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EANS > Pons > Flashcards

Pons Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 transverse sections of Pons?

A
  1. lower level (level of facial colliculus)
  2. middle level (level of trigeminal nerve)
  3. Upper level (level of 4 lemnisci)
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2
Q

What two main divisions are pons divided in by the transversely running fibres of the trapezoid body?

A
  1. Basilar part (Basis pontis) - the ventral part of pons.
  2. Tegmentum - the dorsal part of pons. Superiorly tegmentum of pons is continous w tegmentum of midbrain
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3
Q

Does the content of tegmentum vary in the 3 levels of pons?

A

yes.

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4
Q

How is all of the basilar pons structured?

A

numerous transverse pontocerebellar fibres arrising from pontine nulei.

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5
Q

How are pontocerebellar fibres projecting?

A

They are transverse in basilar pons and then cross the midline to contralateral cerebellum.

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6
Q

What are the transverse pontocerebellar fibres forming?

A

The middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis)

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7
Q

What nerve is piercing the middle cerebellar peduncle?

A

The trigeminal nerve.

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8
Q

What more is seen in all levels of the ventral (basilar) pons?

A

The pyramidal tract - appear as small separate bundles running longitudinally between fascicles of the transverse pontine fibres.

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9
Q

What is the pyramidal tract including?

A
  • corticospinal tract
  • corticobulbar tract
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10
Q

What is seen at the dorsal/tegmental part of caudal pons at the level of facial colliculus?

A
  • The trapezoid body
  • Abducent nerve nucleus
  • Facial motor nucleus
  • Medial longitudinal fasciculus/bundle
  • Vestibular nuclei
  • Spinal tract and nucleus of the trigeminal nerve
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11
Q

What does the trapezoid body consist of?

A

acoustic fibres from the cochlear nuclei.

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12
Q

What forms the decussation of the trapezoid body?

A

Acoustic fibres crossing to opposite side of pons then ascending as the lateral lemniscus

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13
Q

Where does the lateral lemniscus ascend and terminate?

A

It ascend into rostral pons and midbrain and terminate in INFERIOR colliculus.

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14
Q

Where in tegmentum does the lateral lemniscus lie?

A

ANTERIOR (lateral) part of tegmentum.

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15
Q

What type of information does the lateral lemniscus carry and from where?

A

HEARING
From dorsal and ventral COCHLEAR nuclei (dorsal and ventral to the inferior cerebellar peduncle). Crossing
, forming the decussation of the trapezoid body, ascending as lateral lemniscus in the anterior tegmentum through pons and midbrain to the INFERIOR COLLICULUS.

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16
Q

Where is the abducent nerve nucleus situated?

A

In the posterior aspect of caudal pons near the floor of the 4th ventricle
- CALLED THE FACIAL COLLICULUS-

17
Q

How is the abducent nerve efferents trajecting from the facial colliculus?

A

DOWNwards. Traverse medial lemniscus and pyramidal tract bundles. Emerge anteriorly at the junction between pons and pyramid of medulla supplying lateral rectus muscle.

18
Q

Where is the facial motor nucleus located?

A

In the posterior part of caudal pons.

19
Q

How is the facial efferent fibres trajeting from the facial motornucleus?

A

They encircle the abducent nucleus, then pass ANTEROlaterally to emerge at the junction between pons and OLIVE of medulla, supplying muscles of facial expression.

20
Q

What is the medial longitudinal fasciculus/bundle?

A

It is an association tract, that link vestibular nuclei with motor occular nuclei in the brain stem to serve coordination of head and eye movement. It supplies extraoccular muscles.

21
Q

Where is the medial longitudinal fasciculus/bundle situated?

A

it lies close to the midline and is found throughout the brain stem and descend into spinal cord

22
Q

What muscles do the medial longitudinal fasciculus supply?

A

The extraoccular muscles through the occulomotor, trochlear and abducent nuclei.

23
Q

How is the vestibular nuclei arranged and where is it situated?

A

Its four nuclei lying near to vestibular area of the floor of the 4th ventricle in the tegmental part of caudal pons (at the level of facial colliculus).

24
Q

From where does the vestibular nuclei recieve afferent fibres and through what to where do they send efferents?

A

From the vestibular nerve.
Through vestibulo-occular fibres in the medial longitudinal fasciculus
To the Occulomotor, Trochlear and Abducent nuclei.

25
Q

Where is the spinal tract and nucleus of trigeminal nerve situated?

A

Its on the anteromedial aspect of the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

26
Q

What information does the spinal tract and nucleus of trigeminal nerve rely?

A

Pain and temperature sensation from the face and scalp.

27
Q

Where does axons from the spinal tract and nucleus of the trigeminal nerve project?

A

They cross to opposite sidem ascend as trigeminal lemniscus and end in Thalamus.

28
Q

What afferent information is send through the vestibular nerve to the vestibular nuclei?

A

Unconscious depp sensation (equilibrium)

29
Q

WHAT IS FOUND AT THE DORSAL (TEGMENTAL) PART OF MID-PONS AT THE LEVEL OF THE TRIGEMINAL NERVE?

A
  • The trigeminal motor nucleus
  • The trigeminal sensory nucleus
  • The superior cerebellar peduncle

The medial longitudinal fasciculus, spinal lemniscus, medial lemniscus and trapezoid body.

30
Q

Where is the trigeminal motor nuclei positioned?

A

Mid pons, in the tegmental area, each side of the 4th ventricle and medial to the main sensory trigeminal nucleus.

31
Q

How is the efferent axons from trigeminal motor nucleus projecting?

A

It is passing along the mandibular nerve ( supplying muscles of mastication).

32
Q

What afferent information is the trigeminal sensory nucleus recieving?

A

Touch sensation from face and scalp

33
Q

Where and how does trigeminal sensory nucleus send efferent fibres?

A

Cross to opposite side and join axons from spinal nucleus of trigeminal. They form the TRIGEMINAL LEMNISCUS in rostral pons - midbrain - Thalamus.

34
Q

Where is the Superior cerebellar peduncle situated?

A

It is posterolateral to the motornucleus of Trigeminal. (posteriolateral to the 4th ventricle)

35
Q

WHAT IS SITUATED AT THE TEGMENTAL PART OF ROSTRAL PONS AT THE LEVEL OF 4 LEMNISCI?

A

*The superior cerebellar peduncle
* The lateral lemniscus
* The spinal lemniscus
*The Trigeminal lemniscus
* The medial lemniscus
(rostral part of 4th ventricle, reticular formation, medial longitudinal fasciculus, tectospinal tract, central tegmental tract)

EANS (31 decks)

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