3
Q

When and who brought french grape varieties in Chile?

A

Silvestre Ochagavia Echazarreta (father of Chilean wine) in 1851 including Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenere, Sauvignon Blanc and Vert, Semillon and Chardonnay

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4
Q

First modern winery in Chile?

A

Vina Ochagavia which still operates today

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5
Q

Name some of the oldest wineries

A

Cousiño Macul was established in 1856, Viña San Pedro in 1865, Viña Errázuriz in 1870, Santa Carolina in 1875, Santa Rita in 1880, Concha y Toro in 1883, and Undurraga in 1885

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6
Q

Founder of Errazuriz

A

Maximiano Errázuriz

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7
Q

Name the brands that dominate domestic consupmtion of Chile

A

Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, and San Pedro (and associated brands), which together account for 85% of domestic consumption

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8
Q

What is MOVI?

A

In 2009, 12 wineries banded together as the Movimiento de Viñateros Independientes (MOVI), “an association of small quality-oriented Chilean wineries who come together to share a common goal to make wine personally, on a human scale.” In a country dominated by massive wineries, MOVI membership signals a different outlook.

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9
Q

Where is Miguel Torres located and what was his contribution?

A

Curicó and introduced new technologies like temperature-controlled, stainless steel fermentation tanks, new barriques, and pneumatic presses to the country. Vines were newly trellised or retrained in VSP systems. (1979)

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10
Q

Name some foreign investors in Chile?

A

Domaine Barons de Rothchild Lafite in Colchagua - Los Vascos (1988)

Grande Marnier in Colchagua - Casa Lapostolle (1994)

Robert Mondavi joined with Eduardo Chadwick of Viña Errázuriz to found Seña in 1995 in Aconcagua

Bruno Prats (former owner of Château Cos d’Estournel) and Paul Pontallier (former managing director of Château Margaux) in Maipo - Viña Aquitania (1990)

Baron Philippe de Rothschild arrived in 1997 to create Almaviva in conjunction with Concha y Toro in Puente Alto Maipo

Francois Lurton in Lolol Colchagua - Hacienda Araucano

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11
Q

Name some wine consultants of Chile

A

Paul Hobbs in Vina Perez Cruz in Maipo
William Fevre (William Fevre Chile) in Maipo
Martin Prieur (Domaine Jacques Prieur) is a consultant for Cono Sur
Louis-Michel Liger-Belair for Errazuriz
Michel Rolland for Casa Lapostolle

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12
Q

Chile’s lenght and wide?

A

4,300 km long and 150 km wide

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13
Q

Chile’s latitude?

A

27-41 south of the equator

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14
Q

Name the main viticultural regions of Chile from north to south

A

Atacama (Region III, Norte Chico)
Coquimbo (Region IV, Norte Chico)
Valparaíso (Region V, Zona Central)
Santiago (Región Metropolitan, Zona Central)
O’Higgins (Region VI, Zona Central)
Maule (Region VII, Zona Central)
Bío Bío (Region VIII, Zona Sur)
La Araucanía (Region IX, Zona Sur)
Los Lagos (Region X, Zona Sur)

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15
Q

When was the Chile’s Denominación de Origen system established?

A

1994

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16
Q

Soils of Chile in general?

A

granite, schist and slate overlaid by red clays in Coastal Range

much of the Andes geology is volcanic in origin, consisting of extrusive rocks like basalt and andesite

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17
Q

Name the 4 DO’s of Chile

A

Region
Sub-region
Zone
Area

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18
Q

Name the 6 regions of Chile

A

Atacama, Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Valle Central, Sur, and Austral

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19
Q

varietal and vintage labelling requires a minimum of?

A

75% and 85% if being exported

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20
Q

Name the ‘quality’ designations for DO wines

A

Superior, Reserva, Reserva
Especial, Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva

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21
Q

What style of wine makes the most and which is the most planted grape variety?

A

75% reds and Cabernet Sauvignon followed by Merlot, Carmenère, Syrah, and País. Among white grapes, Sauvignon Blanc (most planted white) and Chardonnay

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22
Q

Carmenere was confused with?

A

Merlot since 1994

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23
Q

Carmenere is a cross between?

A

Cabernet Franc and Gros Cabernet

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24
Q

Name some famous wines in which Carmenere is in the blend or as a whole

A

Clos Apalta and Almaviva feature it as a significant blending component, while high-end Chilean wines like Errázuriz’s “Kai” and Concha y Toro’s “Carmín de Peumo”

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25
Q

Name some top sites for Carmenere

A

Peumo in Cachapoal, and Los Lingues and Apalta in Colchagua

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26
Q

Food pairings with Carmenere

A

Chilean dishes like pastel de choclo (sweet corn cooked with beef, onions and olives) and surprisingly versatile with highly spiced Indian cuisine

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27
Q

Chile has old vines from which varieties?

A

Pais, Moscatel, Carignan, Semillon and Cinsault

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28
Q

Sauvignon Blanc was confused with?

A

Sauvignonasse or Sauvignon Vert

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29
Q

Name the DO’s of Atacama Region

A

Huasco and Copiapo Valleys (2)

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30
Q

What is Pisco?

A

Pisco, a brandy produced in southern Peru and northern Chile, earned an appellation of origin in Chile in 1931 and in Peru in 1991. The original port of Pisco is located in Peru, but Chile changed the name of an Andean town in the upper Elqui Valley

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31
Q

In Chile, Pisco is distilled principally from?

A

Moscatel (Muscat of Alexandria)
Moscatel Rosado
Moscatel de Austria (Torrontés Sanjuanino)
Torontel (Moscatel Amarillo, a progeny of País x Muscat of Alexandria)
Pedro Jiménez.

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32
Q

Name the DO’s of Coquimbo Region

A

Elqui, Limari and Choapa Valley

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33
Q

Name Choapa’s major producer

A

De Martino for his Syrah followed by Cab Sauv

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34
Q

Elqui produces more?

A

Reds (90%) mainly Cab Sauv followed by Merlot, Carmenere and Syrah with a little Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc in terms of whites

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35
Q

Elqui is most famous for?

A

Northern-Rhone like Syrah’s with meaty-spicy complexity underpinned by a sleek ripe fruit profile that is the hallmark of the region

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36
Q

Elqui’s major wineries?

A

Vina Falernia which is also the biggest and Vinedos de Alcohuaz

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37
Q

Falernia’s top wine?

A

Alta Tierra Syrah

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38
Q

Highest vineyard of Chile?

A

2,450m Chile’s highest vineyard is Ayllu, located in the Salar de Atacama

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39
Q

Name the areas of Elqui

A

La Serena (coastal), Vicuña and Paiguano (Andes)

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40
Q

Name the areas of Limari Valley

A

Ovalle (capital), Monte Patria, Punitaqui, Río Hurtado

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41
Q

Soils and climate of Limari?

A

One of the few areas in Chile with calcareous soils—red clay atop limestone recalling the terra rossa of Coonawarra—Limarí succeeds as a cooler climate due to its coastal proximity, not its elevation

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42
Q

Limari is mostly famous for?

A

Mainly Chardonnay (also most planed) followed by Pinot Noir with some good Cab Sauv and Syrah

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43
Q

First winery of Limari?

A

Elqui-based Pisco cooperative, established the first wine company, Francisco de Aguirre, in 1993. The winery and its vineyards are now owned by Concha y Toro

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44
Q

Name some producers of Limari

A

Casa Tamaya (consulted by Carlos Andrade ex winemaker of FdA)
Tabalí
Francisco de Aguirre (Conca y Toro)
Agua Tierra

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45
Q

Name the rivers of Limari

A

Hurtado and Grande rivers that merge to form Limari river

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46
Q

Mists in Limari called?

A

camanchaca that brings disease pressure (oidium)

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47
Q

Name the areas of Choapa

A

Salamanca and IIIapel

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48
Q

Name the sub-regions of Aconcagua

A

Valle del Aconcagua, Valle de Casablanca, and Valle de San Antonio

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49
Q

Aconcagua produces mainly?

A

reds (87%) mainly Cab Sauv, Merlot, Carmenere, Syrah and Pais

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50
Q

Briefly describe the climate of Aconcagua

A

Aconcagua in general has the warmest and driest climate in Chile (Valley) and is moderated by altitude and some cooling influences funelled by the Pacific Ocean and becomes cooler and wetter towards the coast to the west.

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51
Q

Soils of Aconcagua

A

Alluvial deeper more fertile soils in the plains and flatter sites with more sandier and granitic soils that are poorer and free draining in the hillside sites

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52
Q

Aconcagua is famous for?

A

Red blends of Cab Sauv with Carmenere and Syrah mainly followed by Merlot and sometimes other grapes like Petit Verdot suitable to the warm climate adding structure, tannins and spicy notes

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53
Q

Name the areas of Aconcagua

A

Hijuelas, Panquehue, Catemu, Llaillay, San Felipe, Santa María, Calle Larga, Quillota, San Esteban (9)

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54
Q

Name the top producers of Aconcagua

A

Vina Erazurriz (1870)
Sena (Mondavi and Errazuriz)
Corpora Group
Von Siebenthal

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55
Q

Sena first vintage and varietal composition?

A

Cabernet Sauv with Merlot, Carmenere, Malbec, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Franc in 1995

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56
Q

Best vintages of Sena

A

2018, 2010, 2015, 2013 and 2001

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57
Q

Name the top wines of Errazuriz

A

Sena, Chadwick and Don Max

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58
Q

Who was influencial for the development of Casablanca?

A

Renowned winemaker Pablo Morandé oversaw development of Casablanca’s first experimental vineyards for Concha y Toro in 1982, the first cool-climate region in Chile to be explored by modern winemakers

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59
Q

Name the next wave of wineries of Casablanca in the 90s

A

Veramonte, Viña Casablanca, Casas del Bosque, Kingston Family Vineyards among others

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60
Q

Casablanca produces mainly?

A

Whites from Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc which are the most planted with some Riesling, Viognier, Gewurz as well as Pinot Noir, Cab Sauv, Merlot and some Syrah and Carmenere

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61
Q

Casablanca’s major threat?

A

Frost and nematodes

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62
Q

Casablanca’s soils?

A

Clay heavier soils in the flatter areas with sandy and decompossed granitic soils (maicillo) in the hillsides

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63
Q

Casablanca is famous for?

A

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc for whites (crisp with zesty citrusy fruit and herbal mineral notes), Pinot Noir and Syrah with sleek red fruit, spicy and herbal notes with liner texture and vibrant acidities

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64
Q

Name some of the best producers in Casablanca

A

Casas del Bosque
Vina Casablanca
Veramonte
Kingston

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65
Q

Name some producers who own land in Casablanca

A

Errazuriz
Casa Lapostolle
De Martino
Santa Rita
Carmen
Emiliana
Conca y Toro

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66
Q

When were the first vines planted in San Antonio?

A

1998 planted by Vina Leyda

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67
Q

Name the official zone of San Antonio

A

Leyda Valley

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68
Q

Which is the most planted grape variety in San Antonio?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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69
Q

San Antonio produces mainly?

A

whites (60%)

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70
Q

Which are the main grapes of San Antonio?

A

Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Merlot and Syrah

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71
Q

Soils in San Antonio?

A

clay-loams with gravel and decomposed granite in depth

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72
Q

Name the top producers of San Antonio

A

Casa Marin (Lo Abarca), Vina Leyda (Leyda), Matetik (Rosario), Garces Silva (Leyda)

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73
Q

Climate of San Antonio?

A

Similar to Casablanca’s, cool, breezy and humid but even more extreme

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74
Q

Name the key areas of San Antonio

A

Leyda, Lo Abarca and the unofficial Rosario

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75
Q

Which is the cooler area of San Antonio?

A

Lo Abarca followed by Leyda which boosts a similar climate with Casablanca

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76
Q

Name the areas of San Antonio from north to south

A

Rosario, Lo Abarca (central), Leyda

77
Q

Who owns Casa Marin?

A

Maria Luz Marin

78
Q

Casa Marin is famous for?

A

Sauvignon Blanc called Cipreses followed by Pinot Noir

79
Q

Garces Silva is known for?

A

Sauvignon Blanc particularly Amayana made in wood

80
Q

Matetik is known for?

A

Syrah (also certified biodynamic)

81
Q

Which wine growing region of Chile does not have a coastline?

A

Maipo

82
Q

Maipo produces mainly?

A

Reds (87%), Cabernet Sauvignon most planted followed by Merlot and Carmenere with some Syrah and Malbec
In terms of white Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

83
Q

Name the areas of Maipo

A

Santiago, Pirque, Puente Alto, Buin, Isla de Maipo, Talagante, Melipilla, Alhué, María Pinto, Colina, Calera de Tango, Til Til, Lampa (13)

84
Q

Name the 3 unofficial divisions of Maipo

A

Alto Maipo (600-650), Medio Maipo (350-600), Bajo/Costa Maipo (100-350)

85
Q

Name the areas of Alto Maipo

A

Penanolen, Pirque, Puente Alto

86
Q

Name the areas of Medio Maipo

A

Buin, Alhué and Paine

87
Q

Name the areas of Bajo/Costa Maipo

A

Isla de Maipo and Maria Pinto

88
Q

Name 3 producers from Penanolen

A

Domus Aurea, Cousino Macul, Aquitania

89
Q

Name the best vineyards of Puente Alto

A

Vinedo Chadwick, Almavia and Don Melchor

90
Q

Name the best producers from Pirque

A

Conca y Toro, Carmen, Santa Rita, Antiyal, Perez Cruz, El Principal, Haras de Pirque

91
Q

Who produces Casa Real and what grape is?

A

Santa Rita 100% Cabernet Sauvognon

92
Q

Who produces Don Melchor and what grape is?

A

Conca y Toro 100% Cabernet Sauvignon

93
Q

Who is the winemaker of Don Melchor?

A

Enrique Tirado

94
Q

Almaviva’s first vintage?

A

1996

95
Q

Almaviva’s varietal composition?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenere, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot and Merlot

96
Q

Almaviva’s second label?

A

Epu

97
Q

Best vintages of Almavia?

A

2015 and 2017 followed by 2018 and 2020

98
Q

Who is the winemaker of Antiyal?

A

Alvaro Espinosa

99
Q

Name the best wines of Antiya

A

Antiya (a blend of Cab Sauv with Carmenere and Syrah) and Kuyen (Syrah and Cab Sauv)

100
Q

Which is the top wine of Carmen?

A

Carmen Gold Cabernet Sauvignon (with a little Cab Franc and Petit Verdot)

101
Q

Which is Chile’s largest winery?

A

Conca y Toro

102
Q

Name the top producer of Isla de Maipo

A

De Martino

103
Q

Synonim of Carmenere?

A

Grande Vidure

104
Q

Which wineries where the first to champion Carmenere?

A

De Martino (Santa Ines) and Carmen (Grande Vidure)

105
Q

When did Vinedo Chadwick founded, it’s first vintage and when it was launched?

A

Founded in 1992, first produced in 1999 and launched in 2002

106
Q

best vintages for Chadwick?

A

2017, 2014, 2010, 2009

107
Q

Who and when organised a tasting between Chilean and French wines?

A

In 2004, Steven Spurrier known as the Berlin tasting

108
Q

Which vintage of Chadwick won the tasting vs Bordeaux and Tuscan wines?

A

Chadwick 2000

109
Q

Name the zones of Valle Central

A

Maipo, Rapel Valley (Colchagua and Cachapoal), Curico and Maule

110
Q

Rapel River is formed by the confluence of?

A

Cachapoal and Tinguiririca rivers

111
Q

Which is Chile’s most heavily planted DO

A

Rapel Valley

112
Q

Name some top Carmenere bottlings from Peumo

A

Errazuriz’s ‘‘Kai’’, Santa Carolina’s “Herencia” and Concha y Toro’s “Carmín de Peumo

113
Q

Name the areas of Colchagua

A

Rancagua, Requínoa, Rengo, Peumo, Machalí, Coltauco, San Vincente

114
Q

Name the first producers that moved to Alto Cachapoal

A

Anakena and Altaïr

115
Q

Cachapoal’s highest vineyard project?

A

Pedro Parra’s ambitious Clos des Fous project 1000m above sea lvl

116
Q

Name 2 areas of Alto Cachapoal

A

Rengo and Requínoa

117
Q

Name the areas of Colchagua

A

San Fernando, Chimbarongo, Nancagua, Santa Cruz, Palmilla, Peralillo, Lolol, Marchigüe, Litueche, La Estrella, Paredones, Pumanque, Apalta

118
Q

Name the coastal areas of Colchagua

A

Lolol, Pumanque, and Paredones

119
Q

Name the 2 Andes areas of Colchagua

A

Chimbarongo and San Fernando

120
Q

Name some of the top producers in Colchagua

A

Cono Sur, Viu Manent, Casa Silva,Lapostolle, Los Vascos and Hacienda Araucano and energized by (relative) newcomers Montes, Neyen, Koyle and Vik winery

121
Q

What is the most important source for red wines in Colchagua?

A

Apalta

122
Q

What does Apalta means in the Mapuche dialect?

A

earthquake

123
Q

Apalta’s location, microclimate, soils and grape varieties?

A

It is located on the north bank of the Tinguiririca River, where it sits amid the Coastal Range, facing to the south but protected by mountains on its other three sides. Its slightly cooler climate, reduced sunshine hours, well-drained granitic soils, and hillside planting potential have generated a lot of excitement. Cabernet Sauvignon, Carmenère, and Syrah all generate exceedingly lush yet densely structured wines.

124
Q

Name the top wines of Apalta

A

Clos Apalta from Casa Lapostolle and Apha M from Montes

125
Q

Name a vineyard from San Fernando DO

A

Los Lingues

126
Q

Name an area from central Colchagua

A

Santa Cruz

127
Q

Colchagua produces mainly?

A

Reds (90%) Cab Sauv followed by Merlot, Carmenere, Syrah and Chardonnay from whites

128
Q

Describe the style of red wines of Colchagua

A

Dark color, ripe, sweet black fruit profile and a sturdy palate showing lowish acidity and fleshy tannins, topped off by a warming alcohol kick on the finish

129
Q

Who consulted Clos Apalta and what was it’s first vintage?

A

Michel Rolland, 1997

130
Q

Clos Apalta varietal composition?

A

Carmenere, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot

131
Q

second wine of Clos Apalta?

A

Le petit de clos Apalta

132
Q

Name some top producers from Colchagua

A

Cono Sur and Emiliana (owned by Conca y Toro), Casa Silva, Hacienda Araucano (Francois Lurton), Los Vascos, Montes, Neyen and Viu Manent, Casa Lapostolle

133
Q

Cono Sur is mostly famous for it’s?

A

white wines

134
Q

Who is the head winemaker of the organic Emiliana vineyards?

A

Alvaro Spinosa

135
Q

Which is the best wine of Emiliana?

A

Ge a blend of Syrah, Carmenere, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

136
Q

Who is the winemaker of Montes?

A

Aurelio Montes

137
Q

Name the top wines of Montes

A

Purple Angel, Alpha M Syrah followed by Folly

138
Q

Purple Angel’s varietal composition and location?

A

lower slopes of Apalta, Carmenere with 8% Petit Verdot

139
Q

Viu Manent is famous for it’s?

A

Reds from 100y old vines of Malbec (Viu 1) and Cabernet Sauvignon and also produces an outstanding meaty and spicy Syrah

140
Q

Name the zones of Curicó

A

Valle del Teno, Valle del Lontué named for the two rivers of the same name

141
Q

Name the areas of Curicó

A

Sagrada Familia, Rauco, Romeral, Molina and Vichuquén Curicó’s sole Costa area

142
Q

Curico produces mainly?

A

Reds (87%) mainly Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenere
Whites: Sauvignon Blanc (second most planted in general) and Chardonnay

143
Q

Curico’s climate?

A

It starts to become cooler and wetter

144
Q

Name a significant threat for Curico

A

Frost

145
Q

Name some top producers of Curico

A

Echeverria, Miguel Torres, San Pedro, Valdivieso

146
Q

Which is Miguel Torres’s flagship wine?

A

Manso de Velasco single vineyard near Luntue, Cabernet Sauvignon from 100 year old vines

147
Q

When did Miguel Torres established it’s winery in Curico?

A

1979

148
Q

Which is Chile’s second largest wine company?

A

San Pedro

149
Q

Name the 2 joint ventures of San Pedro in Chile

A

Altair and Tabali

150
Q

Which is the top wine of San Pedro?

A

Cabo de Hornos Cabernet Sauvignon from dry farmed old vines

151
Q

Which region has the largest vine acreage?

A

Maule, 50% of Chile’s acreage and the largest region as well

152
Q

Maule’s most planted grape?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon followed by Pais

153
Q

Maule has old vines of?

A

Carignan, Cinsault, Malbec, Muscat, Semillon and Pais

154
Q

Name the 3 zones of Maule

A

Valle del Claro, Valle del Loncomilla, Valle del Tutuvén

155
Q

Name some of the areas of Maule

A

Empedrado, Curepto, Talca, Pencahue, San Rafael, San Javier, Villa Alegre, Parral, Linares, Longaví, Retiro, Cauquenes, San Clemente, Colbún

156
Q

Which area of Maule is known for old vine Carignan?

A

Cauquenes

157
Q

Name 2 soil types in Maule that are rare in Chile

A

slate and schist

158
Q

Name an upcomming grape variety of Maule

A

Cabernet Franc

159
Q

Name some producers of Maule

A

Calina (Kendal Jackson), Terranoble, La Reserva de Caliboro, Gillmore

160
Q

What are pipeños or bordeos?

A

un-Bordeaux-like blends of Carignan, Cinsault, and País—the cheap jug wines of Maule

161
Q

What is VIGNO?

A

an association committed to the preservation of the region’s old-vine Carignan by a dozen wineries in western Maule banded together to form Vignadores de Carignan

162
Q

Which are the requirements for a wine to labelled VIGNO?

A

The Vignadores de Carignan, and an approximate 550-600 ha of old-vine Carignan in western Maule, are a partnership cut from this cloth. The association’s original members trademarked a brand—VIGNO—and delimited a geographic area (the secano interior of western Maule) in which VIGNO wines can be grown. Association members wishing to use the brand name on a label must observe a few additional rules: The wine must contain a minimum 85% Carignan, which must be dry-farmed, head-trained, and at least 30 years of age (grafted Carignan qualifies). The remainder of the blend must be other old-vine, head-trained, dry-farmed fruit from Maule. The wine must be aged for at least 2 years prior to release. The manner of aging (bottle, barrel, new or used wood) is left to the individual producer’s discretion. There are no tasting panels nor other regulatory controls, but the association currently restricts access to the brand

163
Q

Which are the regions of South region?

A

Itata, Bio Bio and Malleco

164
Q

Itata and Bio Bio produce?

A

almost equally reds and whites with Pais and Moscatel de Alejandria with a significant proportion of Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay

165
Q

How many hectares is Malleco?

A

13ha

166
Q

Which winery pioneered Malleco Valley?

A

Aquitania’s SoldeSol winery

167
Q

Name the areas of Itata

A

Portezuelo, Coelemu, Chillán, Quillón

168
Q

In which administrative region are located Itata and Bio Bio and which is the capital?

A

The Valle del Itata DO and the Valle del Bío-Bío DO are both located within the Bío-Bío Administrative Region, which has its capital at Concepción

169
Q

Which is the historic region of Chile?

A

Itata and used to be the centre of wine industry in the 19th century

170
Q

In Southern Region which is the percentage of head trained vines?

A

85%

171
Q

In Itata the vines are trained?

A

gobelet and dry farmed

172
Q

Itata is becoming famous for?

A

Old vines of Cinsault, Pais (over 100y old vines), Moscatel de Alejandria and even Carignan

173
Q

When was the modern wine region in Itata established, where and who did that?

A

Fundacion de Chile in the mid-eighties in Nueva Aldea

174
Q

Name the rivers of Itata

A

Nuble and Itata

175
Q

Which winery sources Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon from Itata based in Maule?

A

Calina

176
Q

Name some producers from Itata

A

Tierra y Fuego and Casas dde Giner

177
Q

What does Bio Bio means?

A

two rivers (Bio Bio and Laja)

178
Q

Bio Bio produces mainly?

A

reds (81%) with Pais most planted, Moscatel de Alejandria and also has begun to redefine itself as a hotspot for Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, and aromatic whites

179
Q

Name the areas of Bio Bio

A

Yumbel, Mulchén

180
Q

Which producers assisted to the faster modernization and development of Bio Bio?

A

Conca y Toro and Corpora Group

181
Q

Name the sole area of Malleco

A

Traigúen

182
Q

Which is the southern region of Sur DO?

A

Malleco

183
Q

Malleco is located in which administrative region?

A

La Araucanía Administrative Region

184
Q

Which are the main grapes in Malleco?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

185
Q

Which is Malleco’s sole fine wine project?

A

SoldeSol

186
Q

Name the two sub-regions of Zona Austral

A

Valle del Cautín and Valle de Osorno

187
Q

Who was the first to put zona Austral on the lable?

A

Colchagua-based Casa Silva was the first to use Austral DO on a label and produces Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Pinot Noir

188
Q

Which is the southern most vineyard of Chile?

A

the world’s southernmost vineyard, an experimental plot on the edge of the glacial Lake General Carrera and the Chilean tundra. Undurraga’s Rafael Urrejola challenges all conventional thinking, growing grapes at the 46th parallel

189
Q

Chile’s vintages

A

2022: Excellent quality, comparable to 2018
2021: Cool, wet vintage but promising quality
2020: Warm, early vintage
2019: Concentrated drought vintage
2018: Excellent, star quality vintage
2017: Hot vintage & forest fires
2016: Cool vintage with lower yields
2015: Warm vintage & riper styles
2014: Massive frost damage, but complex wines
2013: Cool vintage with freshness
2012: Warm vintage with generous wines
2011: Cool and elegant vintage
2010: Cool vintage, affected by the earthquake

Advanced Somm (42 decks)

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